剑雅19 Test 4 Section 4 - Tree Planting 听力复盘归纳
Section 4 Tree planting
第31题:名词搭配与上下文定位(易错点:Damage vs Competition)
- 题干关键词:invasive species, because of possible [31] ________ with native species
- 原文同义替换:
- because of possible -> often in
- (interaction) with native species -> competition with native species
- 原文整句(Sentence 7):Invasive species are a significant contributor to the current global biodiversity crisis and are often in competition with native species and may threaten their long-term survival.
- 知识与技巧讲解:
- 陷阱分析:你填写的
damage出现在 Sentence 3 ("it can do considerably more damage than good")。这是雅思典型的“前置干扰”,在讲具体 invasive species 之前先泛泛而谈。 - 定位技巧:听到核心路标词 "Invasive species"(Sentence 7)后,必须重新集中注意力。题干中的结构是 "... with native species",原文紧接着说 "competition with native species",这才是精准的搭配。Damage 后面没有接 with native species。
- 陷阱分析:你填写的
第32题:并列列举中的对象匹配
- 题干关键词:sustainable sources of [32] ________ for local people
- 原文同义替换:
- sustainable sources -> improve the availability
- local people -> local community
- 原文整句(Sentence 9):These could include selecting trees that can contribute to wildlife conservation, improve the availability of food for the local community and maintain the stability of soil systems.
- 知识与技巧讲解:
- 陷阱分析:你填写的
soil也在同一句中,但它是为了 "maintain the stability",而不是 "for local people"。 - 听音重点:听到并列结构(A, B and C)时,要特别注意每个名词服务的对象。这里 "food" 对应 "local community"(即 local people),而 "soil" 对应 "systems"。
- 陷阱分析:你填写的
第33题:反义逻辑转换
- 题干关键词:high genetic diversity, increase resistance to [33] ________
- 原文同义替换:
- high genetic diversity -> (implied by contrast with) low genetic diversity
- increase resistance to -> (contrast with) vulnerable to
- 原文整句(Sentence 12):Using seeds with low genetic diversity generally lowers the resilience of restored forests, which can make them vulnerable to disease and unable to adapt to climate change.
- 知识与技巧讲解:
- 正话反说:题干是正面描述(increase resistance 增加抵抗力),原文是反面论证(vulnerable to 易受...侵害)。
- 同义替换:Resistance to Vulnerable to 是雅思听力极高频的逻辑对立替换组,务必背诵。
第34题:否定逻辑与被动语态
- 题干关键词:not select land, which is being used for [34] ________
- 原文同义替换:
- not select -> avoided
- used for -> exploited for
- 原文整句(Sentence 17):Reforesting areas which are currently exploited for agriculture should be avoided as this often leads to other areas being deforested.
- 知识与技巧讲解:
- 逻辑提示:题干中的 "not select" 对应原文的 "avoided"。
- 词汇升级:原文用了 "exploited for"(被开发用于...)替换了简单的 "used for"。如果没听懂 exploited,紧紧抓住 "avoided" 之前的那个主要名词 agriculture 也能得分。
第35题:概括词 vs 具体词
- 题干关键词:planning decisions, information from accurate [35] ________
- 原文同义替换:
- information -> maps (具象化)
- accurate -> detailed and up-to-date
- 原文整句(Sentence 20):Having detailed and up-to-date maps identifying high-priority areas for intervention is essential.
- 知识与技巧讲解:
- 陷阱分析:你填写的
information出现在前一句(Sentence 19: "...depends on having the right information")。但这通常是“废话前奏”。 - 解题原则:雅思填空题通常偏好考察“具体的载体”而非“抽象的概念”。当听到 information 后,紧接着出现的具体形式(如 maps, data, charts)往往是真正答案。
- 陷阱分析:你填写的
第36题:听音辨词与并列关系
- 题干关键词:endangered by, keeping [36] ________ and illegal logging
- 原文同义替换:
- keeping -> rearing
- endangered by -> devastated by
- 原文整句(Sentence 22):In Brazil, it’s being used to identify and quantify how parts of the Amazon are being devastated by human activities such as rearing cattle and illegal logging.
- 知识与技巧讲解:
- 词汇陷阱:你填写的
cutting可能是受到 "logging"(伐木)的影响自己脑补的,或者听错。 - 固定搭配:原文是 "rearing cattle"(饲养牛群/畜牧)。"Keeping" 和 "Rearing" 是同义词。Logging 本身就包含 cutting trees 的意思,所以填 cutting 会语义重复且不合语法(keeping cutting? 不通顺)。
- 词汇陷阱:你填写的
第37题:词性预判与抽象名词
- 题干关键词:increasing the [37] ________ of recovery
- 原文同义替换:
- increasing -> accelerate (动词转名词逻辑)
- 原文整句(Sentence 27):They are central to tropical reforestation projects as they accelerate the speed of the recovery process by attracting animals and birds...
