Dubbo(94)如何在金融系统中应用Dubbo?

78 阅读5分钟

在金融系统中应用Dubbo,可以通过以下步骤实现:

  1. 项目结构设计:规划项目的模块结构,通常包括服务接口模块、各个服务提供者模块(如账户服务、交易服务、风控服务等)、服务消费者模块(如前端应用、后台管理系统等)。
  2. 服务接口定义:定义各个服务的接口,确保服务提供者和消费者能够共享相同的接口。
  3. 服务提供者实现:实现各个服务接口,并配置Dubbo提供服务。
  4. 服务消费者调用:在服务消费者中引用服务接口,并通过Dubbo调用远程服务。
  5. 服务注册与发现:配置注册中心(如Zookeeper)以实现服务注册与发现。
  6. 配置管理:管理项目的配置文件,确保服务提供者和消费者能够正确连接到注册中心并发现彼此。
  7. 测试与部署:测试服务的调用,确保服务能够正常工作,并将服务部署到生产环境。

以下是一个详细的示例,展示如何在金融系统中应用Dubbo。

1. 项目结构设计

我们将创建一个包含多个模块的项目:dubbo-apiaccount-servicetransaction-servicerisk-servicefrontend-application

financial-system
├── dubbo-api
│   └── src/main/java/com/example/dubbo/api
│       ├── AccountService.java
│       ├── TransactionService.java
│       └── RiskService.java
├── account-service
│   └── src/main/java/com/example/account
│       ├── service
│       │   └── AccountServiceImpl.java
│       ├── config
│       │   └── DubboProviderConfig.java
│       └── AccountServiceApplication.java
├── transaction-service
│   └── src/main/java/com/example/transaction
│       ├── service
│       │   └── TransactionServiceImpl.java
│       ├── config
│       │   └── DubboProviderConfig.java
│       └── TransactionServiceApplication.java
├── risk-service
│   └── src/main/java/com/example/risk
│       ├── service
│       │   └── RiskServiceImpl.java
│       ├── config
│       │   └── DubboProviderConfig.java
│       └── RiskServiceApplication.java
├── frontend-application
│   └── src/main/java/com/example/frontend
│       ├── controller
│       │   └── FinancialController.java
│       ├── config
│       │   └── DubboConsumerConfig.java
│       └── FrontendApplication.java
└── pom.xml

2. 服务接口定义

2.1 创建 dubbo-api 模块

创建 dubbo-api 模块的 pom.xml 文件:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/POM/4.0.0 http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.8</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2.2 定义服务接口

dubbo-api/src/main/java/com/example/dubbo/api 目录下创建 AccountServiceTransactionServiceRiskService 接口:

package com.example.dubbo.api;

public interface AccountService {
    String getAccount(String accountId);
}

public interface TransactionService {
    String processTransaction(String accountId, double amount);
}

public interface RiskService {
    String assessRisk(String accountId, double amount);
}

3. 服务提供者实现

3.1 创建 account-service 模块

创建 account-service 模块的 pom.xml 文件:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/POM/4.0.0 http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#">

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>financial-system</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>account-service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.example</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.8</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3.2 实现账户服务接口

account-service/src/main/java/com/example/account/service 目录下创建 AccountServiceImpl 类:

package com.example.account.service;

import com.example.dubbo.api.AccountService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

@DubboService
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AccountServiceImpl.class);

    @Override
    public String getAccount(String accountId) {
        logger.info("Fetching account with ID: {}", accountId);
        return "Account: " + accountId;
    }
}

3.3 配置Dubbo服务

account-service/src/main/java/com/example/account/config 目录下创建 DubboProviderConfig 类:

package com.example.account.config;

import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@EnableDubbo(scanBasePackages = "com.example.account.service")
public class DubboProviderConfig {
}

3.4 创建启动类

account-service/src/main/java/com/example/account 目录下创建 AccountServiceApplication 类:

package com.example.account;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class AccountServiceApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AccountServiceApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3.5 配置文件

account-service/src/main/resources 目录下创建 application.yml 配置文件:

spring:
  application:
    name: account-service
  main:
    web-application-type: none

dubbo:
  application:
    name: account-service
  registry:
    address: zookeeper://localhost:2181
  protocol:
    name: dubbo
    port: 20880
  scan:
    base-packages: com.example.account.service

logging:
  level:
    com.example.account: INFO
  file:
    name: logs/account-service.log

3.6 创建 transaction-service 模块

创建 transaction-service 模块的 pom.xml 文件,类似于 account-service 模块。

3.7 实现交易服务接口

transaction-service/src/main/java/com/example/transaction/service 目录下创建 TransactionServiceImpl 类:

package com.example.transaction.service;

import com.example.dubbo.api.TransactionService;
import com.example.dubbo.api.RiskService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboReference;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

