剑雅 14 Test 1 Listening 3 (C14T1L3) Cities built by the sea (依海而建的城市) 复盘
Section 3 Cities built by the sea (C14T1L3)
第 21 题:Carla and Rob were surprised to learn that coastal cities...
- 题干关键词 (Keywords):
surprised(惊讶/没想到)coastal cities(沿海城市)
- 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
surprised->I'd not realised that before/Nor mecoastal cities->cities ... built by the seaworld's largest cities(正确选项 B) ->biggest cities
- 原文定位 (Evidence):
- Sentence 6: "But most of the
biggest citiesare actuallybuilt by the sea.I'd not realised that before." - Sentence 7: "ROB:
Nor me."
- Sentence 6: "But most of the
- 解析 & 避坑指南:
- 正确逻辑 (选 B):Carla 提到最大的城市大多建在海边,并感叹“我之前都没意识到”,Rob 附和。
- 干扰项 A (half the world's population):Sentence 5 确实提到了
half the world's population,但 Carla 在 Sentence 6 开头用though进行了转折(that's all cities),指正那是指所有城市,而非仅指沿海城市。
第 22 题:According to Rob, building coastal cities near to rivers...
- 题干关键词 (Keywords):
Robnear to rivers
- 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
pollution(正确选项 A) ->pollutantsbring to->discharged into...brought downstreamreduce the land(干扰项 B) ->spread further inland(逻辑矛盾)
- 原文定位 (Evidence):
- Sentence 9: "As the city
expands, agriculture and industry tend tospread further inlandalong the rivers..." - Sentence 10: "...it means more and more
pollutantsaredischarged into the rivers." - Sentence 11: "CARLA: So these are
brought downstream to the cities?"
- Sentence 9: "As the city
- 解析 & 避坑指南:
- 正确逻辑 (选 A):Rob 指出随着城市和农业扩张,污染物(pollutants)排入河流,Carla 补充说这些会被带到下游的城市(brought downstream to the cities)。
- 干扰项 B (may reduce the land available for agriculture):这是反义陷阱。原文 Sentence 9 说农业倾向于
spread further inland(向内陆蔓延/扩散),这意味着农业用地在移动或扩张,而非reduce(减少)。听到agriculture原词时,务必检查动词方向(Spread vs Reduce)。
第 23 题:What mistake was made when building water drainage channels in Miami in the 1950s?
- 题干关键词 (Keywords):
mistakedrainage channelsMiami/1950s
- 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
mistake->didn't take into account/faultyclimate change(正确选项 C) ->global warming
- 原文定位 (Evidence):
- Sentence 16: "But what they
didn't take into accountwasglobal warming." - Sentence 18: "The whole design was
faulty."
- Sentence 16: "But what they
- 解析 & 避坑指南:
- 正确逻辑 (选 C):原文明确指出他们的错误(faulty / didn't take into account)是没考虑到
global warming(即 climate change)。 - 干扰项 B (unsuitable materials):原文未提及材料问题,只提及花了钱(spent money)。
- 正确逻辑 (选 C):原文明确指出他们的错误(faulty / didn't take into account)是没考虑到
第 24 题:What do Rob and Carla think that the authorities in Miami should do immediately?
- 题干关键词 (Keywords):
authoritiesimmediately
- 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
immediately->nowpay for(正确选项 B) ->find the moneynew flood prevention system->something to replace the drainage channels
- 原文定位 (Evidence):
- Sentence 22: "ROB: No. Really they just need to
find the moneyforsomething to replace the drainage channelsin order to protect against floodingnow."
- Sentence 22: "ROB: No. Really they just need to
- 解析 & 避坑指南:
- 正确逻辑 (选 B):需要
find the money(筹钱/支付)来replace channels(更换系统),时间点是now(现在/immediately)。 - 干扰项 A (restore ecosystems):Sentence 22 后半段提到了
restore和ecosystem,但 Rob 强调那是in the long term(长期),不符合题目要求的immediately。
- 正确逻辑 (选 B):需要
第 25 题:What do they agree should be the priority for international action?
