用 chatgpt 学习英语 63/n

剑桥雅思 19 Test 4 Section 2 听力复盘：Introduction to a running programme

Section 2

Section 2 Compton Park Runners Club

第13-14题：区分建议与干扰项（否定比较）

• 题干关键词：tips, recommend, new runners
• 原文同义替换：
  • A. doing two runs a week $\leftrightarrow$ twice a week is enough to begin with
  • D. listening to music $\leftrightarrow$ Listening to music can be very helpful
  • C. going on runs with a friend (干扰项) $\leftrightarrow$ better than running with a friend (原文进行了否定比较)
• 原文整句：
  • 原文整句（sentence 11）：Listening to music can be very helpful – it takes your mind off things and helps your body get into a rhythm.
  • 原文整句（sentence 12）：I’d say that is better than running with a friend – especially as most people are competitive and that’s not what you want when you’re just starting.
  • 原文整句（sentence 13）：I don’t think the time of day is especially important – some people are better in the evening, while others are morning people – but you need to be consistent, so aim to train regularly – twice a week is enough to begin with.
• 知识与技巧讲解：
  • 干扰项辨析（Running with a friend）：这是典型的“否定比较”陷阱。原文提到了 "running with a friend"，但紧接着说 "I'd say that is better than running with a friend"（我说听音乐比和朋友一起跑更好）。听到关键词 friend 时不要急于选择，要听完整的比较逻辑，确认说话者的态度是推荐还是排斥。
  • 同义替换（Twice a week）：选项 A 的 "doing two runs a week" 在原文中替换为 "twice a week is enough to begin with"。注意数量词的匹配。
  • 同义替换（Music）：选项 D 直接对应 Sentence 11 的首句，较为明显，重点是识别 "helpful" 表达推荐态度。

第19题：否定词与情感态度的识别

• 题干关键词：first marathon, Liz say
• 原文同义替换：
  • C. She nearly gave up before the end $\leftrightarrow$ I felt like giving up halfway through
  • A. It had always been her ambition (干扰项) $\leftrightarrow$ I never dreamed I’d be doing one
• 原文整句：
  • 原文整句（sentence 28）：My husband had been running marathons for years, but I never dreamed I’d be doing one with him.
  • 原文整句（sentence 29）：I managed to complete it in four hours, but I felt like giving up halfway through – it was only the support of the spectators that kept me going.
• 知识与技巧讲解：
  • 干扰项排除（Ambition）：选项 A 表示“一直是她的抱负”。原文 Sentence 28 使用了否定表达 "never dreamed I'd be doing one"（从未做梦想到会跑马拉松），直接否定了 ambition 这个概念。雅思听力常利用 "never thought/dreamed/imagined" 来反驳这种“蓄谋已久”的选项。
  • 同义替换（Gave up）：选项 C 的 "nearly gave up" 对应原文的 "felt like giving up"（想要放弃）。虽然原文后半句说 "kept me going"（坚持下去了），但 "felt like giving up" 准确对应了 "nearly"（差点）的状态。
  • 定位技巧：听到 "My own journey" 和 "first marathon" 时需高度集中，答案往往紧随其后的转折连词（But）出现。

第20题：时间状语的同义替换与报名时机

• 题干关键词：new runners, sign up for a race
• 原文同义替换：
  • B. within a few weeks of taking up running $\leftrightarrow$ after you’ve been training for a few weeks
  • Sign up $\leftrightarrow$ putting your name down
• 原文整句：
  • 原文整句（sentence 32）：But after you’ve been training for a few weeks, it’s worth putting your name down for a 5K.
  • 原文整句（sentence 33）：Some people find they only need a few practice runs before taking part in a race, but I’d give yourself a couple of months at least.
• 知识与技巧讲解：
  • 核心动词替换：题干中的 "sign up"（报名）在原文中被替换为 "putting your name down"（把名字写下来/报名）。这是非常地道的口语表达，务必积累。
  • 时间逻辑陷阱：
    • 正确答案对应 Sentence 32："after you've been training for a few weeks"（训练几周后）就值得去报名。这与选项 B "within a few weeks of taking up running" 吻合。
    • 干扰项 C "after completing several practice runs" 出现在 Sentence 33。原文说 "Some people find they only need a few practice runs... but I'd give yourself a couple of months at least"（有些人只需要几次练习跑……但我建议至少给自己几个月）。这里的建议是指实际参加比赛前的准备时间，而不是“报名”的时间点，且 "couple of months" 也是针对比赛准备。容易被 Sentence 33 的信息混淆，需区分 "putting name down"（报名动作）和 "taking part in"（实际参赛）的时间点建议。

