vscode+solidity+hardhat 开发
环境安装
创建项目
- 初始化仓库
> yarn init
yarn init v1.22.22
question name (hardhat-simple-storage-fcc):
question version (1.0.0):
question description:
question entry point (index.js):
question repository url:
question author: yourself
question license (MIT):
question private:
success Saved package.json
Done in 15.23s.
执行成功后生成 package.json文件:
{
"name": "hardhat-simple-storage-fcc",
"version": "1.0.0",
"main": "index.js",
"author": "yourself",
"license": "MIT"
}
- 给项目添加
hardhat
> yarn add --dev hardhat
网络不好时需要很久,安装完后 package.json 文件变化:
{
"devDependencies": {
"hardhat": "^2.22.19"
}
}
hardhat配置初始化: 添加依赖及配置项.
> yarn hardhat
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Welcome to Hardhat v2.22.19
√ What do you want to do? · Create a JavaScript project
√ Hardhat project root: · D:\workspace\src\solidity\hh-fcc\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc
√ Do you want to add a .gitignore? (Y/n) · y
√ Do you want to install this sample project's dependencies with yarn (@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers @nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify chai hardhat-gas-reporter solidity-coverage @nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox @nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers @nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers ethers @typechain/hardhat typechain @typechain/ethers-v6 @nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition-ethers)? (Y/n) · y
yarn add --dev "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers@^1.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify@^2.0.0" "chai@^4.2.0" "hardhat-gas-reporter@^1.0.8" "solidity-coverage@^0.8.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition@^0.15.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox@^5.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers@^2.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers@^3.0.0" "ethers@^6.4.0" "@typechain/hardhat@^9.0.0" "typechain@^8.3.0" "@typechain/ethers-v6@^0.5.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition-ethers@^0.15.0"
➤ YN0000: · Yarn 4.6.0
➤ YN0000: ┌ Resolution step
➤ YN0085: │ + @nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers@npm:2.0.8, @nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers@npm:3.0.8, @nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition-ethers@npm:0.15.10, and 270 more.
➤ YN0000: └ Completed in 9s 519ms
➤ YN0000: ┌ Post-resolution validation
➤ YN0002: │ hardhat-simple-storage-fcc@workspace:. doesn't provide @nomicfoundation/ignition-core (p3e4f1), requested by @nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition-ethers.
➤ YN0002: │ hardhat-simple-storage-fcc@workspace:. doesn't provide @types/chai (p49220), requested by @nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers and other dependencies.
➤ YN0002: │ hardhat-simple-storage-fcc@workspace:. doesn't provide @types/mocha (p7fc22), requested by @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox.
➤ YN0002: │ hardhat-simple-storage-fcc@workspace:. doesn't provide @types/node (p89ace), requested by @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox.
➤ YN0002: │ hardhat-simple-storage-fcc@workspace:. doesn't provide ts-node (p9b6d1), requested by @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox and other dependencies.
➤ YN0002: │ hardhat-simple-storage-fcc@workspace:. doesn't provide typescript (p0d7e8), requested by @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox and other dependencies.
➤ YN0086: │ Some peer dependencies are incorrectly met by your project; run yarn explain peer-requirements <hash> for details, where <hash> is the six-letter p-prefixed code.
➤ YN0000: └ Completed
➤ YN0000: ┌ Fetch step
➤ YN0013: │ A package was added to the project (+ 2.89 MiB).
➤ YN0000: └ Completed in 6s 173ms
➤ YN0000: ┌ Link step
➤ YN0000: │ ESM support for PnP uses the experimental loader API and is therefore experimental
➤ YN0008: │ keccak@npm:3.0.4 must be rebuilt because its dependency tree changed
➤ YN0008: │ secp256k1@npm:4.0.4 must be rebuilt because its dependency tree changed
➤ YN0000: │ [Warning] The runtime detected new information in a PnP file; reloading the API instance (D:\workspace\src\solidity\hh-fcc\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc\.pnp.cjs)
➤ YN0000: └ Completed in 0s 875ms
➤ YN0000: · Done with warnings in 16s 654ms
Project created
See the README.md file for some example tasks you can run
Give Hardhat a star on Github if you're enjoying it!
https://github.com/NomicFoundation/hardhat
DEPRECATION WARNING
Initializing a project with npx hardhat is deprecated and will be removed in the future.
Please use npx hardhat init instead.
安装后再次执行 yarn hardhat 查看扩展的命令:
> yarn hardhat
Hardhat version 2.22.19
Usage: hardhat [GLOBAL OPTIONS] [SCOPE] <TASK> [TASK OPTIONS]
GLOBAL OPTIONS:
AVAILABLE TASKS:
check Check whatever you need
...