@DubboService
public class TransactionServiceImpl implements TransactionService {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TransactionServiceImpl.class);

    @DubboReference
    private RiskService riskService;

    @Override
    public String processTransaction(String accountId, double amount) {
        String riskAssessment = riskService.assessRisk(accountId, amount);
        String transaction = "Transaction processed for account " + accountId + " with amount " + amount + ". Risk assessment: " + riskAssessment;
        logger.info(transaction);
        return transaction;
    }
}

3.8 配置Dubbo服务和启动类

transaction-service 模块中配置Dubbo服务和启动类,类似于 account-service 模块。

3.9 创建 risk-service 模块

创建 risk-service 模块的 pom.xml 文件,类似于 account-service 模块。

3.10 实现风控服务接口

risk-service/src/main/java/com/example/risk/service 目录下创建 RiskServiceImpl 类:

package com.example.risk.service;

import com.example.dubbo.api.RiskService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

@DubboService
public class RiskServiceImpl implements RiskService {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RiskServiceImpl.class);

    @Override
    public String assessRisk(String accountId, double amount) {
        String risk = "Low";
        if (amount > 10000) {
            risk = "High";
        }
        logger.info("Risk assessment for account {}: {}", accountId, risk);
        return risk;
    }
}

3.11 配置Dubbo服务和启动类

risk-service 模块中配置Dubbo服务和启动类,类似于 account-service 模块。

4. 服务消费者调用

4.1 创建 frontend-application 模块

创建 frontend-application 模块的 pom.xml 文件:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/POM/4.0.0 http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#">

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>financial-system</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>frontend-application</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.example</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.8</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

4.2 创建控制器

frontend-application/src/main/java/com/example/frontend/controller 目录下创建 FinancialController 类:

package com.example.frontend.controller;

import com.example.dubbo.api.TransactionService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboReference;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class FinancialController {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FinancialController.class);

    @DubboReference
    private TransactionService transactionService;

    @GetMapping("/processTransaction")
    public String processTransaction(@RequestParam String accountId, @RequestParam double amount) {
        logger.info("Processing transaction for account ID: {} and amount: {}", accountId, amount);
        return transactionService.processTransaction(accountId, amount);
    }
}

4.3 配置Dubbo消费

frontend-application/src/main/java/com/example/frontend/config 目录下创建 DubboConsumerConfig 类:

package com.example.frontend.config;

import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@EnableDubbo(scanBasePackages = "com.example.frontend.controller")
public class DubboConsumerConfig {
}

4.4 创建启动类

frontend-application/src/main/java/com/example/frontend 目录下创建 FrontendApplication 类:

package com.example.frontend;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class FrontendApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FrontendApplication.class, args);
    }
}

4.5 配置文件

frontend-application/src/main/resources 目录下创建 application.yml 配置文件:

spring:
  application:
    name: frontend-application

dubbo:
  application:
    name: frontend-application
  registry:
    address: zookeeper://localhost:2181
  protocol:
    name: dubbo
  scan:
    base-packages: com.example.frontend.controller

logging:
  level:
    com.example.frontend: INFO
  file:
    name: logs/frontend-application.log

5. 根项目的 pom.xml

在根项目 financial-system 中创建 pom.xml 文件,定义模块和依赖管理:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/POM/4.0.0 http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>financial-system</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>
        <module>dubbo-api</module>
        <module>account-service</module>
        <module>transaction-service</module>
        <module>risk-service</module>
        <module>frontend-application</module>
    </modules>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
                <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
                <version>2.7.8</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
                <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>2.7.8</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.8.1</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>1.8</source>
                        <target>1.8</target>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

6. 启动Zookeeper

确保Zookeeper在本地运行,默认端口为 2181。可以通过下载Zookeeper并运行以下命令启动Zookeeper:

bin/zkServer.sh start

7. 启动服务提供者和消费者

  1. 启动账户服务:运行 AccountServiceApplication 类。
  2. 启动交易服务:运行 TransactionServiceApplication 类。
  3. 启动风控服务:运行 RiskServiceApplication 类。
  4. 启动前端应用:运行 FrontendApplication 类。

8. 测试服务

访问前端应用的交易处理接口:

curl http://localhost:8080/processTransaction?accountId=12345&amount=5000

9. 总结

通过以上步骤,我们设计并实现了一个金融系统中的Dubbo服务,包含服务接口定义、各个服务提供者实现、服务消费者调用、服务注册与发现、配置管理等功能。这样可以确保服务能够在金融系统的微服务架构中正常工作,并且能够应对不同的业务需求。