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雅思核心词汇辨析 (Band 7 Essentials)

这部分词汇在雅思听说读写中频率极高，需要做到“会拼、会听、会用”。

1. 核心词汇表

单词	词性	含义	雅思考点与备注
Consistent	adj.	始终如一的，连贯的	高频！ 形容努力坚持 (consistent effort) 或数据一致。写作/口语加分词。
Expect	v.	预计，预料	听力中 90% 表示基于事实的“预测”，而非单纯的主观“希望”。
Asthma	n.	哮喘	发音陷阱：th 不发音，读作 /ˈæsmə/。
Commit	v.	承诺投入，致力	常用 commit oneself to sth，表示下定决心坚持做某事。

2. 易混淆词辨析：观众 (Spectators)

单词	适用场景	区别助记
Spectators	体育比赛、户外活动	现场看球、看跑步的人。
Audience	剧院、讲座、音乐会	听觉为主，较为安静的场合。
Viewers	电视、视频	隔着屏幕看的人。

💡 实际应用/例句：

• "To achieve a Band 7, I need to be consistent with my practice."
• "The stadium was packed with cheering spectators."

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地道短语与动词搭配 (Idioms & Phrasal Verbs)

掌握这些短语是听懂“弦外之音”的关键，也是口语地道表达的体现。

1. 重点短语解析

• Take up (running/a hobby): 开始从事/学习（某项爱好或运动）。
• Build up to: 循序渐进地增加（强度/量）以达到目标。
• Hasn't looked back: 自那以后一往无前/越来越好/从不后悔。
• Take your mind off things: 转移注意力，让人暂时忘掉烦恼。
• Give it a go: = Give it a try（试一试）。

2. 必考逻辑：Put off (劝退 vs 放弃)

• 误区：Put off 不等于 Give up (放弃)。
• 正解：
  1. 推迟 (Postpone)。
  2. 让人反感/打消念头/劝退 (Discourage)。
• 语法警示（夹心饼干原则）：
  • 当宾语是代词 (me/him/it) 时，必须放在中间！
  • ❌ puts off me
  • ✅ puts me off

💡 实际应用/例句：

• "I took up swimming recently, and I haven't looked back."
• "I wanted to go jogging, but the heavy rain put me off." (雨让我打消了念头)

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重点语法与长难句细节

针对你提出的具体语法疑问的深度解析。

1. Aim to do sth (不定式作宾语)

• 问题：Aim to 的宾语可以是动词吗？
• 解析：可以。to train (不定式)在这里整体起到了名词的作用，作为 aim 的对象（宾语）。
• 结构：Subject + aim + [to do sth] (Object)。

2. Be made to do sth (被动语态的特殊用法)

• 规则：主动省 to，被动加 to。
• 对比：
  • 主动：Make sb do sth (大家让她感到受欢迎 -> They made her feel welcome.)
  • 被动：Sb be made TO do sth (她被迫/被感染感到受欢迎 -> She was made to feel welcome.)

3. Halfway through (状语功能)

• 问题：是形容词还是补语？
• 解析：这里作时间/地点状语 (Adverbial)，修饰动词 giving up。
• 含义：强调动作发生在“贯穿整个过程的中点”。
• 结构：I felt like giving up (动作) + halfway through (时间状语：在半途)。

💡 实际应用/例句：

• "We aim to finish the project by Friday."
• "I felt like quitting halfway through the exam because it was too hard."