To get help for a specific task run: npx hardhat help [SCOPE] <TASK>
- 创建合约
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.28;
contract SimpleStorage {
uint256 favoriteNumber;
struct People {
uint256 favoriteNumber;
string name;
}
// uint256[] public anArray;
People[] public people;
mapping(string => uint256) public nameToFavoriteNumber;
function store(uint256 _favoriteNumber) public {
favoriteNumber = _favoriteNumber;
}
function retrieve() public view returns (uint256) {
return favoriteNumber;
}
function addPerson(string memory _name, uint256 _favoriteNumber) public {
people.push(People(_favoriteNumber, _name));
nameToFavoriteNumber[_name] = _favoriteNumber;
}
}
- 编译合约
> yarn hardhat compile
Compiled 1 Solidity file successfully (evm target: paris).
- 安装
prettier插件
> yarn add --dev prettier prettier-plugin-solidity
➤ YN0000: · Yarn 4.6.0
➤ YN0000: ┌ Resolution step
➤ YN0085: │ + prettier-plugin-solidity@npm:1.4.2, prettier@npm:3.5.2
➤ YN0000: └ Completed in 0s 484ms
➤ YN0000: ┌ Post-resolution validation
➤ YN0002: │ hardhat-simple-storage-fcc@workspace:. doesn't provide @nomicfoundation/ignition-core (p3e4f1), requested by @nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition-ethers.
➤ YN0002: │ hardhat-simple-storage-fcc@workspace:. doesn't provide @types/chai (p49220), requested by @nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers and other dependencies.
➤ YN0002: │ hardhat-simple-storage-fcc@workspace:. doesn't provide @types/mocha (p7fc22), requested by @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox.
➤ YN0002: │ hardhat-simple-storage-fcc@workspace:. doesn't provide @types/node (p89ace), requested by @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox.
➤ YN0002: │ hardhat-simple-storage-fcc@workspace:. doesn't provide ts-node (p9b6d1), requested by @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox and other dependencies.
➤ YN0002: │ hardhat-simple-storage-fcc@workspace:. doesn't provide typescript (p0d7e8), requested by @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox and other dependencies.
➤ YN0086: │ Some peer dependencies are incorrectly met by your project; run yarn explain peer-requirements <hash> for details, where <hash> is the six-letter p-prefixed code.
➤ YN0000: └ Completed
➤ YN0000: ┌ Fetch step
➤ YN0013: │ 2 packages were added to the project (+ 9.44 MiB).
➤ YN0000: └ Completed in 3s 766ms
➤ YN0000: ┌ Link step
➤ YN0000: │ ESM support for PnP uses the experimental loader API and is therefore experimental
➤ YN0000: └ Completed
➤ YN0000: · Done with warnings in 4s 519ms
- 部署合约
部署合约脚本:
// imports
const { ethers } = require('hardhat');
async function main() {
const simpleStorageFactory =
await ethers.getContractFactory('SimpleStorage');
console.log('Deploying SimpleStorage...');
const simpleStorageContract = await simpleStorageFactory.deploy();
await simpleStorageContract.waitForDeployment();
console.log(`Deployed contract to: ${simpleStorageContract.target}`);
}
main()
.then(() => process.exit(0))
.catch((error) => {
console.error(error);
process.exit(1);
});
> yarn hardhat run ./scripts/deploy.js
hardhat network
hardhat 会提供默认网络, 附带 rpcurl 和 wallet 等必要元件.
module.exports = {
// defaultNetwork: 'hardhat',
solidity: '0.8.28',
};
也可以在部署命令中明确指定运行的网络(network):
yarn hardhat run ./scripts/deploy.js --network hardhat
- 设置网络
# 添加 `dotenv`
yarn add --dev dotenv
hardhat.config.js文件修改:
require('@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox');
require('dotenv').config();
const SEPOLIA_RPC_URL = process.env.SEPOLIA_RPC_URL;
const PRIVATE_KEY = '0x' + process.env.PRIVATE_KEY;
/** @type import('hardhat/config').HardhatUserConfig */
module.exports = {
defaultNetwork: 'hardhat',
networks: {
sepolia: {
url: SEPOLIA_RPC_URL,
accounts: [PRIVATE_KEY],
chainId: 11155111,
},
},
solidity: '0.8.28',
};
SEPOLIA_RPC_URL 是第三方机构提供的合约部署服务,如
metamask的为https://sepolia.infura.io/v3/YOUR-API-KEY,alchemy的为https://eth-sepolia.g.alchemy.com/v2/YOUR-API-KEY.根据实际需求自行申请.
