mongo数据库中获取嵌套指定字段方式

mongo数据库中获取嵌套指定字段方式

场景

在mongo数据库中，由于内存等性能原因不能获取整个文档，且需要获取文档中嵌套的部分字段值（其余字段值不需要），并将字段提取到嵌套外的情况下，通过MongoTemplate在软件层面获取指定字段的方法。

数据结构

假设需要在下列文档中获取_id、name、age、address.city、address.zipcode字段，无需获取address.street字段

mongo数据库中格式如下

{
    "_id" : "1",
    "name" : "zhangsan",
    "age" : NumberInt(18),
    "address" : {
        "city" : "北京市",
        "street" : "海淀街道",
        "zipcode" : [
            "100080",
            "100000"
        ]
    },
    "_class" : "com.example.demo.dto.User"
}

Java中类结构如下

public class User {
    @Id
    public String id;
    public String name;
    public Integer age;
    public Address address;
}

public class Address {
    public String city;
    public String street;
    public List<String> zipcode;
}

方法

通过创建扩展类对象，结合聚合管道方式进行解决核心逻辑如下

1. 创建用户扩展类对象，并声明需要脱离嵌套的字段

   public class UserExtend extends User{
       List<String> zipcode;
   }
   

2. 使用聚合管道

   //构建基础聚合管道
   List<AggregationOperation> operations = new ArrayList<>();
   operations.add(Aggregation.project(new String[]{"_id","name", "age"})
           .and("address.city").as("city")
           .and("address.zipcode").as("zipcode")
   );
   //其他还可按需加入
   //查询
   Aggregation aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(operations);
   AggregationResults<UserExtend> results = mongoTemplate.aggregate(
           aggregation,
           "userInfo",
           UserExtend.class
   );
   List<UserExtend> mappedResults = results.getMappedResults();
   

完整代码逻辑如下

代码

controller层

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    
    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/findWithoutStreet", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public Result getUserWithoutStreet(@RequestParam String id) {
        return userService.getUserWithoutStreet(id);
    }

}

service层

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    UserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public Result getUserWithoutStreet(String id) {
        User user = userDao.getUserWithoutStreet(id);
        return Result.success(user);
    }
    
}

dao层

@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

    @Autowired
    private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;

    @Override
    public User getUserWithoutStreet(String id) {
        Query query = new Query();
        query.addCriteria(
                Criteria.where("_id").is(id)
        );
        //构建基础聚合管道
        List<AggregationOperation> operations = new ArrayList<>();
        operations.add(Aggregation.project(new String[]{"_id","name", "age"})
                .and("address.city").as("city")
                .and("address.zipcode").as("zipcode")
        );
        //其他还可按需加入

        //查询
        Aggregation aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(operations);
        AggregationResults<UserExtend> results = mongoTemplate.aggregate(
                aggregation,
                "userInfo",
                UserExtend.class
        );
        List<UserExtend> mappedResults = results.getMappedResults();
        return mappedResults.get(0);
    }
}

以上为针对该问题的逻辑代码