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介词精讲：To vs. Towards

这是一个从 5.5 分跨越到 7 分的语感微调点。

介词	形象比喻	侧重点	常用搭配
To	📍 图钉 (Pin)	强调终点、到达的结果。	Walk to the door (到了门口)
Towards	➡️ 箭头 (Arrow)	强调方向、努力的过程。	Work towards a goal (朝目标努力)

• 为什么用 Work towards a goal?
  • 因为这强调的是为了目标而努力奋斗的过程，哪怕还没到达，你也在路上了。

💡 实际应用/例句：

• "It helps to have a goal to work towards." (有一个努力的方向是很有帮助的。)

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雅思听力解题逻辑与陷阱

从 Cambridge 19 Test 4 Section 2 中总结的做题技巧。

1. 干扰项识别 (The Negative Trap)

• 现象：题目问“建议”，听力中听到了关键词（如 friend）。
• 陷阱：原文紧接着说了负面评价（injured, bored）。
• 技巧：听到关键词 $\neq$ 正确答案。必须听完后面的态度评价。

2. 时间轴逻辑 (Action-Timeline Match)

• 题目：什么时候报名 (Sign up)？
• 原文逻辑：
  1. A few weeks -> Sign up (Action 1)
  2. A couple of months -> The Race (Action 2)
• 技巧：要把“动作”和对应的“时间段”连线，不要被最后出现的时间（比赛时间）带跑。

3. 虚拟语气与同义替换

• 原文："I felt like giving up halfway through." (我心里想放弃)
• 答案：She nearly gave up. (她差点放弃)
• 逻辑：心里极其想做某事但最终被拉回来了 = 差点这就发生了 (Nearly did it)。

💡 备考建议： 做题时不要只盯着单词听，要听句子背后的逻辑关系（是支持还是反对？是动作发生的时间还是结束的时间？）。

Anki 答题卡

❌ I would rather jogging, but the rain puts off me. (would rather用法 + put off语序)	I wanted to go jogging, but the rain put me off. [解析] 1. 'Would rather' 意为'宁愿'，表计划/想要应用 'wanted to' 或 'planned to'。2. 'Put off'接代词(me/it)作宾语时，代词必须放在中间(夹心饼干原则)。 [助记] Put ME off (把我劝退)。
❌ To get the IELTS 7 scores, I will consistently practice learning. (词语搭配 + 宾语精确性)	To achieve a Band 7, I will practice listening consistently. [解析] 1. 雅思分数地道说法是 'Achieve a Band 7'。2. 'Practice learning' 太宽泛，听力练习应具体为 'Practice listening'。
❓ Can the object of 'aim' be a verb? (e.g. aim to train)	Yes. The structure is 'Aim to do sth'. [解析] 虽然 'train' 是动作，但不定式 'to train' 整体起到了名词的作用，作为 'aim' 的宾语。
❓ Why do we use 'to' in 'She was made to feel welcome' when 'make' usually drops 'to'?	Because it is in Passive Voice. [解析] 使役动词 make 在主动语态省略 to (Make sb do)，但在被动语态必须把 to 加回来 (Be made TO do)。 [助记] 主动省to，被动加to。
❓ In 'felt like giving up halfway through', is 'halfway through' an adjective?	No, it is an Adverbial Phrase (状语). [解析] 它修饰动作 'giving up'，表示时间或过程的节点(在半途)，而不是修饰名词。
❓ What is the difference between 'Work to a goal' and 'Work towards a goal'?	'Towards' emphasizes the process; 'To' emphasizes the destination. [解析] Towards 像箭头(➡️)强调朝向和努力的过程；To 像图钉(📍)只强调到达终点。雅思语境下 'Work towards' 更常用，表示为之奋斗。
❓ Is 'than' 100% required after a comparative adjective (e.g. better)?	No. [解析] 只有当比较对象(B)在句中明确出现时才必须用 'than' (A is better than B)。如果比较对象隐含在上下文中(e.g. The last one was harder)，则不需要 'than'。
❌ I'd say that is better that running with a friend. (听力混淆词)	I'd say that is better than running with a friend. [解析] 比较级 'better' 后面紧跟名词短语时，中间必然是 'than'。听成 'that' 是因为口语弱读和同化现象。 [助记] Better + Noun = Better THAN.