MCP模型上下文协议 Model Context Protocol & 百度地图MCP开发

MCP模型上下文协议

官网地址: modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/gettin…

spring ai alibaba官网: java2ai.com/docs/1.0.0.…

mcp 模型地址: mcp.so/zh

痛点？为什么出现MCP

MCP准备取代工具调用(ToolCalling)

ToolCalling痛点: 需要为每个工具 单独开发接口，导致重复劳动

痛点:

• 模型之间调用遵循什么协议？
• 提供一个服务 （百度地铁MCP 一个服务可以看路线/规划/时间/坐标等信息）

MCP入门概念

MCP是一种开放协议，标准化应用程序如何向大模型（LLMS）提供上下文。MCP提供了一种标准化的方式将AI模型连接到不同的数据源和工具。大模型版本的openFeign。

MCP架构

CS 客户端-服务器架构

Spring AI MCP 采用模块化架构，包括以下组件：

• Spring AI 应用程序：使用 Spring AI 框架构建想要通过 MCP 访问数据的生成式 AI 应用程序
• Spring MCP 客户端：MCP 协议的 Spring AI 实现，与服务器保持 1:1 连接
• MCP 服务器：轻量级程序，每个程序都通过标准化的模型上下文协议公开特定的功能
• 本地数据源：MCP 服务器可以安全访问的计算机文件、数据库和服务
• 远程服务：MCP 服务器可以通过互联网（例如，通过 API）连接到的外部系统

支持两种协议: SSE / STDIO

本地MCP开发步骤

本地MCP 服务端实现

建Module

POM文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.miao</groupId>
        <artifactId>SpringAIAlibaba-test01</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>SAA-11MCPServer</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!--   注意事项【重要】
            spring-ai-starter-mcp-server-webflux  这个依赖 只能用在 spring-boot-starter  不能用在 spring-boot-starter-web 上,
            否则会使用tomcat启动，而不是netty启动，从而导致mcpserver启动失败，但是程序正常运行,mcp服务连接不上
             -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-starter-mcp-server-webflux</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--  模型服务灵积  调用alibaba生态的协议 对标openai协议   -->
<!--        <dependency>-->
<!--            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud.ai</groupId>-->
<!--            <artifactId>spring-ai-alibaba-starter-dashscope</artifactId>-->
<!--            <version>1.0.0.2</version>-->
<!--        </dependency>-->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.38</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

yml配置

server:
  port: 8014
  servlet:
    encoding:
      enabled: true
      force: true
      charset: UTF-8

spring:
  application:
    name: SAA-11MCPServer
  ai:
    mcp:
      server:
        type: async
        name: mcp-server-miao
        version: 1.0.0

业务提供WeatherService

package com.miao.service;

import org.springframework.ai.tool.annotation.Tool;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.Map;

@Service
public class WeatherService {

    @Tool(description = "获取指定位置的天气信息", returnDirect = false)
    public String getWeather(String location) {
        // 模拟获取天气信息的逻辑
        Map<String, String> weatherData = Map.of(
                "北京", "晴天，温度20摄氏度",
                "上海", "多云，温度22摄氏度",
                "广州", "小雨，温度28摄氏度"
        );
        return weatherData.getOrDefault(location, "未知位置，无法获取天气信息");
    }
}

配置类 注册mcpService 暴露出去

package com.miao.config;

import com.miao.service.WeatherService;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.ToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.method.MethodToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class McpServerConfig {

    @Bean
    public ToolCallbackProvider weatherTools(WeatherService weatherService) {
        return MethodToolCallbackProvider.builder()
                .toolObjects(weatherService)
                .build();
    }
}

本地客户端实现

建立module

POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.miao</groupId>
        <artifactId>SpringAIAlibaba-test01</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>SAA-12MCPClient</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--   mcp client依赖     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-starter-mcp-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--  模型服务灵积  调用alibaba生态的协议 对标openai协议   -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-alibaba-starter-dashscope</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.38</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

YML

# 服务器配置
server.port=8082
server.servlet.encoding.enabled=true
server.servlet.encoding.force=true
server.servlet.encoding.charset=UTF-8

# Spring应用配置
spring.application.name=SAA-12

# Spring AI 通义千问配置
spring.ai.dashscope.api-key=${qwen-api-key}
spring.ai.dashscope.url=https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1
spring.ai.dashscope.chat.options.model=qwen-flash

# Spring AI MCP客户端配置
spring.ai.mcp.client.type=async
spring.ai.mcp.client.request-timeout=60000
spring.ai.mcp.client.toolcallback.enabled=true
spring.ai.mcp.client.see.connections.server1.url=http://localhost:8014

启动类

package com.miao;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SAA12MCPClientApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SAA12MCPClientApplication.class, args);
    }
}

