🐍 Python 超能速通包

1️⃣ 安装 & 全球统一暗号

# 国内镜像提速
python -m pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple -U pip

import this   # Python 之道，彩蛋先背

---

2️⃣ 语法速写：一张表背完📜

关键字	场景	一行示例
if	条件	x if x > 0 else 0
for	循环	[i*2 for i in range(5)]
while	条件循环	while line := f.readline():
try	异常	try/except/finally
with	上下文	with open('f') as f: 自动关
def	函数	def add(a, b=1): return a + b
class	类	class Dog: def __init__(self): pass
import	模块	import pandas as pd

---

3️⃣ 超常用数据类型：8 个走天下🌟

# 基本
int float bool str list tuple dict set
# 一行生成
lst = [1, 2, 3]
d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
t = (1, 2, 3)          # 单元素 (1,)
s = {1, 2, 2}          # 去重 {1, 2}

---

4️⃣ 万能模板：控制台输入 + 集合 + 排序💡

import sys, random
n = int(sys.stdin.readline())
lst = [random.randint(0, 100) for _ in range(n)]
lst.sort(reverse=True)
print(*lst)

---

5️⃣ 文件读写：一行复制🖊️

txt = open('a.txt', encoding='utf-8').read()
open('b.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8').write(txt.upper())

---

6️⃣ 网络请求：内置 urllib✈️

import urllib.request, json
url = "https://api.github.com/users"
body = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read()
print(json.loads(body)[:3])  # 取前 3 个用户

---

7️⃣ 并发加速：线程池一把梭⚙️

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor as Pool
with Pool() as p:
    results = p.map(str.upper, ['a', 'b', 'c'])
print(list(results))  # ['A', 'B', 'C']

---

8️⃣ 打包发布：pip install 你的代码📦

# 项目结构
mypkg/
 ├── mypkg/
 │   └── __init__.py
 └── pyproject.toml

[project]
name = "mypkg"
version = "0.1.0"
dependencies = []

python -m pip install build
python -m build
twine upload dist/*

---

9️⃣ 性能黑魔法：加速 3 连招⚡️

技巧	代码	效果
向量化	np.array(lst) * 2	比列表循环快 40×
列表推导	[f(x) for x in data]	比 map+lambda 直观
并发	concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor	CPU 密集并行

---

🔟 常用第三方库：pip 一行安装✅

pip install requests pandas numpy matplotlib seaborn
pip install flask fastapi scrapy pillow