代码随想录算法训练营day34

动态规划 对于动态规划问题，我将拆解为如下五步曲，这五步都搞清楚了，才能说把动态规划真的掌握了！

确定dp数组（dp table）以及下标的含义 确定递推公式 dp数组如何初始化 确定遍历顺序 举例推导dp数组

509.斐波那契数列/70.爬楼梯

class Solution {
public:
    int fib(int n) {
        if(n<=1) return n;
        //确定递推数组
        vector<int> dp(n+1);
        //初始化
        dp[0]=0;
        dp[1]=1;
        //确定递推关系
        for(int i=2;i<=n;i++){
            dp[i]=dp[i-1]+dp[i-2];
        }
        return dp[n];
    }
};

746.使用最小花费爬楼梯

class Solution {
public:
    int minCostClimbingStairs(vector<int>& cost) {
        vector<int> dp(cost.size() + 1);
        dp[0] = 0; // 默认第一步都是不花费体力的
        dp[1] = 0;
        for (int i = 2; i <= cost.size(); i++) {
            dp[i] = min(dp[i - 1] + cost[i - 1], dp[i - 2] + cost[i - 2]);
        }
        return dp[cost.size()];
    }
};

62 不同路径问题

class Solution {
public:
    int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {
        vector<vector<int>> dp(m, vector<int>(n, 0));//设计存储数组
        //初始化
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) dp[i][0] = 1;
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) dp[0][j] = 1;
        //递推迭代
         for (int i = 1; i < m; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j < n; j++) {
                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + dp[i][j - 1];
            }
        }
        return dp[m - 1][n - 1];
    }
};

63 不同路径问题II

class Solution {
public:
    int uniquePathsWithObstacles(vector<vector<int>>& obstacleGrid) {
        int m = obstacleGrid.size();
        int n = obstacleGrid[0].size();
        if (obstacleGrid[m - 1][n - 1] == 1 || obstacleGrid[0][0] == 1) //如果在起点或终点出现了障碍，直接返回0
            return 0;
        vector<vector<int>> dp(m, vector<int>(n, 0));
        for (int i = 0; i < m && obstacleGrid[i][0] == 0; i++) dp[i][0] = 1;
        for (int j = 0; j < n && obstacleGrid[0][j] == 0; j++) dp[0][j] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i < m; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j < n; j++) {
                if (obstacleGrid[i][j] == 1) continue;
                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + dp[i][j - 1];
            }
        }
        return dp[m - 1][n - 1];
        
    }
};

343.整数拆分

class Solution {
public:
    int integerBreak(int n) {
          vector<int> dp(n + 1);
        dp[2] = 1;
        for (int i = 3; i <= n ; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= i / 2; j++) {
                dp[i] = max(dp[i], max((i - j) * j, dp[i - j] * j));
            }
        }
        return dp[n];
        
    }
};

96.不同的二叉搜索树

class Solution {
public:
    int numTrees(int n) {
           vector<int> dp(n + 1);
        dp[0] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
                dp[i] += dp[j - 1] * dp[i - j];
            }
        }
        return dp[n];
        
    }
};