用 chatgpt 学习英语 60/n

📘 雅思听力备考复盘 (剑桥19 - Test 3 - Section 3)

Section 3

Section 3 Science experiment for Year 12 students

第21题：情感态度词的同义替换与干扰排除

• 题干关键词：Clare feel about, students, Year 12 science class
• 错题原因：被听到的 "control" 和 "discipline" 误导，选择了 B (poor behaviour)。未听出转折后的真实态度。
• 原文同义替换：
  • lack of interest (正确选项 C) -> no real engagement / don't seem to think that science has anything to do with their lives
  • hard to control (干扰选项 B) -> Are they hard to control? ... I don't have discipline problems as such. (明确否定)
• 原文整句：
  • [Sentence 5] Clare: Well, I don’t have discipline problems as such. It’s just that they don’t seem to think that science has anything to do with their lives. It’s depressing.
  • [Sentence 6] Clare: ...but there’s no real engagement.
• 知识与技巧：
  • 否定干扰：听到关键词 "control" 或 "discipline" 时，务必等待听后面的判断词。这里用了 "don't have... as such" 进行了否定，排除选项 B。
  • 抽象名词具体化：选项中的 "lack of interest" 在原文中往往不会直接出现，而是用具体的表现来替换，如 "no engagement"（没有参与感）或 "don't think it has anything to do with their lives"（觉得与生活无关）。

第22题：否定态度与难度的同义替换

• 题干关键词：Jake react, Clare's suggestion, children's diet
• 错题原因：可能误解了 "people would not be happy" 的对象，选择了 C (upsetting)，实际是指获取数据过程难，而非结论令人不安。
• 原文同义替换：
  • data difficult to obtain (正确选项 B) -> access to... medical records... confidentiality would be an issue... not going to be easy
  • conclusions... upsetting (干扰选项 C) -> 原文仅提到人们对 "access records" 不开心，而非对 "conclusions" 不安。
• 原文整句：
  • [Sentence 11] Jake: OK, but you’d also need to have access to the children’s medical records and I don’t think people would be happy about that; confidentiality would be an issue.
  • [Sentence 12] Jake: ...but I suspect it’s not going to be easy.
• 知识与技巧：
  • 听转折信号：Jake 说了 "OK, but..." 之后紧跟核心问题。
  • 词汇映射：Confidentiality (保密性) issue 对应 difficult to obtain (获取难)。"Not going to be easy" 是非常典型的 "difficult" 的替换。

第23题：学术讨论中的共识（Agreement）

• 题干关键词：problem, agree, involving animals
• 原文同义替换：
  • results may not apply to humans (正确选项 A) -> particular diet affects... animals, the same thing wouldn't necessarily be true for people
• 原文整句：
  • [Sentence 19] Clare: But if we found out that, say, a particular diet affects the health of animals, the same thing wouldn’t necessarily be true for people, would it?
  • [Sentence 20] Jake: No that’s true...
• 知识与技巧：
  • 确认双方一致：Section 3 常考两人是否同意某观点。Clare 提出疑问 "wouldn't necessarily be true for people"，Jake 回答 "No that's true"（注意这里的 No 是针对反义疑问句的附和，表示“是的，你说得对，确实不一定适用于人”），表示达成共识。

第24题：排除法与最终决定

• 题干关键词：decide, experiment should address
• 错题原因：选择了干扰项 C (supplements)，未听到 Jake 对该想法的驳回。
• 原文同义替换：
  • Are mice capable of controlling their food intake? (正确选项 A) -> whether mice can control their own diet... Do they eat it or do they decide to leave it?
  • supplements (干扰选项 C) -> That might be rather broad. (被否定)
• 原文整句：
  • [Sentence 25] Jake: Mmm. That might be rather broad. Maybe just look at the effects of one supplement...
  • [Sentence 26] Clare: In fact, maybe the focus could be on whether mice can control their own diet. . . .
  • [Sentence 28] Clare: Exactly. Do they eat it or do they decide to leave it?
• 知识与技巧：
  • 识别否定信号："That might be rather broad" 是委婉的否定/修正。
  • 关注 "In fact"：Clare 随后用 "In fact" 提出了修正后的新观点（control diet），这才是最终的决定。做题时要跟踪对话的流动，不要听到第一个选项就选。