使用hardhat-deploy 部署合约
- 安装
chainlink,非必要,只有需要获得代币价格时需要(ETH/USD).
yarn add --dev @chainlink/contracts
- 安装
hardhat-deploy
yarn add --dev hardhat-deploy
在hardhat.config.js中导入:
require("hardhat-deploy")
成功后hardhat命令行会多出deploy任务.
- 安装
@nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers@npm:hardhat-deploy-ethers
yarn add --dev @nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers@npm:hardhat-deploy-ethers ethers
- 部署代码
helper-hardhat-config.js 代码:
const networkConfig = {
31337: {
name: "localhost",
},
// Price Feed Address, values can be obtained at https://docs.chain.link/data-feeds/price-feeds/addresses
11155111: {
name: "sepolia",
ethUsdPriceFeed: "0x694AA1769357215DE4FAC081bf1f309aDC325306",
},
}
const developmentChains = ["hardhat", "localhost"]
module.exports = {
networkConfig,
developmentChains,
}
00-deploy-mocks.js 代码:
const { network } = require("hardhat")
const { developmentChains } = require("../helper-hardhat-config")
const DECIMALS = "8"
const INITIAL_ANSWER = "200000000000" // 2000
module.exports = async ({ deployments, getNamedAccounts }) => {
const { deploy, log } = deployments
const { deployer } = await getNamedAccounts()
const chainId = network.config.chainId
// If we are on a local development network, we need to deploy mocks!
if (developmentChains.includes(network.name)) {
log("Local network detected! Deploying mocks...")
await deploy("MockV3Aggregator", {
contract: "MockV3Aggregator",
from: deployer,
log: true,
args: [DECIMALS, INITIAL_ANSWER],
})
log("Mocks Deployed!")
log("------------------------------------------------")
log(
"You are deploying to a local network, you'll need a local network running to interact"
)
log(
"Please run `npx hardhat console` to interact with the deployed smart contracts!"
)
log("------------------------------------------------")
}
}
module.exports.tags = ["all", "mocks"] // deplog 命令行中的 tags
MockV3Aggregator合约:
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.6.0;
// contracts/src/v0.8/shared/mocks/MockV3Aggregator.sol
import "@chainlink/contracts/src/v0.6/tests/MockV3Aggregator.sol";
- 部署
> yarn hardhat deploy --tags mocks
Compiling 1 file with 0.6.6
Solidity compilation finished successfully
Local network detected! Deploying mocks...
deploying "MockV3Aggregator" (tx: 0x2f60bd4cba5dffe33cd22380f4891cfadb7f13aad763bb084e8a1c3336b892f9)...: deployed at 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3 with 569635 gas
Mocks Deployed!
------------------------------------------------
You are deploying to a local network, you'll need a local network running to interact
Please run `npx hardhat console` to interact with the deployed smart contracts!
------------------------------------------------
执行
yarn hardhat node会执行所有的部署合约脚本.
与已有合约交互
- 编写
fund.js与已有合约交互
const { ethers, getNamedAccounts } = require("hardhat")
async function main() {
const { deployer } = await getNamedAccounts()
const fundMe = await ethers.getContract("FundMe", deployer)
console.log(`Got contract FundMe at ${fundMe.address}`)
console.log("Funding contract...")
const transactionResponse = await fundMe.fund({
value: ethers.utils.parseEther("0.1"),
})
await transactionResponse.wait()
console.log("Funded!")
const fundMeBalance = await fundMe.provider.getBalance(fundMe.address)
const fundMeBalanceInEther = ethers.utils.formatEther(fundMeBalance)
console.log(`FundMe balance: ${fundMeBalanceInEther}`)
}
main()
.then(() => process.exit(0))
.catch((error) => {
console.error(error)
process.exit(1)
})
- 启动本地节点,部署
FundMe合约
> yarn hardhat node
Nothing to compile
Local network detected! Deploying mocks...
deploying "MockV3Aggregator" (tx: 0x2f60bd4cba5dffe33cd22380f4891cfadb7f13aad763bb084e8a1c3336b892f9)...: deployed at 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3 with 569635 gas
Mocks Deployed!
------------------------------------------------
You are deploying to a local network, you'll need a local network running to interact
Please run `npx hardhat console` to interact with the deployed smart contracts!
------------------------------------------------
chainId: 31337
----------------------------------------------------
Deploying FundMe and waiting for confirmations...
deploying "FundMe" (tx: 0x6a97ceb3049b38b6e4edcd8f4d92794fbbcdb62b3ece28825ff4be7e84e16cae)...: deployed at 0xe7f1725E7734CE288F8367e1Bb143E90bb3F0512 with 1096977 gas
FundMe deployed at 0xe7f1725E7734CE288F8367e1Bb143E90bb3F0512
----------------------------------------------------
Started HTTP and WebSocket JSON-RPC server at http://127.0.0.1:8545/
Accounts
========
WARNING: These accounts, and their private keys, are publicly known.
