2.7 Tangents and Derivatives

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这一节重温2.1里面提到的切线,瞬时速度等概念的准确数学表达。

关于如何从割线(secant),获得切线(tangent)的过程就不重复了,这里给出准确的定义:

曲线y=f(x)y = f(x)在点P(x0,f(x0))P(x_0, f(x_0))处的斜率(slop)可以表示为:

m=limh0f(x0+h)f(x0)hm = \lim_{h \to 0}\frac{f(x_0 + h) - f(x_0)}{h}

曲线在P点的切线为过这一点,斜率为m的直线。


同时,也可以称m为函数f在x0x_0处的导数(derivative)。


总结了五种不同的表述:

  1. The slop of y = f(x) at x = x0x_0
  2. The slop of the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at x = x0x_0
  3. The rate of change of f(x) with respect to x at x = x0x_0
  4. The derivative of f at x = x0x_0
  5. The limit of the difference quotient, limh0f(x0+h)f(x0)h\lim_{h \to 0}\frac{f(x_0 + h) - f(x_0)}{h}