JDK1.8 创建线程池有哪几种方式?
-
newFixedThreadPool
定长线程池,每当提交一个任务就创建一个线程,直到达到线程池的最大数量,这时线程数量不再变化,当线程发生错误结束时,线程池会补充一个新的线程
测试代码:
public class TestThreadPool { //定长线程池,每当提交一个任务就创建一个线程,直到达到线程池的最大数量,这时线程数量不再变化,当线程发生错误结束时,线程池会补充一个新的线程 static ExecutorService fixedExecutor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3); public static void main(String[] args) { testFixedExecutor(); } //测试定长线程池,线程池的容量为3,提交6个任务,根据打印结果可以看出先执行前3个任务,3个任务结束后再执行后面的任务 private static void testFixedExecutor() { for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { final int index = i; fixedExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index); } }); } try { Thread.sleep(4000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("4秒后..."); fixedExecutor.shutdown(); } }打印结果:
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
pool-1-thread-2 index:1
pool-1-thread-3 index:2
4秒后...
pool-1-thread-3 index:5
pool-1-thread-1 index:3
pool-1-thread-2 index:4
-
newCachedThreadPool
可缓存的线程池,如果线程池的容量超过了任务数,自动回收空闲线程,任务增加时可以自动添加新线程,线程池的容量不限制
测试代码:
public class TestThreadPool { //可缓存的线程池,如果线程池的容量超过了任务数,自动回收空闲线程,任务增加时可以自动添加新线程,线程池的容量不限制 static ExecutorService cachedExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); public static void main(String[] args) { testCachedExecutor(); } //测试可缓存线程池 private static void testCachedExecutor() { for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { final int index = i; cachedExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index); } }); } try { Thread.sleep(4000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("4秒后..."); cachedExecutor.shutdown(); } }打印结果:
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
pool-1-thread-6 index:5
pool-1-thread-5 index:4
pool-1-thread-4 index:3
pool-1-thread-3 index:2
pool-1-thread-2 index:1
4秒后...
-
newScheduledThreadPool 定长线程池,可执行周期性的任务
测试代码:
public class TestThreadPool { //定长线程池,可执行周期性的任务 static ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3); public static void main(String[] args) { testScheduledExecutor(); } //测试定长、可周期执行的线程池 private static void testScheduledExecutor() { for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { final int index = i; //scheduleWithFixedDelay 固定的延迟时间执行任务;scheduleAtFixedRate 固定的频率执行任务 scheduledExecutor.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index); } }, 0, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } try { Thread.sleep(4000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("4秒后..."); scheduledExecutor.shutdown(); } }打印结果:
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
pool-1-thread-2 index:1
pool-1-thread-3 index:2
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
pool-1-thread-3 index:1
pool-1-thread-1 index:2
4秒后...
-
newSingleThreadExecutor
单线程的线程池,线程异常结束,会创建一个新的线程,能确保任务按提交顺序执行
测试代码:
public class TestThreadPool { //单线程的线程池,线程异常结束,会创建一个新的线程,能确保任务按提交顺序执行 static ExecutorService singleExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); public static void main(String[] args) { testSingleExecutor(); } //测试单线程的线程池 private static void testSingleExecutor() { for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { final int index = i; singleExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index); } }); } try { Thread.sleep(4000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("4秒后..."); singleExecutor.shutdown(); } }打印结果:
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
4秒后...
pool-1-thread-1 index:1
pool-1-thread-1 index:2
-
newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor
单线程可执行周期性任务的线程池
测试代码:
public class TestThreadPool { //单线程可执行周期性任务的线程池 static ScheduledExecutorService singleScheduledExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(); public static void main(String[] args) { testSingleScheduledExecutor(); } //测试单线程可周期执行的线程池 private static void testSingleScheduledExecutor() { for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { final int index = i; //scheduleWithFixedDelay 固定的延迟时间执行任务;scheduleAtFixedRate 固定的频率执行任务 singleScheduledExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index); } }, 0, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } try { Thread.sleep(4000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("4秒后..."); singleScheduledExecutor.shutdown(); } }打印结果:
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
pool-1-thread-1 index:1
pool-1-thread-1 index:2
pool-1-thread-1 index:0
pool-1-thread-1 index:1
pool-1-thread-1 index:2
4秒后...
-
newWorkStealingPool
任务窃取线程池,不保证执行顺序,适合任务耗时差异较大。
线程池中有多个线程队列,有的线程队列中有大量的比较耗时的任务堆积,而有的线程队列却是空的,就存在有的线程处于饥饿状态,当一个线程处于饥饿状态时,它就会去其它的线程队列中窃取任务。解决饥饿导致的效率问题。
默认创建的并行 level 是 CPU 的核数。主线程结束,即使线程池有任务也会立即停止。
测试代码:
public class TestThreadPool { //任务窃取线程池 static ExecutorService workStealingExecutor = Executors.newWorkStealingPool(); public static void main(String[] args) { testWorkStealingExecutor(); } //测试任务窃取线程池 private static void testWorkStealingExecutor() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {//本机 CPU 8核,这里创建10个任务进行测试 final int index = i; workStealingExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index); } }); } try { Thread.sleep(4000);//这里主线程不休眠,不会有打印输出 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("4秒后..."); // workStealingExecutor.shutdown(); } }打印结果如下,index:8,index:9并未打印出:
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1 index:0
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-7 index:6
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-5 index:4
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3 index:2
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-4 index:3
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2 index:1
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:7
ForkJoinPool-1-worker-6 index:5
4秒后...