用 chatgpt 学习英语 73/n C18T2L3 The Laki Eruption

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剑雅 18 Test 2 Listening 3 复盘

Listening 3 The Laki Eruption

Listening 3

第 21 题:Understanding Importance

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords)
    • students think
    • Laki eruption
    • important
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing)
    • important -> significant
    • profound effect on society -> impacted directly and indirectly on political events... social and economic consequences
    • formal study (干扰项) -> make sense of the science
  • 原文定位 (Evidence)
    • Sentence 7:"Michelle: That’s right. But what I found more significant was how it impacted directly and indirectly on political events, as well as having massive social and economic consequences."
  • 名师解析 & 避坑指南
    • 同义替换:答案 C 的 society 被替换成了具体的 political eventssocial and economic consequencesimportant 替换为 significant
    • 干扰项分析
      • A 选项 (most severe):女生虽然提到 huge eruption,但没有说是“most severe”(最高级)。
      • B 选项 (formal study):男生提到 make sense of the science for the first time(第6句),但女生紧接着用转折词 "But"(第7句)否定了这是最重要的点,强调了她认为更重要的是社会影响。
    • 提分建议:听到 But 一定要竖起耳朵,后面的往往才是重点(答案)。不要听到 science 就急着选 B。

第 22 题:Adam's Surprise

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords)
    • surprised
    • Adam
    • observations
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing)
    • number of places -> so many weather stations
    • contradictions (干扰项) -> consistent account (反义)
  • 原文定位 (Evidence)
    • Sentence 11:"Adam: Yeah. I was surprised there were so many weather stations established by that time – so, you know, you can see how the weather changed, often by the hour."
  • 名师解析 & 避坑指南
    • 同义替换number of places 对应原文的 so many weather stations(很多气象站=很多地点)。
    • 干扰项分析
      • B 选项 (contradictions):第10句提到 consistent account(一致的描述),与选项 contradictions(矛盾)意思相反。
    • 提分建议:注意 so many 这种表示数量程度的词,往往对应 numberamount 等词汇。

第 23 题:Contemporary Sources on Haze

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords)
    • Michelle
    • contemporary sources
    • Laki haze
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing)
    • associated with -> blamed... for
    • health issues -> headaches, respiratory issues and asthma attacks
    • ordinary fog (干扰项) -> wasn't the sort of fog they were used to
    • completely blocked out (干扰项) -> covered the sun... strange red colour
  • 原文定位 (Evidence)
    • Sentence 15:"Michelle: Reports from the period blamed the haze for an increase in headaches, respiratory issues and asthma attacks. And they all describe how it covered the sun and made it look a strange red colour."
    • Sentence 13:"They all realised that this wasn’t the sort of fog they were used to..."
  • 名师解析 & 避坑指南
    • 同义替换health issues 是对 headaches(头痛)、respiratory issues(呼吸问题)等具体病症的概括(Generalization)。
    • 干扰项分析
      • A 选项:原文明确说 wasn't the sort of fog(不是那种雾),直接否定。
      • C 选项:原文说遮住了太阳但变成了 strange red colour,说明光线还能透过来,不是 completely blocked out(完全遮挡)。
    • 提分建议:雅思听力常考“具体 vs 抽象”的替换,听到具体的病名要能反应出是 health。注意 completely 这种绝对词通常是陷阱。

第 24 题:Benjamin Franklin Correction

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords)
    • Adam corrects Michelle
    • Benjamin Franklin
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing)
    • first to identify -> beat him to it / realised that before anyone else
    • reason for the haze -> caused by the volcanic eruption
  • 原文定位 (Evidence)
    • Sentence 19:"Michelle: It was Benjamin Franklin who realised that before anyone else."
    • Sentence 20:"Adam: He’s often credited with that, apparently. But a French naturalist beat him to it – I can’t remember his name. I’d have to look it up."
  • 名师解析 & 避坑指南
    • 同义替换beat him to it 是一个地道表达,意思是“抢在他前面做到了”,即 Franklin 不是第一个。
    • 干扰项分析:女生先说 Franklin 是第一个(对应 B),但男生用 But 进行了纠正(Corrects),指出另一个人(French naturalist)比他早。
    • 提分建议:如果你听不懂 beat him to it,听到转折词 But 也要警惕,通常前面的信息会被推翻。

第 25-26 题:Surprising Issues (多选)

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords)
    • surprised
    • Two issues
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing)
    • widespread effects -> as far away as...
    • long-lasting effects -> effects would go on for so long
    • deaths (干扰项) -> You'd expect that
    • speed (干扰项) -> drifted so swiftly (expected)
  • 原文定位 (Evidence)
    • Sentence 23:"Adam: Mmm. You’d expect that – and the fact that the volcanic ash drifted so swiftly – but not that the effects would go on for so long."
    • Sentence 24:"Or that two years after the eruption, strange weather events were being reported as far away as North America and North Africa."
  • 名师解析 & 避坑指南
    • 同义替换go on for so long = long-lastingas far away as = widespread
    • 干扰项分析
      • C (Deaths) & D (Speed):男生明确说 You'd expect that(你会预料到这些),说明这些不让人惊讶(Not surprised)。
    • 提分建议:多选题核心是听“逻辑判断词”。听到 expect 表示“意料之中”(不选),听到 but not 表示“意料之外”(要选)。