业务配置类

package com.miao.config;

import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.dashscope.api.DashScopeApi;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.ChatClient;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.model.ChatModel;
import org.springframework.ai.mcp.AsyncMcpToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.ToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class SaaLLMConfig {


    /**
     * 方式一 : 通过配置文件注入 API Key
     */
    @Value("${spring.ai.dashscope.api-key}")
    private String apiKey;


    @Bean
    public DashScopeApi dashScopeApi() {
        return DashScopeApi.builder()
                // 从系统环境变量中读取配置
                .apiKey(System.getenv("qwen-api-key"))
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    public ChatClient chatClient(ChatModel chatModel, ToolCallbackProvider tools) {
        return ChatClient.builder(chatModel)
                .defaultToolCallbacks(tools.getToolCallbacks()) //mcp协议
                .build();
    }
}

业务controller

package com.miao.controller;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.ChatClient;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.model.ChatModel;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;

@RestController
public class McpClientController {
    @Resource
    private ChatModel dashScopeChatModel;

    @Resource
    private ChatClient chatClient;

    // chatClient方式调用mcp服务端
    @GetMapping("/chatClient")
    public Flux<String> chat(@RequestParam(name = "msg", defaultValue = "北京") String msg) {
        System.out.println("chatClient方式调用mcp服务端");
        return chatClient.prompt(msg).stream().content();
    }


    // chatModel方式未调用mcp服务端
    @GetMapping("/chatModel")
    public String chatWithModel(@RequestParam(name = "msg", defaultValue = "北京") String msg) {
        System.out.println("chatModel方式未调用mcp服务端");
        return dashScopeChatModel.call(msg);
    }
}

百度地图开发

mcp官网: mcp.so/zh/server/b…

环境配置

第一步: 申请百度api-key

百度地图mcp的github地址: github.com/baidu-maps/…

百度api申请地址: lbsyun.baidu.com/apiconsole/…

创建module

POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.miao</groupId>
        <artifactId>SpringAIAlibaba-test01</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>SAA-12MCPClient</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--   mcp client依赖     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-starter-mcp-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--  模型服务灵积  调用alibaba生态的协议 对标openai协议   -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-alibaba-starter-dashscope</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.38</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

YML

# 服务器配置
server.port=8082
server.servlet.encoding.enabled=true
server.servlet.encoding.force=true
server.servlet.encoding.charset=UTF-8

# Spring应用配置
spring.application.name=SAA-12

# Spring AI 通义千问配置
spring.ai.dashscope.api-key=${qwen-api-key}
spring.ai.dashscope.url=https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1
spring.ai.dashscope.chat.options.model=qwen-flash

# Spring AI MCP客户端配置
spring.ai.mcp.client.type=async
spring.ai.mcp.client.request-timeout=60000
spring.ai.mcp.client.toolcallback.enabled=true
spring.ai.mcp.client.stdio.servers-configuration=classpath:/npm-server.json

npm-server.json内容

自己本地需要按照node，才能成功运行

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "baidu-map": {
      "command": "cmd",
      "args": [
        "/c",
        "npx",
        "-y",
        "@baidumap/mcp-server-baidu-map"
      ],
      "env": {
        "BAIDU_MAP_API_KEY": "api-key"
      }
    }
  }
}

主启动类

package com.miao;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SAA12MCPClientApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SAA12MCPClientApplication.class, args);
    }
}

SaaLLMConfig配置类

package com.miao.config;

import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.dashscope.api.DashScopeApi;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.ChatClient;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.model.ChatModel;
import org.springframework.ai.mcp.AsyncMcpToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.ToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class SaaLLMConfig {


    /**
     * 方式一 : 通过配置文件注入 API Key
     */
    @Value("${spring.ai.dashscope.api-key}")
    private String apiKey;


    @Bean
    public DashScopeApi dashScopeApi() {
        return DashScopeApi.builder()
                // 从系统环境变量中读取配置
                .apiKey(System.getenv("qwen-api-key"))
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    public ChatClient chatClient(ChatModel chatModel, ToolCallbackProvider tools) {
        return ChatClient.builder(chatModel)
                .defaultToolCallbacks(tools.getToolCallbacks()) //mcp协议
                .build();
    }
}

controller测试

package com.miao.controller;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.ChatClient;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.model.ChatModel;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;

@RestController
public class McpClientController {
    @Resource
    private ChatModel dashScopeChatModel;

    @Resource
    private ChatClient chatClient;

    // chatClient方式调用mcp服务端
    @GetMapping("/chatClient")
    public Flux<String> chat(@RequestParam(name = "msg", defaultValue = "北京") String msg) {
        System.out.println("chatClient方式调用mcp服务端");
        return chatClient.prompt(msg).stream().content();
    }
}