【Harmony OS 5】ArkUI-X 社交应用开发深度实践

##ArkUI-X##

ArkUI-X 社交应用开发深度实践

一、现代社交应用架构设计

1.1 社交应用分层架构

// 社交应用核心架构
@Entry
@Component
struct SocialApp {
  @Provide('socialState') socialState: SocialState = new SocialState()
  @Provide('feedManager') feedManager: FeedManager = new FeedManager()
  @Provide('chatManager') chatManager: ChatManager = new ChatManager()

  build() {
    Column() {
      // 主导航
      TabRouter({
        tabs: [
          { icon: 'home', component: FeedPage },
          { icon: 'search', component: DiscoverPage },
          { icon: 'add', component: CreatePostPage },
          { icon: 'chat', component: ChatListPage },
          { icon: 'user', component: ProfilePage }
        ]
      })
      
      // 全局状态监听
      NetworkStatusMonitor()
      NotificationBadge()
    }
  }
}

// 社交状态管理
class SocialState {
  @Tracked currentUser: UserProfile | null = null
  @Tracked unreadCount: number = 0
  @Tracked onlineFriends: Friend[] = []
}

// 动态流管理
class FeedManager {
  private cachedFeeds: FeedItem[] = []
  
  async refreshFeeds(): Promise<FeedItem[]> {
    // 实现动态刷新逻辑
  }
  
  async likePost(postId: string): Promise<void> {
    // 实现点赞逻辑
  }
}

二、核心社交功能实现

2.1 智能动态信息流

// 动态信息流组件
@Component
struct SmartFeed {
  @State feeds: FeedItem[] = []
  @State isLoading: boolean = false
  @State isRefreshing: boolean = false
  private lastFetchTime: number = 0

  aboutToAppear() {
    this.loadFeeds(true)
  }

  loadFeeds(initialLoad: boolean = false) {
    if (initialLoad) {
      this.isLoading = true
    } else {
      this.isRefreshing = true
    }
    
    FeedService.getFeeds({
      since: this.lastFetchTime,
      limit: 20
    }).then(newFeeds => {
      this.feeds = [...newFeeds, ...this.feeds]
      this.lastFetchTime = Date.now()
    }).finally(() => {
      this.isLoading = false
      this.isRefreshing = false
    })
  }

  build() {
    List({ space: 10 }) {
      ForEach(this.feeds, (feed) => {
        ListItem() {
          FeedCard({
            feed: feed,
            onLike: () => this.handleLike(feed.id),
            onComment: () => navigateToComments(feed.id)
          })
        }
      })

      // 加载更多指示器
      if (this.isLoading) {
        ListItem() {
          LoadingIndicator()
        }
      }
    }
    .onScrollIndex((start) => {
      if (start >= this.feeds.length - 5) {
        this.loadFeeds()
      }
    })
    .refreshable({
      refreshing: this.isRefreshing,
      onRefresh: () => this.loadFeeds()
    })
  }

  handleLike(postId: string) {
    this.feeds = this.feeds.map(feed => {
      if (feed.id === postId) {
        return { ...feed, isLiked: !feed.isLiked }
      }
      return feed
    })
    this.feedManager.likePost(postId)
  }
}

2.2 实时聊天系统

// 聊天室组件
@Component
struct ChatRoom {
  @State messages: ChatMessage[] = []
  @State newMessage: string = ''
  @State isSending: boolean = false
  private socket: WebSocket | null = null
  private roomId: string

  aboutToAppear() {
    this.connectWebSocket()
    this.loadHistory()
  }

  connectWebSocket() {
    this.socket = new WebSocket(`wss://chat.example.com/ws/${this.roomId}`)
    this.socket.onmessage = (event) => {
      const msg = JSON.parse(event.data)
      this.messages = [...this.messages, msg]
      scrollToBottom()
    }
  }

  async loadHistory() {
    const history = await ChatService.getHistory(this.roomId)
    this.messages = history
  }

  async sendMessage() {
    if (!this.newMessage.trim()) return
    
    this.isSending = true
    const msg = {
      id: generateId(),
      content: this.newMessage,
      sender: this.socialState.currentUser!.id,
      timestamp: Date.now()
    }
    
    try {
      await this.socket?.send(JSON.stringify(msg))
      this.newMessage = ''
    } finally {
      this.isSending = false
    }
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      // 消息列表
      Scroll() {
        Column() {
          ForEach(this.messages, (msg) => {
            ChatBubble({
              message: msg,
              isMe: msg.sender === this.socialState.currentUser?.id
            })
          })
        }
        .padding(10)
      }
      .layoutWeight(1)