第25题：建议的选择与接受

• 题干关键词：Clare, consider, another experiment
• 原文同义替换：
  • varying amounts of exercise (正确选项 C) -> running on a wheel, more active
  • genetic strains (干扰选项 B) -> different genetic structure (Clare 提到了，但最终倾向于 Jake 的主意)
• 原文整句：
  • [Sentence 30] Jake: Like, you could give some of the mice the chance to be more active, running on a wheel...
  • [Sentence 32] Clare: But I think your idea would be more interesting, I might think about that some more.
• 知识与技巧：
  • 指代词解题：Clare 说了 "your idea would be more interesting"。必须回溯 "your idea" 指的是 Jake 刚说的 "running on a wheel" (Exercise)。

第26题：形容词与名词的转换（填空题）

• 题干关键词：Choose mice, same _____
• 原文同义替换：
  • age (答案) -> all young ones, not a mixture of old and young
• 原文整句：
  • [Sentence 36] Jake: I’d say about 12. And all young ones, not a mixture of old and young.
• 知识与技巧：
  • 反义解释：原文没有直接说 "same age"，而是用 "all young, not mixture..." 来表达“同龄/同样大小”的概念。雅思听力常考这种“同义逻辑”的转换。

第27题：具体名词的捕捉

• 题干关键词：different _____
• 原文同义替换：
  • colour (答案) -> mark them, food colouring
• 原文整句：
  • [Sentence 39] Jake: You could use food colouring, that wouldn’t hurt them.
• 知识与技巧：
  • 所听即所得：虽然提到 "mark" (标记)，但填空题通常抓具体名词。听到 "food colouring" 时，提取核心词 "colour"。

第28题：介词短语定位

• 题干关键词：sugar contained in _____
• 原文同义替换：
  • cereal (答案) -> give them something like cereal with it
• 原文整句：
  • [Sentence 45] Clare: It might be better to give them something like cereal with it.
• 知识与技巧：
  • 宾语后置：题干是 "contained in..."，原文是 "cereal with it" (it 指代 sugar)。要习惯这种语序的颠倒。

第29题：目的状语同义替换

• 题干关键词：weighing chamber, prevent _____
• 原文同义替换：
  • escape (答案) -> stop the mice from running away
• 原文整句：
  • [Sentence 48] Jake: Exactly. So you need something called a weighing chamber to stop the mice from running away.
• 知识与技巧：
  • 动词转名词：原文是动词短语 "run away" 或 "stop...from"，题目要求填名词 "escape"。这是非常经典的词性转换考点。

第30题：总结性名词

• 题干关键词：Do all necessary _____
• 原文同义替换：
  • calculations (答案) -> work out the average... as well as the standard deviation
• 原文整句：
  • [Sentence 50] Clare: OK. So once we’ve measured the weight gain of each mouse we can work out the average for each group, as well as the standard deviation.
• 知识与技巧：
  • 上义词归纳：原文列举了 "average" (平均数) 和 "standard deviation" (标准差)，这属于具体例子。题干用 "calculations" (计算) 这个上义词来概括。当听到具体的计算过程时，要预判填空词可能是一个概括性名词。

听力逻辑：漏斗思维 (The Funnel) & 修正信号

在 Section 3（学术讨论）中，说话人经常从一个“宽泛话题”迅速收窄到一个“具体变量”。听不到这个收窄的过程，就容易选错干扰项。

• 场景重现：
  • Broad (宽泛): Food supplements (Clare 的最初提议)
  • Specific (具体): Sugar (Jake 的建议) $\rightarrow$ 最终变量
• 核心考点：题目往往考的是“最终决定”的具体细节，而不是开头的宽泛想法。
• 修正信号词 (Correction Signals)：
  • 当听到 "In fact", "Actually", "As a matter of fact" 时，警铃大作！🚨
  • 这意味着前面的建议（如“研究健康问题”）被推翻了，后面的内容（如“控制饮食量”）才是正确答案。

💡 助记技巧： 听到 "In fact"，就像看到红绿灯变灯，前车作废，看后车！

🎯 实际应用/例句

• 原文：Maybe look at health? In fact, maybe the focus could be on whether mice can control their diet. (答案选 Control diet，排除 Health)。
• 口语应用：I thought the movie was boring. In fact, it was quite moving near the end.