Any funds sent to them on Mainnet or any other live network WILL BE LOST.
Account #0: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80
Account #1: 0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x59c6995e998f97a5a0044966f0945389dc9e86dae88c7a8412f4603b6b78690d
Account #2: 0x3c44cdddb6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12fa4293bc (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x5de4111afa1a4b94908f83103eb1f1706367c2e68ca870fc3fb9a804cdab365a
Account #3: 0x90f79bf6eb2c4f870365e785982e1f101e93b906 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x7c852118294e51e653712a81e05800f419141751be58f605c371e15141b007a6
Account #4: 0x15d34aaf54267db7d7c367839aaf71a00a2c6a65 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x47e179ec197488593b187f80a00eb0da91f1b9d0b13f8733639f19c30a34926a
Account #5: 0x9965507d1a55bcc2695c58ba16fb37d819b0a4dc (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x8b3a350cf5c34c9194ca85829a2df0ec3153be0318b5e2d3348e872092edffba
Account #6: 0x976ea74026e726554db657fa54763abd0c3a0aa9 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x92db14e403b83dfe3df233f83dfa3a0d7096f21ca9b0d6d6b8d88b2b4ec1564e
Account #7: 0x14dc79964da2c08b23698b3d3cc7ca32193d9955 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x4bbbf85ce3377467afe5d46f804f221813b2bb87f24d81f60f1fcdbf7cbf4356
Account #8: 0x23618e81e3f5cdf7f54c3d65f7fbc0abf5b21e8f (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xdbda1821b80551c9d65939329250298aa3472ba22feea921c0cf5d620ea67b97
Account #9: 0xa0ee7a142d267c1f36714e4a8f75612f20a79720 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x2a871d0798f97d79848a013d4936a73bf4cc922c825d33c1cf7073dff6d409c6
Account #10: 0xbcd4042de499d14e55001ccbb24a551f3b954096 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xf214f2b2cd398c806f84e317254e0f0b801d0643303237d97a22a48e01628897
Account #11: 0x71be63f3384f5fb98995898a86b02fb2426c5788 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x701b615bbdfb9de65240bc28bd21bbc0d996645a3dd57e7b12bc2bdf6f192c82
Account #12: 0xfabb0ac9d68b0b445fb7357272ff202c5651694a (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xa267530f49f8280200edf313ee7af6b827f2a8bce2897751d06a843f644967b1
Account #13: 0x1cbd3b2770909d4e10f157cabc84c7264073c9ec (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x47c99abed3324a2707c28affff1267e45918ec8c3f20b8aa892e8b065d2942dd
Account #14: 0xdf3e18d64bc6a983f673ab319ccae4f1a57c7097 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xc526ee95bf44d8fc405a158bb884d9d1238d99f0612e9f33d006bb0789009aaa
Account #15: 0xcd3b766ccdd6ae721141f452c550ca635964ce71 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x8166f546bab6da521a8369cab06c5d2b9e46670292d85c875ee9ec20e84ffb61
Account #16: 0x2546bcd3c84621e976d8185a91a922ae77ecec30 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xea6c44ac03bff858b476bba40716402b03e41b8e97e276d1baec7c37d42484a0
Account #17: 0xbda5747bfd65f08deb54cb465eb87d40e51b197e (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x689af8efa8c651a91ad287602527f3af2fe9f6501a7ac4b061667b5a93e037fd
Account #18: 0xdd2fd4581271e230360230f9337d5c0430bf44c0 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xde9be858da4a475276426320d5e9262ecfc3ba460bfac56360bfa6c4c28b4ee0
Account #19: 0x8626f6940e2eb28930efb4cef49b2d1f2c9c1199 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xdf57089febbacf7ba0bc227dafbffa9fc08a93fdc68e1e42411a14efcf23656e
WARNING: These accounts, and their private keys, are publicly known.
