写译 — 解释一下用户态和内核态？
- Author : Cyan_RA9
- 和大家分享英语写译，包括计算机英文教材，计算机基础，中英文诗词，英文名著，日常对话等，每一篇文章 我都会分别给出“原文内容”，“第一版翻译” 和 “第二版翻译”，以及“生词整理”共四部分。
- 写译 — 解释一下用户态和内核态？
【原文内容】
- 用户态：当在用户空间执行应用程序自己的代码时，称为用户模式（User Mode），也称为用户态；当CPU处于用户态时只能运行部分指令，访问特定范围的内存空间，即用户空间，而应用程序的代码和数据保存在用户空间中。
- 内核态：用户程序调用系统API函数称为系统调用，一旦发生了系统调用，将暂停用户程序的执行，转而执行内核代码，访问内核空间，这称为内核模式（Kernel Mode），也称为内核态；处于内核态时可以运行全部指令，访问全部内存空间，具有对硬件的完全访问权限。
【第一版翻译：（润色前，手译）】
- USER MODE : refers to a state where CPU executes application program's own code in user space, and this state is termed User Mode; when CPU is in User Mode, it can only run partial code, access memory over a certain range, namely User Space which preserves both code and data of application program.
- KERNEL MODE : describes that a user program invokes API functions from system and this mechanism is termed System Call, once a System Call happens, the CPU will suspend the execution of current user program and then turn to execute kernel code and access kernel space, and this state is termed Kernel Mode; When CPU is in Kernel Mode, it can run all instructions, access all memory space and has the absolute access permission to hardwares.
【第二版翻译：（润色后，雅思水准）】
- USER MODE : refers to the state where the CPU executes an application program's own code within user space, and this state is termed User Mode; when the CPU is in User Mode, it can only execute a subset of instructions, access memory over a certain range, namely User Space, where the application program's code and data are stored.
- KERNEL MODE : describes the state entered when a user program invokes system API functions, a mechanism also known as a System Call. Once a System Call occurs, the CPU suspends the execution of current user program and then switch to executing kernel code and accessing kernel space. This state is termed Kernel Mode; When CPU is in Kernel Mode, it can execute all instructions, access all memory space and has the absolute access permission to hardware.
【生词整理】
- within user space：phrase.在用户空间（within强调在某个区域内部）
- a subset of：phrase.部分......
- occur：v.发生，存在，出现，（主意或想法突然）浮现于脑中；occur相比happen更加正式
- switch to sth：phrase.切换到某个事物/状态（此处的sth是一个名词）
- switch to doing sth：phrase.切换到做某事（此处的doing sth是一个动名词短语，整体充当介词to的宾语）
- look forward to V-ing：phrase.期待（做某事）
- be used to V-ding：phrase.习惯于（做某事）
- object to V-ding：phrase.反对于（做某事）
- contribute to V-ding：phrase.有助于（做某事）
- devote oneself to V-ding：phrase.致力于（做某事）
【写译手稿】
