用 chatgpt 学习英语 83/n C14T1L3 Cities built by the sea (依海而建的城市)

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剑雅 14 Test 1 Listening 3 (C14T1L3) Cities built by the sea (依海而建的城市) 复盘

Section 3 Cities built by the sea (C14T1L3)

Listen 3

第 21 题:Carla and Rob were surprised to learn that coastal cities...

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords):
    • surprised (惊讶/没想到)
    • coastal cities (沿海城市)
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
    • surprised -> I'd not realised that before / Nor me
    • coastal cities -> cities ... built by the sea
    • world's largest cities (正确选项 B) -> biggest cities
  • 原文定位 (Evidence):
    • Sentence 6: "But most of the biggest cities are actually built by the sea. I'd not realised that before."
    • Sentence 7: "ROB: Nor me."
  • 解析 & 避坑指南:
    • 正确逻辑 (选 B):Carla 提到最大的城市大多建在海边,并感叹“我之前都没意识到”,Rob 附和。
    • 干扰项 A (half the world's population):Sentence 5 确实提到了 half the world's population,但 Carla 在 Sentence 6 开头用 though 进行了转折(that's all cities),指正那是指所有城市,而非仅指沿海城市。

第 22 题:According to Rob, building coastal cities near to rivers...

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords):
    • Rob
    • near to rivers
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
    • pollution (正确选项 A) -> pollutants
    • bring to -> discharged into ... brought downstream
    • reduce the land (干扰项 B) -> spread further inland (逻辑矛盾)
  • 原文定位 (Evidence):
    • Sentence 9: "As the city expands, agriculture and industry tend to spread further inland along the rivers..."
    • Sentence 10: "...it means more and more pollutants are discharged into the rivers."
    • Sentence 11: "CARLA: So these are brought downstream to the cities?"
  • 解析 & 避坑指南:
    • 正确逻辑 (选 A):Rob 指出随着城市和农业扩张,污染物(pollutants)排入河流,Carla 补充说这些会被带到下游的城市(brought downstream to the cities)。
    • 干扰项 B (may reduce the land available for agriculture):这是反义陷阱。原文 Sentence 9 说农业倾向于 spread further inland(向内陆蔓延/扩散),这意味着农业用地在移动或扩张,而非 reduce(减少)。听到 agriculture 原词时,务必检查动词方向(Spread vs Reduce)。

第 23 题:What mistake was made when building water drainage channels in Miami in the 1950s?

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords):
    • mistake
    • drainage channels
    • Miami / 1950s
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
    • mistake -> didn't take into account / faulty
    • climate change (正确选项 C) -> global warming
  • 原文定位 (Evidence):
    • Sentence 16: "But what they didn't take into account was global warming."
    • Sentence 18: "The whole design was faulty."
  • 解析 & 避坑指南:
    • 正确逻辑 (选 C):原文明确指出他们的错误(faulty / didn't take into account)是没考虑到 global warming(即 climate change)。
    • 干扰项 B (unsuitable materials):原文未提及材料问题,只提及花了钱(spent money)。

第 24 题:What do Rob and Carla think that the authorities in Miami should do immediately?

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords):
    • authorities
    • immediately
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
    • immediately -> now
    • pay for (正确选项 B) -> find the money
    • new flood prevention system -> something to replace the drainage channels
  • 原文定位 (Evidence):
    • Sentence 22: "ROB: No. Really they just need to find the money for something to replace the drainage channels in order to protect against flooding now."
  • 解析 & 避坑指南:
    • 正确逻辑 (选 B):需要 find the money(筹钱/支付)来 replace channels(更换系统),时间点是 now(现在/immediately)。
    • 干扰项 A (restore ecosystems):Sentence 22 后半段提到了 restoreecosystem,但 Rob 强调那是 in the long term(长期),不符合题目要求的 immediately

第 25 题:What do they agree should be the priority for international action?

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords):
    • priority
    • international action
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
    • international action -> international level
    • coordination (正确选项 A) -> acting together / work together
  • 原文定位 (Evidence):
    • Sentence 23: "...they've got to start acting together at an international level..."
    • Sentence 24: "...so they should be able to work together to some extent."
  • 解析 & 避坑指南:
    • 正确逻辑 (选 A):两人达成一致的核心动作是 acting togetherwork together,这正是 coordination(协作/协调)的同义替换。

第 26 题:Historical background

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords):
    • Historical background
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
    • Keep it short (正确选项 B) -> don't want to spend too long
  • 原文定位 (Evidence):
    • Sentence 29: "But we don't want to spend too long on that."
  • 解析 & 避坑指南:
    • 正确逻辑 (选 B):否定形式的同义替换,“不想花太久” = 保持简短(Keep it short)。

第 27 题:Geographical factors

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords):
    • Geographical factors
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
    • use visuals (正确选项 A) -> slides / maps
  • 原文定位 (Evidence):
    • Sentence 31: "ROB: On a handout you mean? Or some slides everyone can see?"
    • Sentence 32: "CARLA: Yeah, that'd be better."
  • 解析 & 避坑指南:
    • 正确逻辑 (选 A):Rob 提议用 slides(幻灯片),Carla 确认这比 handout 更好。Slides 属于 Visuals。