---

学术逻辑：弱否定与“普遍化”难题

雅思听力的高级考点不是直接说 "No"，而是委婉地质疑。

• 关键词：wouldn't necessarily be true (未必是真的/不一定成立)。
• 逻辑链条：
  • 动物实验结果 $\neq$ 人类结果
  • 问题所在：Lack of applicability (适用性) 或 validity (有效性)。

表达方式	含义	听力潜台词
It wouldn't necessarily be...	不一定是...	(否定) 这个结论站不住脚
It is inevitable	不可避免的	(态度) 无奈接受，无法改变

🎯 实际应用/例句

• 写作/口语：Just because a student has high grades, it wouldn't necessarily mean they will succeed in the future. (高分不一定代表未来会成功)。

---

易混淆词汇辨析：Commercial vs Confidential

这是今天的一个重要纠错点，填空题中极易混淆。

单词	词性/意思	侧重点	常见搭配
Commercial	(adj.) 商业的	与买卖/生意有关	Commercial secret (商业机密), Commercial break (广告时间)
Confidential	(adj.) 机密的/保密的	与隐私/不公开有关	Confidential patient records (病人隐私记录)

⚠️ 拼写陷阱：

• Commercial: 双写 m (Commercial) $\rightarrow$ 想想“买买买”需要两个M！
• Confidential: 注意 i-a-l 结尾。

🎯 实际应用/例句

• The formula for Coca-Cola is a commercial secret. (商业机密)
• Doctors must keep patient information confidential. (保密)

---

核心听写词汇 (必考拼写)

这些词在 Section 3/4 填空题中必须能够秒速反应且拼写无误。

1. Cereal (n. 谷物/麦片)
   • ❌ 易错：拼成 Serial (连续剧)。
   • ✅ 记忆：Cereal starts with C (Corn)。
2. Weighing (n. 称重)
   • ❌ 易错：ie 颠倒。
   • ✅ 记忆：Weight (重量) $\rightarrow$ Weighing。
3. Procedure (n. 步骤/程序)
   • 📝 必考：流程图题 (Flowchart) 的题眼。
4. Chamber (n. 室/腔)
   • 🏺 场景：实验舱 (Weighing chamber) 或 墓室 (Burial chamber)。

🎯 实际应用/例句

• The first stage of the procedure involves weighing the chemicals in a sealed chamber.

---

学术认知词汇 (提分关键)

这些词决定了你是否具备 7分+ 的学术理解能力。

• Strain (n.)
  • 常规意思：压力 (Muscle strain)。
  • 🧬 雅思学术意思：(动植物/细菌的) 品系、菌株、品种。
  • 例句：Scientists identified a new strain of the virus.
• Methodology (n.)
  • 意思：方法论（做研究的具体方法）。
  • 信号：听到它，说明要开始讲具体的实验步骤了。
• Deviation (n.)
  • 搭配：Standard deviation (标准差)。
  • 场景：数据分析。

---

语法细节：不可数名词陷阱

在听力填空题中，单复数错误 = 0分。

• Sugar (糖)
  • 在日常饮食 (Diet) 语境下，视为物质，是不可数名词。
  • ❌ Sugers (拼写错) / Sugars (通常不加s，除非特指多种化学糖类)。
  • 判断技巧：看题干的冠词或动词搭配（如 Does an increase in sugar lead to... 暗示单数）。

🎯 实际应用/例句

• We need to reduce the amount of sugar in our diet. (注意这里不加 s)

Anki 答题卡

❌ geneticstrains (spelling error)	genetic strains. Correction: It should be two words. 'Strain' here means a breed or variety (biology context).
❌ sugers (spelling and grammar error)	sugar. Correction: 1. Spelling is s-u-g-a-r (no 'e'). 2. It is an Uncountable Noun in diet contexts (no 's').
❌ It's an commercial secret (article grammar error)	It's a commercial secret. Correction: Use 'a' before consonant sounds (/k/ in commercial). Use 'an' only before vowel sounds.
❌ It's a confidential secret (word choice error)	It's a commercial secret. Correction: 'Commercial' refers to business/trade. 'Confidential' already means secret, so 'confidential secret' is redundant.
❌ comercial (spelling error)	commercial. Correction: Double 'm'. Memory aid: Modern CoMMerce needs two Ms.
❌ wieghing (spelling error)	weighing. Correction: The spelling pattern is e-i-g-h. Memory aid: Remember the word wEIGHt.
❌ pelets (spelling error)	pellets. Correction: Double 'l'. Meaning: Small hard balls of food (often for animals).
❓ What does "wouldn't necessarily be true" signal in IELTS Listening?	It signals Weak Negation. It implies the previous point is not fully valid (e.g., lacks applicability to humans).
❓ What is the logical function of "In fact" or "Actually" in Section 3?	They are Correction Signals. They usually indicate the speaker is rejecting the previous idea and introducing the correct answer.
❓ What does "Strain" mean in a biology context (e.g., genetic strains)?	It means a breed, variety, or type (e.g., a new strain of virus). It does NOT mean pressure or injury in this context.
❓ How to distinguish "Commercial" and "Confidential"?	Commercial = Business-related (e.g., commercial break). Confidential = Private/Secret (e.g., confidential patient records).