Any funds sent to them on Mainnet or any other live network WILL BE LOST.
web3_clientVersion
Contract deployment: MockV3Aggregator
Contract address: 0x5fbdb2315678afecb367f032d93f642f64180aa3
Transaction: 0x2f60bd4cba5dffe33cd22380f4891cfadb7f13aad763bb084e8a1c3336b892f9
From: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266
Value: 0 ETH
Gas used: 569635 of 569635
Block #1: 0xe01b11ac8eb1061844456c9179f1b11e10c1b650ec7769b51aad43c1379a4e10
Contract deployment: FundMe
Contract address: 0xe7f1725e7734ce288f8367e1bb143e90bb3f0512
Transaction: 0x6a97ceb3049b38b6e4edcd8f4d92794fbbcdb62b3ece28825ff4be7e84e16cae
From: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266
Value: 0 ETH
Gas used: 1096977 of 1096977
Block #2: 0x51151ed3ba29f736405864c7dbc498bba0f7cf5c7f3d4b522be874ecfc30a0cd
Contract deployment: FunWithStorage
Contract address: 0x9fe46736679d2d9a65f0992f2272de9f3c7fa6e0
Transaction: 0x474ff007295b40fb495744377d4689540b1d451396087b6d78cdea7b264186d1
From: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266
Value: 0 ETH
Gas used: 253434 of 253434
Block #3: 0x202816719c9340efd77bf8f8e28a0e10ca454c5e51f06c6f994b0e0770d7a095
eth_chainId
eth_accounts
eth_chainId
eth_blockNumber
eth_chainId (2)
eth_estimateGas
eth_getBlockByNumber
eth_feeHistory
eth_sendTransaction
Contract call: FundMe#fund
Transaction: 0x851a9775d49ce122a2322fa4537d5ab27e54bf3deac2702b9c95df149d7e7bc3
From: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266
To: 0xe7f1725e7734ce288f8367e1bb143e90bb3f0512
Value: 0.1 ETH
Gas used: 104466 of 104466
Block #4: 0x3d67874aa549e60cfe5e9922c02ec18b12d0cf00c137a64b42cd6e1dd4a2df3a
eth_chainId
eth_getTransactionByHash
eth_chainId
eth_getTransactionReceipt
web3_clientVersion
eth_chainId
eth_accounts
eth_chainId
eth_blockNumber
eth_chainId (2)
eth_estimateGas
eth_getBlockByNumber
eth_feeHistory
eth_sendTransaction
Contract call: FundMe#withdraw
Transaction: 0x589d82f64e1cde435396146da7a25c2671729473d878c2b29690057c080f2d11
From: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266
To: 0xe7f1725e7734ce288f8367e1bb143e90bb3f0512
Value: 0 ETH
Gas used: 35622 of 46753
Block #5: 0xf72bf987b6214a20a957e63f75151cc465533bde7527d70a3de916f3193d9f92
eth_chainId
eth_getTransactionByHash
eth_chainId
eth_getTransactionReceipt
web3_clientVersion
eth_chainId
eth_accounts
eth_chainId
eth_blockNumber
eth_chainId (2)
eth_estimateGas
eth_getBlockByNumber
eth_feeHistory
eth_sendTransaction
Contract call: FundMe#fund
Transaction: 0x2a0941a93c42f250e9441222eae63cb39dc2e290fd240713ed9b2c93e77d1a39
From: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266
To: 0xe7f1725e7734ce288f8367e1bb143e90bb3f0512
Value: 0.1 ETH
Gas used: 104466 of 104466
Block #6: 0x7f28919a532fdd95a3d21a74327f848d1973a0c356dd4707fc48a0e29f7d9da3
eth_chainId
eth_getTransactionByHash
eth_chainId
eth_getTransactionReceipt
eth_chainId
eth_getBalance
web3_clientVersion
eth_chainId
eth_accounts
eth_chainId
eth_blockNumber
eth_chainId (2)
eth_estimateGas
eth_getBlockByNumber
eth_feeHistory
eth_sendTransaction
Contract call: FundMe#fund
Transaction: 0x851cfbc1b42228e020af0b8693750826f21712d46e436791109f6bfa684953bf
From: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266
To: 0xe7f1725e7734ce288f8367e1bb143e90bb3f0512
Value: 0.1 ETH
Gas used: 70266 of 70266
Block #7: 0x78e2d81458674078bee923e0a1b445f1424491a74e8d02c6c0b2ebf25731c14e
eth_chainId
eth_getTransactionByHash
eth_chainId
eth_getTransactionReceipt
eth_chainId
eth_getBalance
web3_clientVersion
eth_chainId
eth_accounts
eth_chainId
eth_blockNumber
eth_chainId (2)
eth_estimateGas
eth_getBlockByNumber
eth_feeHistory
eth_sendTransaction
Contract call: FundMe#fund
Transaction: 0xd77c0f8ad2bf30ec9498e51555f56a7f95c0ec826f065f70a3dccaa47fcb1924
From: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266
To: 0xe7f1725e7734ce288f8367e1bb143e90bb3f0512
Value: 0.1 ETH
Gas used: 70266 of 70266
Block #8: 0x47a687c961da2c7ac255944d997d3c03e1da53c52307de87a868acbca9690da0
eth_chainId
eth_getTransactionByHash
eth_chainId
eth_getTransactionReceipt
eth_chainId
eth_getBalance
- 交互
> yarn hardhat run ./scripts/fund.js --network localhost
Got contract FundMe at 0xe7f1725E7734CE288F8367e1Bb143E90bb3F0512
Funding contract...
