众所周知,go slice append是非线程安全的。写了一下demo:
func main() {
for {
var errs []error
go func() { errs = append(errs, nil) }()
go func() { errs = append(errs, nil) }()
}
}
用go1.20.14 darwin/arm64运行下,很快就抛出错误:
panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference
在debug模式下运行,panic的线程堆栈:
但是发现同一个栈上竟然有两个growslice。然后看每个growslice的变量值:
看growslice的源码:
func growslice(oldPtr unsafe.Pointer, newLen, oldCap, num int, et *_type) slice {
oldLen := newLen - num
if raceenabled {
callerpc := getcallerpc()
racereadrangepc(oldPtr, uintptr(oldLen*int(et.size)), callerpc, abi.FuncPCABIInternal(growslice))
}
if msanenabled {
msanread(oldPtr, uintptr(oldLen*int(et.size)))
}
if asanenabled {
asanread(oldPtr, uintptr(oldLen*int(et.size)))
}
if newLen < 0 {
panic(errorString("growslice: len out of range"))
}
if et.size == 0 {
// append should not create a slice with nil pointer but non-zero len.
// We assume that append doesn't need to preserve oldPtr in this case.
return slice{unsafe.Pointer(&zerobase), newLen, newLen}
}
newcap := oldCap
doublecap := newcap + newcap
if newLen > doublecap {
newcap = newLen
} else {
const threshold = 256
if oldCap < threshold {
newcap = doublecap
} else {
// Check 0 < newcap to detect overflow
// and prevent an infinite loop.
for 0 < newcap && newcap < newLen {
// Transition from growing 2x for small slices
// to growing 1.25x for large slices. This formula
// gives a smooth-ish transition between the two.
newcap += (newcap + 3*threshold) / 4
}
// Set newcap to the requested cap when
// the newcap calculation overflowed.
if newcap <= 0 {
newcap = newLen
}
}
}
var overflow bool
var lenmem, newlenmem, capmem uintptr
// Specialize for common values of et.size.
// For 1 we don't need any division/multiplication.
// For goarch.PtrSize, compiler will optimize division/multiplication into a shift by a constant.
// For powers of 2, use a variable shift.
switch {
case et.size == 1:
lenmem = uintptr(oldLen)
newlenmem = uintptr(newLen)
capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap))
overflow = uintptr(newcap) > maxAlloc
newcap = int(capmem)
case et.size == goarch.PtrSize:
lenmem = uintptr(oldLen) * goarch.PtrSize
newlenmem = uintptr(newLen) * goarch.PtrSize
capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) * goarch.PtrSize)
overflow = uintptr(newcap) > maxAlloc/goarch.PtrSize
newcap = int(capmem / goarch.PtrSize)
case isPowerOfTwo(et.size):
var shift uintptr
if goarch.PtrSize == 8 {
// Mask shift for better code generation.
shift = uintptr(sys.TrailingZeros64(uint64(et.size))) & 63
} else {
shift = uintptr(sys.TrailingZeros32(uint32(et.size))) & 31
}
lenmem = uintptr(oldLen) << shift
newlenmem = uintptr(newLen) << shift
capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) << shift)
overflow = uintptr(newcap) > (maxAlloc >> shift)
newcap = int(capmem >> shift)
capmem = uintptr(newcap) << shift
default:
lenmem = uintptr(oldLen) * et.size
newlenmem = uintptr(newLen) * et.size
capmem, overflow = math.MulUintptr(et.size, uintptr(newcap))
capmem = roundupsize(capmem)
newcap = int(capmem / et.size)
capmem = uintptr(newcap) * et.size
}
// The check of overflow in addition to capmem > maxAlloc is needed
// to prevent an overflow which can be used to trigger a segfault
// on 32bit architectures with this example program:
//
// type T [1<<27 + 1]int64
//
// var d T
// var s []T
//
// func main() {
// s = append(s, d, d, d, d)
// print(len(s), "\n")
// }
if overflow || capmem > maxAlloc {
panic(errorString("growslice: len out of range"))
}
var p unsafe.Pointer
if et.ptrdata == 0 {
p = mallocgc(capmem, nil, false)
// The append() that calls growslice is going to overwrite from oldLen to newLen.
// Only clear the part that will not be overwritten.
// The reflect_growslice() that calls growslice will manually clear
// the region not cleared here.
memclrNoHeapPointers(add(p, newlenmem), capmem-newlenmem)
} else {
// Note: can't use rawmem (which avoids zeroing of memory), because then GC can scan uninitialized memory.
p = mallocgc(capmem, et, true)
if lenmem > 0 && writeBarrier.enabled {
// Only shade the pointers in oldPtr since we know the destination slice p
// only contains nil pointers because it has been cleared during alloc.
bulkBarrierPreWriteSrcOnly(uintptr(p), uintptr(oldPtr), lenmem-et.size+et.ptrdata)
}
}
memmove(p, oldPtr, lenmem)
return slice{p, newLen, newcap}
}
oldlen是局部变量,然后lenmem是oldlen乘过来的,但是堆栈图里的lenmem和oldlen值却毫无关系。例如下面的growslice中,oldlen=0, 那lenmem结果也应该是0, 却变成了一个大数。
恳请大神帮忙答疑下,谢谢。