第 27 题:Impact on Iceland

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords)
    • Iceland
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing)
    • Animals -> livestock
    • sickness -> poisoned
    • agriculture (干扰项) -> farming
  • 原文定位 (Evidence)
    • Sentence 28:"Michelle: Mmm. One of the most dramatic things there was the effect on livestock as they grazed in the fields."
    • Sentence 29:"They were poisoned because they ate vegetation that had been contaminated with fluorine as a result of the volcanic fallout."
  • 名师解析 & 避坑指南
    • 同义替换livestock(家畜)是 animals 的常见雅思替换词。poisoned 对应 sickness
    • 干扰项分析:第27句虽然提到了 farming(对应 B 选项的 agriculture),但没有提到 predictable,所以 B 不对。

第 28 题:Impact on Egypt

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords)
    • Egypt
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing)
    • severe loss of life -> more people dying than any other country
    • agriculture -> crops failed
  • 原文定位 (Evidence)
    • Sentence 31:"Michelle: It’s so far from where the eruption happened and yet the famine there led to more people dying than any other country. It was worse than the plague."
  • 名师解析 & 避坑指南
    • 同义替换more people dying than any other country(死的人比其他任何国家都多)= most severe loss of life(最高级替换)。
    • 提分建议:注意最高级表达的转换。

第 29 题:Impact on UK

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords)
    • UK
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing)
    • increase in deaths -> mortality rate went up
    • young people -> people under the age of 25
  • 原文定位 (Evidence)
    • Sentence 32:"Adam: OK. Then in the UK the mortality rate went up a lot – presumably from respiratory illnesses."
    • Sentence 33:"According to one report it was about double the usual number and included an unusually high percentage of people under the age of 25."
  • 名师解析 & 避坑指南
    • 同义替换:这是典型的雅思数据/定义替换。mortality rate = deathsunder 25 = young people

第 30 题:Impact on USA

  • 题干关键词 (Keywords)
    • USA
  • 原文同义替换 (Paraphrasing)
    • harsh winter -> snowbound / ice floating / unprecedented
  • 原文定位 (Evidence)
    • Sentence 35:"George Washington even makes a note in his diary that they were snowbound until March in Virginia. That was before he became president."
    • Sentence 36:"Adam: Yes, and there was ice floating down the Mississippi, which was unprecedented."
  • 名师解析 & 避坑指南
    • 同义替换snowbound(被雪困住)和 ice floating 都是 winter 的具体特征。unprecedented(史无前例的)强调了其严酷程度。

雅思核心高频词:听音辨义与逻辑关联

这部分词汇不仅要求认识,更要求在听力中能够快速反应,并在口语写作中准确输出

单词词性核心含义记忆逻辑/词根拆解
formaladj.正式的、正规的来自 form (形式/表格)。符合特定“格式”或“规矩”的场合就是 formal。
particularlyadv.尤其、特别词根 part (部分)。不是指整体,而是把“某一部分”单独拎出来强调。
severeadj.严峻的、严重的谐音“色味儿” -> 脸色难看 -> 情况严峻。常修饰天气、破坏、惩罚。
associatedadj.相关的、有联系的中间藏着 society (社会)。社会中人与人是连接的 -> be associated with。
contemporaryadj.当代的con (共同) + tempo (节奏/时间) -> 迈着共同的时间节奏。
livestockn.家畜live (活的) + stock (库存/存货) -> 农场里活着的存货(牛羊猪)。

💡 听力提分技巧

  • Particularly 的发音陷阱:老外常吞音读作 /pə-TIK-ly/。听到 P 开头,中间重音 TIK,结尾 ly,通常就是它。

📝 实际应用/例句

  • The pollution is associated with the factory, particularly affecting the nearby livestock.
    • (污染与工厂有关尤其影响了附近的家畜。)

易混淆概念与认知词汇

这组词汇在阅读和听力中容易产生理解偏差(False Friends),需要建立正确的英语思维逻辑

1. 词形易混点

  • Vegetation vs Vegetable
    • Vegetable:具体的蔬菜
    • Vegetation:(-tion 表示整体状态) 地表上所有的植物总称 -> 植被

2. 短语逻辑点

  • Run through
    • 画面感:跑着穿过一个房间。
    • 含义浏览贯穿(文章/主题)、反复出现
  • Beat him to it
    • 逻辑:把 "it" 想象成比赛终点,"Beat" 是在比赛中赢了,而不是打人。
    • 含义抢先一步做某事。
  • Consistent account
    • 拆解Consistent (连贯的/一致的) + Account (描述/说法)。
    • 含义一致的说法(即大家的描述都对得上,没有矛盾)。