Funded!
FundMe balance: 0.3
验证合约
require('@nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify');
const ETHERSCAN_API_KEY = process.env.ETHERSCAN_API_KEY;
/** @type import('hardhat/config').HardhatUserConfig */
module.exports = {
etherscan: {
// Your API key for Etherscan
// Obtain one at https://etherscan.io/
apiKey: ETHERSCAN_API_KEY,
},
};
调用浏览器提供的 API 进行验证: https://docs.etherscan.io/sepolia-etherscan/api-endpoints/contracts
通过 hardhat 的插件进行验证: hardhat-verify
自定义验证函数:
// imports
const { run } = require('hardhat');
async function main() {
// others
// Verify contract
if (network.config.chainId === 11155111 && process.env.ETHERSCAN_API_KEY) {
console.log('Waiting for block confirmations...');
// Not functionable in version 6^ ethers ----->
await simpleStorageContract.deploymentTransaction().wait(6);
await verify(simpleStorageContract.target, []);
//______________________________________________
}
}
async function verify(contractAddress, args) {
console.log('Verifying contract...');
try {
await run('verify:verify', {
address: contractAddress,
constructorArguments: args,
});
} catch (error) {
if (error instanceof Error) {
if (error.message.toLowerCase().includes('already verified')) {
console.log('Contract already verified');
}
console.error('Failed to verify contract:', error.message || error);
} else {
console.error('Unexpected error:', error);
}
}
}
合约部署并验证:
> yarn hardhat run ./scripts/deploy.js --network sepolia
Deploying to network: sepolia
Deploying SimpleStorage...
Deployed contract to: 0xDB141Aa5fcccFd638f221e3009ba9E91Ca97eA59
Waiting for block confirmations...
Verifying contract...
Failed to verify contract: A network request failed. This is an error from the block explorer, not Hardhat. Error: Connect Timeout Error
Current favorite number: 0
Updated favorite number: 13
创建 hardhat task
类似golang服务的命令行.
- 添加任务
const { task } = require('hardhat/config');
task(
'block-number',
'Prints the current block number',
async (_, { ethers }) => {
const blockNumber = await ethers.provider.getBlockNumber();
console.log('Current block number: ', blockNumber);
},
);
// task('block-number', 'Prints the current block number').setAction(
// // async function blockNumber() {}
// // const blockNumber = async function() => {}
// async (_, hre) => {
// const blockNumber = await hre.ethers.provider.getBlockNumber();
// console.log(`Current block number: ${blockNumber}`);
// },
// );
task('accounts', 'Prints the list of accounts', async (taskArgs, hre) => {
const accounts = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
for (const account of accounts) {
console.log(account.address);
}
});
task('balance', "Prints an account's balance")
.addParam('account', "The account's address")
.setAction(async (taskArgs) => {
const balance = await ethers.provider.getBalance(taskArgs.account);
console.log(ethers.formatEther(balance), 'ETH');
});
- 导入
// hardhat.config.js
require('./tasks/balance');
require('./tasks/accounts');
require('./tasks/block-number');
- 执行
> yarn hardhat balance --account 0x28c03C558980988F858BD77B0Fd9F94826E99A15 --network sepolia
0.03849461495766039 ETH
> yarn hardhat block-number --network sepolia
Current block number: 7794057
> yarn hardhat accounts --network sepolia
0x28c03C558980988F858BD77B0Fd9F94826E99A15
hardhat 本地节点
使用 default hardhat 的网络配置,在本地启动一个节点(是一个独立的网络).
> yarn hardhat node
配置:
/** @type import('hardhat/config').HardhatUserConfig */
module.exports = {
networks: {
localhost: {
url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8545',
// accounts: from hardhat.config
chainId: 31337,
},
},
};
hardhat 控制台
类似 mysql 服务的控制台,可按命令行与合约交互.
> yarn hardhat console
Welcome to Node.js v18.17.1.
Type ".help" for more information.
