【总结】逻辑运算在Z3中运用+CTF习题

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国际赛IrisCTF在前几天举办,遇到了一道有意思的题目,特来总结。

题目

附件如下:📎babyrevjohnson.tar

解题过程

关键main函数分析如下:

int __fastcall main(int argc, const char **argv, const char  **envp)  {  int v4; // [rsp+4h] [rbp-7Ch]  int v5; // [rsp+4h] [rbp-7Ch]  int v6; // [rsp+8h] [rbp-78h]  int v7; // [rsp+Ch] [rbp-74h]  char input[104]; // [rsp+10h] [rbp-70h] BYREF  unsigned __int64 v9; // [rsp+78h] [rbp-8h]  v9 = __readfsqword(0x28u);  puts("Welcome to the Johnson's family!");  puts("You have gotten to know each person decently well, so let's see  if you remember all of the facts.");  puts("(Remember that each of the members like different things from  each other.)");  v4 = 0;  while ( v4 <= 3 ) // 在提供的颜色中,选择4种  {  printf("Please choose %s's favorite color: ", (&names)[v4]);//  4个人  __isoc99_scanf("%99s", input);  if ( !strcmp(input, colors) )  {  v6 = 1; // red  goto LABEL_11;  }  if ( !strcmp(input, s2) )  {  v6 = 2; // blue  goto LABEL_11;  }  if ( !strcmp(input, off_4050) )  {  v6 = 3; // green  goto LABEL_11;  }  if ( !strcmp(input, off_4058) )  {  v6 = 4; // yellow  LABEL_11:  if ( v6 == chosenColors[0] || v6 == dword_4094 || v6 ==  dword_4098 || v6 == dword_409C )// 选择4个颜色,然后顺序不能一样  puts("That option was already chosen!");  else  chosenColors[v4++] = v6; // 存储选择的颜色(已经转换成了数字)  }  else  {  puts("Invalid color!");  }  }  v5 = 0;  while ( v5 <= 3 )  {  printf("Please choose %s's favorite food: ", (&names)[v5]);//  4个人最喜欢的食物  __isoc99_scanf("%99s", input);  if ( !strcmp(input, foods) )  {  v7 = 1; // pizza  goto LABEL_28;  }  if ( !strcmp(input, off_4068) )  {  v7 = 2; // pasta  goto LABEL_28;  }  if ( !strcmp(input, off_4070) )  {  v7 = 3; // steak  goto LABEL_28;  }  if ( !strcmp(input, off_4078) )  {  v7 = 4; // chicken  LABEL_28:  if ( v7 == chosenFoods[0] || v7 == dword_40A4 || v7 == dword_40A8  || v7 == dword_40AC )  puts("That option was already chosen!");  else  chosenFoods[v5++] = v7;  }  else  {  puts("Invalid food!");  }  }  check(); // 开始check,检测我们输入的颜色和食物是否正确  return 0;​  }  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

将check提取出来,我们方便分析

其实到这里已经可以得到结果了,国外的题目确实很讲究趣味性,用颜色和食物作为导向,引导一步一步分析

笔者使用静态分析的方法,一步一步跟踪

C++

 int check()  {  bool v0; // dl  _BOOL4 v1; // eax  _BOOL4 v2; // edx  v0 = dword_40A8 != 2 && dword_40AC != 2;    v1 = v0 && dword_4094 != 1;  v2 = chosenColors[0] != 3 && dword_4094 != 3;  if ( !v2 || !v1 || chosenFoods[0] != 4 || dword_40AC == 3 ||  dword_4098 == 4 || dword_409C != 2 )  return puts("Incorrect.");  puts("Correct!");  return system("cat flag.txt"); // 执行cat flag的命令​  }  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

对应的输入值地址如下:

我们将颜色color数组用x系列表示,将食物用food数组y系列表示

化简如下:

 C++  v0 = y3 != 2 && y4 != 2;    v1 = v0 && x2 != 1;  v2 = x1 != 3 && x2 != 3;  if ( !v2 || !v1 || y1 != 4 || y4 == 3 || x3 == 4 || x4 != 2  )  {  //错误  }  else  {  //成功​  }  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

思路1:简单粗暴的爆破,但不是学习的目的,因此并不采用

思路2:锻炼写脚本能力,使用z3解题可以锻炼写脚本的能力,因此采用

Python

  from z3 import *    # 创建变量  x1, x2, x3, x4 = Ints('x1 x2 x3 x4')  y1, y2, y3, y4 = Ints('y1 y2 y3 y4')    # 创建约束条件  v0 = And(y3 != 2, y4 != 2)  v1 = And(v0, x2 != 1)  v2 = And(x1 != 3, x2 != 3)    # 创建条件语句  cond = Or(Not(v2), Not(v1), y1 != 4, y4 == 3, x3 == 4, x4 != 2)  cond1 = Not(cond)  #正常来说,cond的值要为false的,但是z3的add添加的条件必须为1才行,因此要进行取反操作  # 创建求解器  solver = Solver()    # 添加约束条件和条件语句到求解器  solver.add(cond1)#这里添加的条件必须为true,所以最后使用了 not 进行取反操作    # 求解  if solver.check() == sat:  # 如果有解,则获取解  model = solver.model()    # 打印解  print("成功:")  print("x1 =", model[x1])  print("x2 =", model[x2])  print("x3 =", model[x3])  print("x4 =", model[x4])  print("y1 =", model[y1])  print("y2 =", model[y2])  print("y3 =", model[y3])  print("y4 =", model[y4])  else:​  print("无解")  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