- 知识与技巧讲解:
- 逻辑转换:题干是 "increasing the [noun]",原文是 "accelerate (加快) the speed"。
- 同义词链:Increase speed = Accelerate。如果你只听到了 accelerate,要反应过来它等于 increase the speed。
第38题:举例信号词
- 题干关键词:attracting animals and birds, e.g., [38] ________
- 原文同义替换:
- e.g. -> for example
- attracted -> visiting
- 原文整句(Sentence 30):At this site, for example, after only three rainy seasons, monkeys started visiting to eat the fig fruits...
- 知识与技巧讲解:
- 信号词:听到 "for example" 是最明显的答案信号。
- 上下文:题干先说了 animals,然后 e.g.(举例)。原文逻辑一致,先说 attracting animals (Sentence 27),几句后举例 monkeys (Sentence 30)。
第39题:因果关系与生活来源
- 题干关键词:make a living from [39] ________
- 原文同义替换:
- make a living -> major source of employment
- difficult -> badly affected
- 原文整句(Sentence 33):Destruction of the mangrove forests ... also badly affected the fishing industry, which was a major source of employment for local people...
- 知识与技巧讲解:
- 陷阱分析:你填了
forest。逻辑上,forest 被破坏了(destruction),所以人们无法再依靠 forest 谋生,而是原本依靠的 fishing industry 受到了打击。 - 生活类高频词:Employment, income, job 经常替换 make a living。
- 陷阱分析:你填了
第40题:名词短语修饰
- 题干关键词:protects against, higher risk of [40] ________
- 原文同义替换:
- protects against -> act as a defence against
- higher risk -> increased threat
- 原文整句(Sentence 36):The mangroves also act as a defence against the increased threat of flooding caused by climate change.
- 知识与技巧讲解:
- 结构对等:题干 "risk of [noun]" 对应原文 "threat of [noun]"。
- 听写难点:注意 flooding(洪水)不要写成 floating。这里讲的是气候变化带来的威胁,洪水符合语境。
Accurate vs. Accumulate:长得像但意思差千里
这是雅思阅读和听力中极易混淆的“双胞胎”。
| 单词 | 词性 | 发音 | 含义 | 词根/助记逻辑 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate | adj. | /ˈækjərət/ | 精确的 | Cur = Care (关心)。因为用心(Care),所以精准。 |
| Accumulate | v. | /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ | 积累 | Cumul = Pile/Cloud (堆积)。像积木一样堆起来。 |
- 老师的点拨:看到
rate结尾想“比率/精准”;看到中间有mul(多) 想“堆积”。 - 实际应用/例句:
- To get an accurate IELTS score, you need to accumulate more vocabulary. (为了得到精准的分数,你需要积累词汇。)
Corporation vs. Cooperation:听力“必杀”陷阱
这两个词在 Section 3/4 经常出现,听音辨义是关键。
| 单词 | 含义 | 听觉关键点 (重点!) | 助记 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Corporation | 大公司 | 音短、硬。重音在头 /kɔː/。 | Corp = Body/Organization (团体)。 |
| Cooperation | 合作 | 音长、软。中间有连读 /əʊ-ɒ/。 | Co-op = Together + Operation (一起操作)。 |
- 老师的点拨:听到重音在最前面且发音短促的
/kɔː/,大胆写 Corporation。 - 实际应用/例句:
- The multinational corporation failed due to a lack of cooperation between teams. (那家跨国大公司因团队间缺乏合作而倒闭。)
Resistance vs. Resilience:硬碰硬 vs. 软实力
环境与生物话题的核心逻辑词。
-
Resistance (n.):抵抗力、抗性。
- 形象理解:盾牌 🛡️。硬挡回去。
- 常见搭配:Disease resistance (抗病性), Drug resistance (抗药性)。
-
Resilience (n.):恢复力、韧性。
- 形象理解:弹簧 🪀。被打倒了能弹回来。
- 常见搭配:Ecological resilience (生态恢复力)。
-
实际应用/例句:
- High genetic diversity gives the forest resilience to recover from fires and resistance to diseases. (高基因多样性赋予森林从火灾中恢复的韧性以及对疾病的抵抗力。)
Exploited vs. Explored:完全不同的动词
不要把 Exploited 当成 Explore 的变形。
| 单词 | 含义 | 常用介词逻辑 | 助记 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Explore | 探索 | Explore the ocean | Oar (船桨) -> 划船去探索。 |
| Exploit | 开发/利用 (中性);剥削 (贬义) | Exploited for (被用来做...) Exploited by (被...开发) | Plot (阴谋) -> 坏人搞剥削。 |
- 老师的点拨:雅思环境文中,Exploited for agriculture 指“土地被占用/开发来进行农业活动”。
- 实际应用/例句:
- We should not exploit (过度开发) the land just because we want to explore (探索) new farming methods.