> const simpleStorageFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory('SimpleStorage');
undefined
> const simpleStorageContract = await simpleStorageFactory.deploy();
undefined
> await simpleStorageContract.waitForDeployment();
BaseContract {
target: '0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3',
interface: Interface {
fragments: [
[FunctionFragment],
[FunctionFragment],
[FunctionFragment],
[FunctionFragment],
[FunctionFragment]
],
deploy: ConstructorFragment {
type: 'constructor',
inputs: [],
payable: false,
gas: null
},
fallback: null,
receive: false
},
runner: HardhatEthersSigner {
_gasLimit: 30000000,
address: '0xf39Fd6e51aad88F6F4ce6aB8827279cffFb92266',
provider: HardhatEthersProvider {
_hardhatProvider: [LazyInitializationProviderAdapter],
_networkName: 'hardhat',
_blockListeners: [],
_transactionHashListeners: Map(0) {},
_eventListeners: []
}
},
filters: {},
fallback: null,
[Symbol(_ethersInternal_contract)]: {}
}
> await simpleStorageContract.retrieve();
0n
> await simpleStorageContract.store(100);
ContractTransactionResponse {
provider: HardhatEthersProvider {
_hardhatProvider: LazyInitializationProviderAdapter {
_providerFactory: [AsyncFunction (anonymous)],
_emitter: [EventEmitter],
_initializingPromise: [Promise],
provider: [BackwardsCompatibilityProviderAdapter]
},
_networkName: 'hardhat',
_blockListeners: [],
_transactionHashListeners: Map(0) {},
_eventListeners: []
},
blockNumber: 2,
blockHash: '0xc447e66f8f77a519c4cafa0b5ade88c79f59a74003cf2823d3c85e06ed18306c',
index: undefined,
hash: '0xf9830c6cb21deb814fa991c78fc164b05881b417aa662824cec262215e04e494',
type: 2,
to: '0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3',
from: '0xf39Fd6e51aad88F6F4ce6aB8827279cffFb92266',
nonce: 1,
gasLimit: 30000000n,
gasPrice: 1769727927n,
maxPriorityFeePerGas: 1000000000n,
maxFeePerGas: 2539455854n,
maxFeePerBlobGas: null,
data: '0x6057361d0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000064',
value: 0n,
chainId: 31337n,
signature: Signature { r: "0x35ec79d17c634bc3f2d12a86825acbfba55438a9ab96d40606acc7c34227aff9", s: "0x7d2f300f8d874bd5f65d5195c9e9851c3afbc4bb0e985acc2d54a489d04d00ea", yParity: 1, networkV: null },
accessList: [],
blobVersionedHashes: null
}
> await simpleStorageContract.retrieve();
100n
测试合约
- 编写测试
const { assert, expect } = require('chai');
const { ethers } = require('hardhat');
// Vanilla Mocha test. Increased compatibility with tools that integrate Mocha.
// describe("SimpleStorage", () => {})
describe('SimpleStorage', function () {
let simpleStorageFactory;
let simpleStorageContract;
beforeEach(async function () {
// Get the contract factory
simpleStorageFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory('SimpleStorage');
simpleStorageContract = await simpleStorageFactory.deploy();
await simpleStorageContract.waitForDeployment();
});
it('Should start with a favorite number of 0', async function () {
const currentFavoriteNumber = await simpleStorageContract.retrieve();
// assert.equal(currentFavoriteNumber, 0);
// expect(currentFavoriteNumber == 10).to.be.false;
// expect(currentFavoriteNumber == 0).to.be.true;
expect(currentFavoriteNumber).to.equal(0);
});
it('Should update when we call store', async function () {
const newFavoriteNumber = 13;
let transactionResponse =
await simpleStorageContract.store(newFavoriteNumber);
await transactionResponse.wait(1);
const currentFavoriteNumber = await simpleStorageContract.retrieve();
assert.equal(currentFavoriteNumber, newFavoriteNumber);
});
it('Should work correctly with the people struct and array', async function () {
// Add a person
let expectPersionName = 'Alice';
let expectFavoriteNumber = '23';
let transactionResponse = await simpleStorageContract.addPerson(
expectPersionName,
expectFavoriteNumber,
);
await transactionResponse.wait(1);
// Check the person
const person = await simpleStorageContract.people(0);
assert.equal(person.name, expectPersionName);
assert.equal(person.favoriteNumber, expectFavoriteNumber);
});
});
it.only可限制只执行此标志的测试
- 执行测试
> yarn hardhat test
SimpleStorage
✔ Should start with a favorite number of 0
✔ Should update when we call store
✔ Should work correctly with the people struct and array
3 passing (522ms)
# 匹配关键字测试
> yarn hardhat test --grep store
SimpleStorage
✔ Should update when we call store
1 passing (493ms)
-
unit test: locally- local hardhat
- forked hardhat
-
integration test: can be done on a testnet(LAST STOP!)