- 题干关键词 (Keywords):
priorityinternational action
- 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
international action->international levelcoordination(正确选项 A) ->acting together/work together
- 原文定位 (Evidence):
- Sentence 23: "...they've got to start
acting togetherat an international level..." - Sentence 24: "...so they should be able to
work togetherto some extent."
- Sentence 23: "...they've got to start
- 解析 & 避坑指南:
- 正确逻辑 (选 A):两人达成一致的核心动作是
acting together和work together,这正是coordination(协作/协调)的同义替换。
- 正确逻辑 (选 A):两人达成一致的核心动作是
第 26 题:Historical background
- 题干关键词 (Keywords):
Historical background
- 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
Keep it short(正确选项 B) ->don't want to spend too long
- 原文定位 (Evidence):
- Sentence 29: "But we
don't want to spend too longon that."
- Sentence 29: "But we
- 解析 & 避坑指南:
- 正确逻辑 (选 B):否定形式的同义替换,“不想花太久” = 保持简短(Keep it short)。
第 27 题:Geographical factors
- 题干关键词 (Keywords):
Geographical factors
- 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
use visuals(正确选项 A) ->slides/maps
- 原文定位 (Evidence):
- Sentence 31: "ROB: On a handout you mean? Or some
slideseveryone can see?" - Sentence 32: "CARLA: Yeah, that'd be better."
- Sentence 31: "ROB: On a handout you mean? Or some
- 解析 & 避坑指南:
- 正确逻辑 (选 A):Rob 提议用
slides(幻灯片),Carla 确认这比 handout 更好。Slides 属于 Visuals。
- 正确逻辑 (选 A):Rob 提议用
第 28 题:Past mistakes
- 题干关键词 (Keywords):
Past mistakes
- 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
Focus on one example(正确选项 F) ->case study/use that as the basis
- 原文定位 (Evidence):
- Sentence 33: "Did you read that
case studyof the problems there were in New Orleans...?" - Sentence 34: "CARLA: Yes. We could
use that as the basisfor that part of the talk."
- Sentence 33: "Did you read that
- 解析 & 避坑指南:
- 正确逻辑 (选 F):原文用
case study(案例研究)和具体的城市名(New Orleans)指代one example,并决定以此为basis(基础/核心)。
- 正确逻辑 (选 F):原文用
第 29 题:Future risks
- 题干关键词 (Keywords):
Future risks
- 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
do online research(正确选项 G) ->look at some websites
- 原文定位 (Evidence):
- Sentence 39: "ROB: No. We'll need to
look at some websites."
- Sentence 39: "ROB: No. We'll need to
- 解析 & 避坑指南:
- 正确逻辑 (选 G):Carla 说信息不够,Rob 提议看
websites,直接对应online research。
- 正确逻辑 (选 G):Carla 说信息不够,Rob 提议看
第 30 题:International implications
- 题干关键词 (Keywords):
International implications
- 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
involve other students(正确选项 C) ->ask people in the audience
- 原文定位 (Evidence):
- Sentence 40: "Maybe we could
ask people in the audience."