💡 听力解码

  • Consistent account 常出现连读:/Consisten-tə-ccount/ (ta 连在一起)。

📝 实际应用/例句

  • There is a theme of survival that runs through the book. (关于生存的主题贯穿全书。)
  • I wanted to pay the bill, but he beat me to it. (我想买单,但他抢先一步付了。)

场景词汇:自然灾害与科学 (Topic Vocabulary)

针对 Cambridge 19 - Test 1 的自然灾害场景,以下词汇需按“听力定位词”标准掌握。

单词含义快速助记法
drought干旱DrDry (干)。⚠️注意中间 gh 不发音。
famine饥荒谐音“发霉” -> 没吃的了。
contaminated被污染的con (共同) + tam (踏) -> 大家都来踩一脚 -> 脏了。
catastrophic灾难性的Cat (猫) + astro (星星) -> 猫看见星星掉下来 -> 大灾难。
respiratory呼吸的Re (反复) + spir (气) -> 反复通气。⚠️重音在第一个音节。
unprecedented史无前例的Un (没) + pre (前) + ced (走) -> 以前没走过的路。
mortality死亡率词根 Mort = 死 (e.g., Voldemort)。

⚠️ 拼写高危区 (Spelling Traps)

  • ❌ Sovere -> ✅ severe
  • ❌ Droght -> ✅ drought
  • ❌ Respiratry -> ✅ respiratory

📝 综合造句挑战

  • The unprecedented volcanic eruption caused severe damage. The fallout contaminated the livestock's food, leading to a catastrophic famine.
    • (史无前例的火山喷发导致了严重的破坏。辐射尘污染了牲畜的饲料,导致了灾难性的饥荒。)

逻辑词辨析:Assume vs. Presume

这是阅读理解作者态度、听力推断题的拿分关键

维度Assume (假设/臆断)Presume (推测/认定)
核心区别No Evidence (无证据)Likely True (有证据/大概率)
逻辑基础纯主观猜测,往往包含偏见。基于现有迹象、常识做出的合理推断。
同义词Guess, SupposeExpect, Most likely
常用语境"我以为..." (其实可能错了)"想必是..." (八九不离十)

🧠 终极助记法 (Mnemonic)

"Assuming makes an ASS out of U and ME." (瞎假设会让你我都会变成傻瓜/驴。)

📝 实际应用/例句

  1. Assume: I didn't ask him, I just assumed he would agree. (我没问他,我只是臆断他会同意。) -> 风险很高,可能被打脸。
  2. Presume: The ground is wet and I see puddles; presumably, it has been raining. (地是湿的还有水坑,想必是刚才下雨了。) -> 基于视觉证据的推断。

Anki 答题卡

❌ The wet ground posted into my eyes. (中式表达/搭配错误:想表达“映入眼帘”)	Correct: The wet ground caught my eye. | 解析:英文中“映入眼帘”不仅不能用 post (邮寄/张贴),通常用 catch one's eye (吸引目光) 或直接用 I saw... 表达。post into my eyes 是典型的中式直译。
❓ Assume 和 Presume 的核心区别是什么?	Assume = 无证据瞎猜 (No evidence, often wrong); Presume = 有证据推测 (Likely true based on evidence). | 记忆法:Assuming makes an ASS out of U and ME (瞎假设会让你我都变成傻瓜)。
❓ 短语 consistent account 在雅思听力/阅读中是什么意思?	一致的说法/描述。 | 解析:Consistent (前后一致的) + Account (叙述/解释)。指不同人的描述没有矛盾。听力注意连读:/Consisten-tə-ccount/。
❓ 短语 beat him to it 是什么意思?(易误解为“打他”)	抢先一步做某事。 | 解析:把 it 看作比赛终点,beat 是在速度上赢了,不是动作上的殴打。
❓ Vegetation 和 Vegetable 的区别是什么?	Vegetable = 具体的蔬菜; Vegetation = 植被 (地表植物的总称)。 | 记忆法:-tion 后缀通常表示整体概念或状态。
❓ 听力中 Particularly (尤其/特别) 常见的吞音读法是什么?	/pə-TIK-ly/。 | 解析:中间音节常被弱化或吞掉,听到 P 开头中间重读 TIK 结尾 ly 即为该词。
❓ 短语 run through 在雅思阅读中通常表示什么意思?	(主题)贯穿/浏览。 | 解析:画面感是“跑着穿过一个房间”,引申为某个主题贯穿全书,或快速浏览一遍内容。
❌ The results were largely predictable. (请说出 predictable 的含义及反义词)	含义:可预见的/意料之中的。反义词:Unprecedented (史无前例的) 或 Unpredictable (不可预测的)。 | 解析:Pre (提前) + dict (说) + able -> 事情没发生就能提前说出来的。