Gas Reporter
安装 hardhat-gas-reporter:
> yarn add hardhat-gas-reporter --dev
配置 gas-reporter, hardhat.config.js 文件:
gasReporter: {
enabled: true
// currency: "USD",
// outputFile: "gas-report.txt",
// Colors: true,
// coinmarketcap: process.env.COINMARKETCAP_API_KEY,
// token: 'MATIC', // 代币网络
}
COINMARKETCAP_API获取,可以将消耗的
gas转为对应的代币值.
这样,执行测试时会打印gas消耗报告:
> yarn hardhat test
SimpleStorage
✔ Should start with a favorite number of 0
✔ Should update when we call store
✔ Should work correctly with the people struct and array
·-------------------------------|----------------------------|-------------|-----------------------------·
| Solc version: 0.8.28 · Optimizer enabled: false · Runs: 200 · Block limit: 30000000 gas │
································|····························|·············|······························
| Methods │
··················|·············|··············|·············|·············|···············|··············
| Contract · Method · Min · Max · Avg · # calls · usd (avg) │
··················|·············|··············|·············|·············|···············|··············
| SimpleStorage · addPerson · - · - · 112546 · 2 · - │
··················|·············|··············|·············|·············|···············|··············
| SimpleStorage · store · - · - · 43724 · 2 · - │
··················|·············|··············|·············|·············|···············|··············
| Deployments · · % of limit · │
································|··············|·············|·············|···············|··············
| SimpleStorage · - · - · 562687 · 1.9 % · - │
·-------------------------------|--------------|-------------|-------------|---------------|-------------·
3 passing (2s)
测试覆盖率
安装 solidity-coverage:
> yarn add solidity-coverage --dev
hardhat.config.js 文件:
require('solidity-coverage');
测试覆盖检查:
> yarn hardhat coverage
Version
=======
> solidity-coverage: v0.8.14
Instrumenting for coverage...
=============================
> SimpleStorage.sol
Compilation:
============
Compiled 1 Solidity file successfully (evm target: paris).
Network Info
============
> HardhatEVM: v2.22.19
> network: hardhat
SimpleStorage
✔ Should start with a favorite number of 0
✔ Should update when we call store
✔ Should work correctly with the people struct and array
3 passing (99ms)
--------------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------------|
File | % Stmts | % Branch | % Funcs | % Lines |Uncovered Lines |
--------------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------------|
contracts\ | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |
SimpleStorage.sol | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |
--------------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------------|
All files | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |
--------------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------------|
> Istanbul reports written to ./coverage/ and ./coverage.json
solidity tools
solhint: 是solidity linter, 可以发现潜在的代码问题.
> yarn solhint contracts/FundMe.sol
contracts/FundMe.sol
5:1 warning global import of path @chainlink/contracts/src/v0.8/interfaces/AggregatorV3Interface.sol is not allowed. Specify names to import individually or bind all exports of the module into a name (import "path" as Name) no-global-import
6:1 warning global import of path ./PriceConverter.sol is not allowed. Specify names to import individually or bind all exports of the module into a name (import "path" as Name) no-global-import
22:5 warning Immutable variables name are set to be in capitalized SNAKE_CASE
immutable-vars-naming
23:5 warning Variable name must be in mixedCase
var-name-mixedcase
24:5 warning Variable name must be in mixedCase
var-name-mixedcase
25:5 warning Variable name must be in mixedCase
var-name-mixedcase
53:9 warning Use Custom Errors instead of require statements
custom-errors
75:9 warning Provide an error message for require
reason-string
75:9 warning Use Custom Errors instead of require statements
custom-errors
92:9 warning Provide an error message for require
reason-string
92:9 warning Use Custom Errors instead of require statements
custom-errors
✖ 11 problems (0 errors, 11 warnings)
断点调试
- 加断点
- Debug 栏 选择
JavaScript Debug Terminal - 在打开的命令行窗口执行
yarn hardhat test
配置命令脚本
package.json 文件:
{
"name": "hardhat-fund-me-fcc",
"scripts": {
"test": "hardhat test",
"test:staging": "hardhat test --network sepolia",
"lint": "solhint 'contracts/**/*.sol'",
"lint:fix": "solhint 'contracts/**/*.sol' --fix",
"format": "prettier --write .",
"coverage": "hardhat coverage"
}
}
配置后测试命令可简化为:
> yarn test
FundeMe
constructor
chainId: 31337
√ sets the aggregator address correctly
fund
√ Fails if you don't send enough ETH
√ Updates the amount funded data structure
√ Adds funder to array of funders
withdraw
√ withdraws ETH from a single funder
GasCost: 101613356109152
GasUsed: 77744
GasPrice: 1307025058
√ is allows us to withdraw with multiple funders
√ Only allows the owner to withdraw
7 passing (1s)