- Sentence 40: "Maybe we could
- 解析 & 避坑指南:
- 正确逻辑 (选 C):在 Student Presentation(学生展示)的语境下,
audience(观众)即other students。Ask(提问)即Involve(让...参与)。 - 干扰项 D (check the information is accurate):你选了 D,可能是因为前面一直在讲“查资料/做研究”,但在本段 Sentence 40 中,重点转向了与观众的互动(ask people)。
- 正确逻辑 (选 C):在 Student Presentation(学生展示)的语境下,
Erosion 与 Erode 的词形变换
在听力 Section 4 中,考官常考察“水土流失”这一概念,需根据句子结构灵活判断词性。
| 词汇 | 词性 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|
erode | 动词 | 侵蚀,腐蚀 |
erosion | 名词 | 侵蚀(过程) |
- 常见搭配:
Soil erosion(水土流失),Coastal erosion(海岸侵蚀) - 助记技巧:-de 结尾变 -sion。类似于
Explode→Explosion,Decide→Decision。 - 实际应用:The heavy rain caused severe
erosionof the river banks.(大雨导致河岸严重侵蚀。)
Pollutants 与 Pollution 的精准区分
虽然都与污染有关,但在填空题中混用会导致语法错误失分。
| 词汇 | 属性 | 含义 | 考点提示 |
|---|---|---|---|
Pollution | 不可数 / 抽象 | 污染(状态/过程) | 宏观概念 |
Pollutants | 可数 / 具体 | 污染物(具体物质) | 若前有 a range of/various,必加 s |
- 拼写预警:中间是双写
ll,结尾是-ant(联想:ant蚂蚁是具体的东西 →pollutant是具体的污染物)。 - 实际应用:Factories release harmful
pollutantsinto the air.(工厂向空气中排放有害污染物。)
同义替换王者:Take into account
这是学术场景(Section 3/4)中出现频率极高的表达,常与 consider 互换。
- 含义:考虑;重视;把...计算在内。
- 听力陷阱:卷面印
consider,音频读take into account(或反之)。 - 语序灵活:
take [something] into accounttake into account [something](当宾语较长时)
- 实际应用:When planning the project, you must
take your budgets into account.(规划项目时,你必须考虑到预算。)
Extent vs Extend:程度与延长的辨析
读音相似但词义和词性完全不同,需通过上下文逻辑判断。
| 词汇 | 词性 | 含义 | 联想记忆(程序员版) |
|---|---|---|---|
Extend | 动词 | 延长、延伸、扩展 | 像代码继承 Class B extends A,功能扩展了 |
Extent | 名词 | 程度、范围 | 像一个变量 int extent,存储某种程度的值 |
- 实际应用:We need to
extendthe memory capacity because theextentof the data leakage is huge.(我们需要扩充内存,因为数据泄漏的程度很大。)
Drainage 与 Drain 的学术搭配
在描述城市规划或农业设施时,用词需准确。
- 辨析:
Drain:通常指具体的排水管、下水道口。Drainage:指宏观的排水系统、排水过程。
- 固定搭配:
Drainage system(排水系统)。 - 实际应用:The city has a poor
drainagesystem, which leads to floods.(这座城市排水系统糟糕,导致洪水。)
Discharged 的多义性与逻辑链
在环境话题中,该词常作为污染的源头动作出现。
- 含义:
- 排放(液体/气体/废料) -> 雅思环境类考点
- 出院(病人)
- 放电(电池)
- 逻辑链条:Factory
discharged(排放) →Pollutants(污染物) →Pollution(污染)。 - 实际应用:The chemical factory has
dischargedtoxic waste into the water.(化工厂向水中排放了有毒废料。)
Faulty:万能的“故障”形容词
横跨生活类(S1)和学术类(S4)的高频词。
- 含义:有缺陷的,有错误的,出毛病的。
- 应用场景:
- S1:退货理由(e.g.,
faultykeyboard)。 - S4:工程/设计缺陷(e.g.,
faultydesign/logic)。
- S1:退货理由(e.g.,
- 实际应用:The
drainagesystem is old andfaulty.(排水系统老化且有缺陷。)
地理方位词组 (The Geography Pack)
在地图题或地理流程图中,这组词常按河流流向顺序出现。
| 词汇 | 含义 | 场景/图示位置 |
|---|---|---|
Inland | 内陆 | 远离海岸的区域,河流发源地附近 |
Downstream | 下游 | 顺流而下的方向 |
Estuaries | 河口 | 河流与大海交汇的喇叭口区域 |
- 实际应用:The river flows from
inlandareas, carries nutrientsdownstream, and finally reaches theestuaries.(河流流经内陆,顺流带下营养物质,最终抵达河口。)