《预测之书》里有一段很有意思的话是这么写的： 在智能社会，我们的行为方式和社交模式会更像古代的君子。对君子来说，重要的是少做事，多立范式；少拼力气，多守分寸；少讲辛苦，多讲证据链与担当。 你们怎么看呢？
今天上午处理了一个小时工作，学习了一个单元的idom（出自Speak English Like an American）；下午学习了 类 的部分内容，笔记如下：
面向对象编程（object-oriented programming,OOP),编写表示显示世界中的事物和情景的类（class），并基于这些类来创建对象（object）-实例化。
1. 创建类
dog.py
class Dog:
"""一次模拟小狗的简单尝试"""
def __init__(self,name,age):
"""初始化属性 name 和 age"""
self.name = name
self.age = age
def sit(self):
"""模拟小狗收到命令时坐下"""
print(f"{self.name} is now sitting.")
def roll_over(self):
"""模拟小狗收到命令时打滚"""
print(f"{self.name} rolled over!")
__init__(self,形参1,形参2,....)
- self.name = name 获取与形参name相关联的值，并将其赋给变量name，像这样可通过实例访问的变量称为属性
2. 根据类创建实例
创建特定小狗的实例
class Dog:
--snip--
my_dog=Dog('Willie',6)
print(f"My dog's name is {my_dog.name}.")
print(f"My dog is {my_dog.age} years old.")
- 访问属性 通过点号来访问实例的属性
my_dog.name
- 调用方法 创建实例后，用点号来调用类中定义的任何方法
class Dog:
--snip--
my_dog = Dog('Willie',6)
my_dog.sit()
my_dog.roll_over()
# 》Willie is now sitting.
# 》Willie rolled over!
- 创建多个实例
class Dog:
--snip--
my_dog = Dog('Willie',6)
your_dog = Dog('Lucy',3)
练习
- 餐馆
class Restaurant:
"""尝试一个定义餐馆的类"""
def __init__(self,restaurant_name,restaurant_type):
self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
self.restaurant_type = restaurant_type
def describe_restaurant(self):
print(f"{self.restaurant_name}.")
print(f"{self.restaurant_type}.")
def open_restaurant(self):
print(f"The {self.restaurant_name} is open.")
restaurant = Restaurant("Shaqimu","kaoyadian")
print(f"The restaurant's name is {restaurant.restaurant_name}.")
print(f"The restaurant's type is {restaurant.restaurant_type}.")
restaurant.describe_restaurant()
restaurant.open_restaurant()
# 》The restaurant's name is Shaqimu.
# 》The restaurant's type is kaoyadian.
# 》Shaqimu.
# 》kaoyadian.
# 》The Shaqimu is open.
class Restaurant:
"""调用类"""
--snip--
restaurant1 = Restaurant('Yangguofu','malangtang')
restaurant2 = Restaurant('Pengpuyizha','zhachuandian')
restaurant3 = Restaurant('Haidilao','Hotpot')
restaurant1.describe_restaurant()
restaurant2.describe_restaurant()
restaurant3.describe_restaurant()
- 用户
class User:
"""创建一般用户类"""
def __init__(self,first_name,last_name,location,age):
self.first_name = first_name
self.last_name = last_name
self.location = location
self.age = age
def describe_user(self):
print(f"The user's name is {self.first_name.title()} {self.last_name.title()}."
f"\n{self.first_name.title()} lives in {self.location.title()}."
f"\n{self.first_name.title()} is {self.age} years old.")
def greet_user(self):
print(f"Hello,{self.first_name.title()}.")
user1 = User('tracy','an','shanghai',34)
user2 = User('coco','cai','shanghai',8)
user3 = User('menglei','cai','shanghai',33)
user1.describe_user()
user1.greet_user()
print()
user2.describe_user()
user2.greet_user()
print()
user3.describe_user()
user3.greet_user()
# 》"""
The user's name is Tracy An.
Tracy lives in Shanghai.
Tracy is 34 years old.
Hello,Tracy.
The user's name is Coco Cai.
Coco lives in Shanghai.
Coco is 8 years old.
Hello,Coco.
The user's name is Menglei Cai.
Menglei lives in Shanghai.
Menglei is 33 years old.
Hello,Menglei."""