得到结果

Python

  成功:  x1 = 4  x2 = 0  x3 = 5  x4 = 2  y1 = 4  y2 = None  y3 = 3​  y4 = 0  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

其实有经验的师傅发现了,这是有多解的,因为没有为约束变量添加范围约束

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改进之后的代码如下:

Python

  from z3 import *    # 创建变量  x1, x2, x3, x4 = Ints('x1 x2 x3 x4')  y1, y2, y3, y4 = Ints('y1 y2 y3 y4')    # 创建约束条件  v0 = And(y3 != 2, y4 != 2)  v1 = And(v0, x2 != 1)  v2 = And(x1 != 3, x2 != 3)  range_constraint = And(x1 >= 1, x1 <= 4, x2 >= 1, x2 <= 4, x3 >= 1, x3 <= 4, x4  >= 1, x4 <= 4,  y1 >= 1, y1 <= 4, y2 >= 1, y2 <= 4, y3 >= 1, y3 <= 4, y4 >= 1, y4 <= 4)  # 创建条件语句  cond = Or(Not(v2), Not(v1), y1 != 4, y4 == 3, x3 == 4, x4 != 2)  cond1 = Not(cond)  #正常来说,cond的值要为false的,但是z3的add添加的条件必须为1才行,因此要进行取反操作  # 创建求解器  solver = Solver()    # 添加约束条件和条件语句到求解器  solver.add(cond1)#这里添加的条件必须为true,所以最后使用了 not 进行取反操作  solver.add(range_constraint)  # 求解  if solver.check() == sat:  # 如果有解,则获取解  model = solver.model()    # 打印解  print("成功:")  print("x1 =", model[x1])  print("x2 =", model[x2])  print("x3 =", model[x3])  print("x4 =", model[x4])  print("y1 =", model[y1])  print("y2 =", model[y2])  print("y3 =", model[y3])  print("y4 =", model[y4])  else:​  print("无解")  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------​---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------​得到结果:​-----------------------------------------------------------------------​  Python  成功:  x1 = 1  x2 = 4  x3 = 1  x4 = 2  y1 = 4  y2 = 1  y3 = 3​  y4 = 4  -----------------------------------------------------------------------

发现x1和x3重复了,因此还要添加值不重复约束

 Python  from z3 import *    # 创建变量  x1, x2, x3, x4 = Ints('x1 x2 x3 x4')  y1, y2, y3, y4 = Ints('y1 y2 y3 y4')    # 创建约束条件  v0 = And(y3 != 2, y4 != 2)  v1 = And(v0, x2 != 1)  v2 = And(x1 != 3, x2 != 3)  #值范围约束  range_constraint = And(x1 >= 1, x1 <= 4, x2 >= 1, x2 <= 4, x3 >= 1, x3 <= 4, x4  >= 1, x4 <= 4,  y1 >= 1, y1 <= 4, y2 >= 1, y2 <= 4, y3 >= 1, y3 <= 4, y4 >= 1, y4 <= 4)  #非重复值约束  distinct_x=Distinct(x1,x2,x3,x4)  distinct_y=Distinct(y1,y2,y3,y4)    # 创建条件语句  cond = Or(Not(v2), Not(v1), y1 != 4, y4 == 3, x3 == 4, x4 != 2)  cond1 = Not(cond)  #正常来说,cond的值要为false的,但是z3的add添加的条件必须为1才行,因此要进行取反操作  # 创建求解器  solver = Solver()    # 添加约束条件和条件语句到求解器  solver.add(cond1)#这里添加的条件必须为true,所以最后使用了 not 进行取反操作  solver.add(range_constraint)  solver.add(distinct_y)  solver.add(distinct_x)  # 求解  if solver.check() == sat:  # 如果有解,则获取解  model = solver.model()    # 打印解  print("成功:")  print("x1 =", model[x1])  print("x2 =", model[x2])  print("x3 =", model[x3])  print("x4 =", model[x4])  print("y1 =", model[y1])  print("y2 =", model[y2])  print("y3 =", model[y3])  print("y4 =", model[y4])  else:​  print("无解")  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

最终得到正确的结果

Python 成功: x1 = 1 x2 = 4 x3 = 3 x4 = 2 y1 = 4 y2 = 2 y3 = 3

y4 = 1

x1-x4= 1 4 3 2

y1-y4= 4 2 3 1

按照这样的顺序输入即可:

得到了flag

irisctf{m0r3_th4n_0n3_l0g1c_puzzl3_h3r3}

总结

题目并不是很难,没有复杂的ollvm混淆也没有复杂的加密。但是却一步一步引导我们去学习和总结。z3解题的过程中,会有很多误解,然后经过自己的思考总结,发现了漏掉的东西,再进行补充,最终写出正确的脚本。

国外的题还是很值得学习的,不单单为了出题而出题。这就是逻辑运算在z3的运用以及如何增加约束,让z3求解出我们需要的key。