生态环境高频词扫盲 (Green Vocabulary)
这些词决定了你能不能听懂 Section 4 的核心话题。
- Invasive (adj.):入侵的。
- 逻辑:外来物种 (Non-native) 抢地盘 -> Competition (竞争) -> Damage (破坏)。
- Mangrove (n.):红树林。
- 助记:Man (人) + Grove (树丛)。海边防洪神器。
- Keystone species (n.):关键物种。
- 含义:像拱桥的基石 (Keystone) 一样,少了它生态系统就塌了。例如原文中的 Figs (无花果)。
- Genetic diversity (n.):基因多样性。
- 作用:多样性越高,物种越不容易灭绝 (Survival)。
- 实际应用/例句:
- Mangroves act as a defence against flooding. (红树林充当了抵御洪水的防线。)
生物循环链:吃与拉 (The Cycle)
虽然听起来不雅,但这组词是雅思描述“种子传播”的标准术语。
- Bear fruit:结果实 (像母亲怀孩子一样)。
- Defecation:排泄 (学术用语)。注意拼写是 De-fec-ation。
- Dispersers:传播者。
- 逻辑链:Animals eat fruit -> Defecation -> Seeds are dispersed (spread).
容易产生“听力幻觉”的词
这些词你认识,但在听力中容易因为发音或误解而丢分。
| 单词 | 你的误解 | 正确含义 | 修正逻辑 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contributor | 建设者? | 促成因素/起因 | A contributes to B = A导致了B。 |
| Scheme | 场景? | 计划/方案 | Tree-planting scheme = 植树计划。 |
| Ideally | 创造性地? | 理想地 | Idea (理想/想法) -> 在完美情况下。 |
| Agenda | 主题? | 议程/待办事项 | 会议的流程单。On the agenda = 提上日程。 |
| Recreation | 重新创造? | 娱乐/消遣 | Re-create self (让自己恢复精力/回血)。 |
Consult vs. Counsel vs. Council:终极辨析
这组词分不清,会搞错谁是专家,谁是小白。
-
Consult (v.):我去问 (Consult a doctor)。
-
Counsel (v.):专家给建议 (Doctor counsels me)。
-
Council (n.):委员会/议会 (City Council)。
- 助记:Circle (圈子) -> 一群人开会。
-
实际应用/例句:
- The City Council decided to consult the public before starting the project. (市议会决定在启动项目前咨询公众意见。)
补充篇:听力场景“秒懂”词汇 (Quick Fire Vocabulary)
这些词不需要深度辨析,但需要看到/听到后立刻反应出中文意思。
1. 动词/动作类
| 单词 | 含义 | 备注/助记 |
|---|---|---|
| Dominate | 主导、占据主要地位 | Domin- 是“主人”的词根。Tree planting dominates the agenda (占据了议程的主导地位)。 |
| Prioritise | 优先处理 (动词) | 来自 Priority (名词)。Prioritise areas = 优先考虑这些区域。 |
| Accelerate | 加速 | 重音在 cel。Accelerator = 油门。 |
| Rearing | 饲养、抚养 | Rearing cattle = 养牛。这是破坏森林的原因之一。 |
| Devastated | 彻底破坏、摧毁 | 比 Destroy 语气更重。The Amazon is being devastated. |
| Offset | 抵消、补偿 | Carbon offset (碳补偿/碳中和)。种树是为了抵消排放。 |
| Maximise | 最大化 | 反义词是 Minimise。 |
2. 名词/实物类
| 单词 | 含义 | 备注/助记 |
|---|---|---|
| Landscape | 地貌、风景 | Non-forested landscapes = 非森林地貌(如草原)。 |
| Savanna | 稀树草原 | 非洲大草原那种地形。雅思地理题常考。 |
| Cement | 水泥 | Cement company (水泥公司) 参与了植树项目。 |
| Topsoil | 表层土 | Top + Soil。最肥沃的那层土。 |
| Site | 地点、现场 | 不是网址。Construction site (工地), Mining site (矿区)。 |
| Defence | 防御、保护 | Mangroves act as a defence against flooding (充当防洪屏障)。 |
3. 形容词/状态类
| 单词 | 含义 | 备注/助记 |
|---|---|---|
| Advantageous | 有利的 | 来自 Advantage (优势)。= Beneficial。 |
| Coastal | 沿海的 | Coast (海岸)。Coastal areas 是红树林生长的地方。 |
| Aquatic | 水生的 | Aqua = 水。Aquatic ecosystem (水生生态系统)。 |
| Critical / Vital | 至关重要的 | = Essential / Important。Critical role = 关键作用。 |
| Central to | 对...核心/重要 | Figs are central to the project (无花果是项目的核心)。 |