第 28 题:Past mistakes

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords):
    • Past mistakes
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
    • Focus on one example (正确选项 F) -> case study / use that as the basis
  • 原文定位 (Evidence):
    • Sentence 33: "Did you read that case study of the problems there were in New Orleans...?"
    • Sentence 34: "CARLA: Yes. We could use that as the basis for that part of the talk."
  • 解析 & 避坑指南:
    • 正确逻辑 (选 F):原文用 case study(案例研究)和具体的城市名(New Orleans)指代 one example,并决定以此为 basis(基础/核心)。

第 29 题:Future risks

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords):
    • Future risks
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
    • do online research (正确选项 G) -> look at some websites
  • 原文定位 (Evidence):
    • Sentence 39: "ROB: No. We'll need to look at some websites."
  • 解析 & 避坑指南:
    • 正确逻辑 (选 G):Carla 说信息不够,Rob 提议看 websites,直接对应 online research

第 30 题:International implications

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords):
    • International implications
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing):
    • involve other students (正确选项 C) -> ask people in the audience
  • 原文定位 (Evidence):
    • Sentence 40: "Maybe we could ask people in the audience."
  • 解析 & 避坑指南:
    • 正确逻辑 (选 C):在 Student Presentation(学生展示)的语境下,audience(观众)即 other studentsAsk(提问)即 Involve(让...参与)。
    • 干扰项 D (check the information is accurate):你选了 D,可能是因为前面一直在讲“查资料/做研究”,但在本段 Sentence 40 中,重点转向了与观众的互动(ask people)。

Erosion 与 Erode 的词形变换

在听力 Section 4 中,考官常考察“水土流失”这一概念,需根据句子结构灵活判断词性。

词汇词性含义
erode动词侵蚀,腐蚀
erosion名词侵蚀(过程)
  • 常见搭配Soil erosion (水土流失), Coastal erosion (海岸侵蚀)
  • 助记技巧-de 结尾变 -sion。类似于 ExplodeExplosion, DecideDecision
  • 实际应用:The heavy rain caused severe erosion of the river banks.(大雨导致河岸严重侵蚀。)

Pollutants 与 Pollution 的精准区分

虽然都与污染有关,但在填空题中混用会导致语法错误失分。

词汇属性含义考点提示
Pollution不可数 / 抽象污染(状态/过程)宏观概念
Pollutants可数 / 具体污染物(具体物质)若前有 a range of/various,必加 s
  • 拼写预警:中间是双写 ll,结尾是 -ant (联想:ant 蚂蚁是具体的东西 → pollutant 是具体的污染物)。
  • 实际应用:Factories release harmful pollutants into the air.(工厂向空气中排放有害污染物。)

同义替换王者:Take into account

这是学术场景(Section 3/4)中出现频率极高的表达,常与 consider 互换。

  • 含义:考虑;重视;把...计算在内。
  • 听力陷阱:卷面印 consider,音频读 take into account(或反之)。
  • 语序灵活
    1. take [something] into account
    2. take into account [something] (当宾语较长时)
  • 实际应用:When planning the project, you must take your budgets into account.(规划项目时,你必须考虑到预算。)

Extent vs Extend:程度与延长的辨析

读音相似但词义和词性完全不同,需通过上下文逻辑判断。

词汇词性含义联想记忆(程序员版)
Extend动词延长、延伸、扩展像代码继承 Class B extends A,功能扩展了
Extent名词程度、范围像一个变量 int extent,存储某种程度的值
  • 实际应用:We need to extend the memory capacity because the extent of the data leakage is huge.(我们需要扩充内存,因为数据泄漏的程度很大。)

Drainage 与 Drain 的学术搭配

在描述城市规划或农业设施时,用词需准确。

  • 辨析
    • Drain:通常指具体的排水管、下水道口。
    • Drainage:指宏观的排水系统、排水过程。
  • 固定搭配Drainage system(排水系统)。
  • 实际应用:The city has a poor drainage system, which leads to floods.(这座城市排水系统糟糕,导致洪水。)

Discharged 的多义性与逻辑链

在环境话题中,该词常作为污染的源头动作出现。

  • 含义
    1. 排放(液体/气体/废料) -> 雅思环境类考点
    2. 出院(病人)
    3. 放电(电池)
  • 逻辑链条:Factory discharged (排放) → Pollutants (污染物) → Pollution (污染)。
  • 实际应用:The chemical factory has discharged toxic waste into the water.(化工厂向水中排放了有毒废料。)

Faulty:万能的“故障”形容词

横跨生活类(S1)和学术类(S4)的高频词。

  • 含义:有缺陷的,有错误的,出毛病的。
  • 应用场景
    • S1:退货理由(e.g., faulty keyboard)。
    • S4:工程/设计缺陷(e.g., faulty design/logic)。
  • 实际应用:The drainage system is old and faulty.(排水系统老化且有缺陷。)

地理方位词组 (The Geography Pack)

在地图题或地理流程图中,这组词常按河流流向顺序出现。

词汇含义场景/图示位置
Inland内陆远离海岸的区域,河流发源地附近
Downstream下游顺流而下的方向
Estuaries河口河流与大海交汇的喇叭口区域
  • 实际应用:The river flows from inland areas, carries nutrients downstream, and finally reaches the estuaries.(河流流经内陆,顺流带下营养物质,最终抵达河口。)