| Whilst | 虽然、当...时 | = While。英国人爱用的正式连词。 |
Anki 答题卡
❌ Reforesting areas which are currently exploited by agriculture should be avoided. (介词使用错误) Reforesting areas which are currently exploited FOR agriculture should be avoided. 解析:'Exploited for' + 用途/目的;'Exploited by' + 动作发出者(人/机构)。农业是用途,不是人。 记忆法:For = Purpose (为了)。
❌ To get an accumulate score, you need to accurate more vocabulary. (混淆词错误) To get an ACCURATE score, you need to ACCUMULATE more vocabulary. 解析:Accurate = 精准的 (care/用心);Accumulate = 积累 (cumul/堆积)。 记忆法:Rate结尾是比率/精准;Mul中间是多/堆积。
❌ The project failed due to a lack of corporation between the two teams. (混淆词错误) The project failed due to a lack of COOPERATION between the two teams. 解析:Corporation = 大公司 (Corp=团体);Cooperation = 合作 (Co-op=一起操作)。 记忆法:Co-op 像两只手握在一起合作。
❌ Invasive species cause damage by competing to native species. (介词搭配错误) Invasive species cause damage by competing WITH native species. 解析:Compete with sb/sth 是固定搭配,意为“与...竞争”。 记忆法:With = 和...在一起打架。
❌ Mangove forests act as a defence against flooding. (拼写错误) MANGROVE forests act as a defence against flooding. 解析:缺少了字母 r。由 Man (人) + Grove (树丛) 组成。 记忆法:Man standing in a Grove.
❌ Seeds are dispersed through defection. (拼写与含义严重错误) Seeds are dispersed through DEFECATION. 解析:Defection = 叛逃/变节;Defecation = 排泄/拉粑粑。 记忆法:Defecation 是生物学词汇,De-fec (faeces粪便)。
❌ I need to counsel the map to find the way. (动词混淆错误) I need to CONSULT the map to find the way. 解析:Consult = 我去问/查阅 (主动寻求);Counsel = 专家给我建议 (被动接受)。 记忆法:生病时 You consult doctor; Doctor counsels you.
❓ Is 'prioritise' a verb? Can we say 'prioritise areas'? Yes, 'prioritise' is a verb meaning 'to treat as important'. 解析:后缀 -ise/-ize 通常表示动词。Structure: Prioritise (v.) + Object (n.)。 记忆法:Priority 是名词(优先级),Prioritise 是去执行优先级的动作。
❓ What is the function of the colon (:) in sentences like '...genetic diversity: the amount of variation...'? It introduces a definition or explanation. 解析:在雅思阅读/听力中,冒号或破折号后面通常是对前面生僻术语的通俗解释。 记忆法:Colon (:) equals to (=).
❓ Why does 'recreation' mean entertainment, not just creating again? It implies 're-creating one's self' or restoring energy. 解析:源自拉丁语 recreare (恢复/刷新)。指通过休息娱乐让自己恢复元气。 记忆法:Recreation = Re-charging your battery (回血)。
❓ Does 'contributor' always mean a positive builder? (e.g., contributor to pollution) No, it means a 'cause' or 'factor', can be negative. 解析:'A is a contributor to B' means A helps cause B (A导致了B)。 记忆法:就像代码贡献者提交代码一样,因素把影响“提交”给了结果。
❓ How to distinguish 'Exploited' and 'Explored'? Exploited = Used/Abused (利用/剥削); Explored = Searched/Traveled (探索). 解析:Exploit (loit -> plot/阴谋 -> 剥削/利用); Explore (ore -> oar/船桨 -> 划船探索)。 记忆法:Dora the Explorer (探索); Bad boss Exploits (剥削).