      // 输入框
      MessageInput({
        value: this.newMessage,
        onChange: (value) => this.newMessage = value,
        onSend: () => this.sendMessage(),
        disabled: this.isSending
      })
    }
  }
}

三、社交发现与连接

3.1 智能好友推荐

// 好友推荐组件
@Component
struct FriendRecommendation {
  @State recommendations: Recommendation[] = []
  @State isLoading: boolean = true
  @State activeTab: 'contacts' | 'suggestions' = 'suggestions'

  aboutToAppear() {
    this.loadRecommendations()
  }

  async loadRecommendations() {
    try {
      const data = await SocialGraph.getRecommendations(
        this.socialState.currentUser!.id,
        {
          basedOn: ['contacts', 'interests', 'location']
        }
      )
      this.recommendations = data
    } finally {
      this.isLoading = false
    }
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      // 标签切换
      SegmentedControl({
        options: [
          { value: 'suggestions', label: '智能推荐' },
          { value: 'contacts', label: '通讯录好友' }
        ],
        selected: this.activeTab,
        onSelect: (tab) => this.activeTab = tab
      })

      // 推荐列表
      if (this.isLoading) {
        LoadingIndicator()
      } else if (this.activeTab === 'suggestions') {
        ForEach(this.recommendations, (rec) => {
          RecommendationCard({
            profile: rec.user,
            reason: rec.reason,
            onAdd: () => this.sendRequest(rec.user.id)
          })
        })
      } else {
        ContactList()
      }
    }
  }

  async sendRequest(userId: string) {
    await SocialGraph.sendRequest(
      this.socialState.currentUser!.id,
      userId
    )
    showToast('好友请求已发送')
  }
}

3.2 基于位置的社交发现

// 附近的人组件
@Component
struct NearbyPeople {
  @State users: NearbyUser[] = []
  @State isLoading: boolean = true
  @State permissionGranted: boolean = false
  @State currentLocation: Location | null = null

  aboutToAppear() {
    this.checkPermission()
  }

  async checkPermission() {
    const status = await Location.checkPermission()
    this.permissionGranted = status === 'granted'
    if (this.permissionGranted) {
      this.fetchLocation()
    }
  }

  async fetchLocation() {
    try {
      this.currentLocation = await Location.getCurrentPosition()
      this.loadNearbyUsers()
    } catch (error) {
      showToast('获取位置失败')
    }
  }

  async loadNearbyUsers() {
    if (!this.currentLocation) return
    
    this.isLoading = true
    try {
      this.users = await DiscoveryService.getNearbyUsers({
        lat: this.currentLocation.latitude,
        lng: this.currentLocation.longitude,
        radius: 5000 // 5公里
      })
    } finally {
      this.isLoading = false
    }
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      if (!this.permissionGranted) {
        PermissionRequest({
          onGrant: () => this.checkPermission()
        })
      } else if (this.isLoading) {
        LoadingIndicator()
      } else {
        MapView({
          users: this.users,
          center: this.currentLocation!,
          onUserSelect: (user) => navigateToProfile(user.id)
        })
        
        List() {
          ForEach(this.users, (user) => {
            ListItem() {
              NearbyUserCard({
                user: user,
                distance: calculateDistance(
                  this.currentLocation!,
                  user.location
                )
              })
            }
          })
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

四、社交互动增强

4.1 AR表情与滤镜

// AR相机组件
@Component
struct ARSocialCamera {
  @State currentEffect: AREffect | null = null
  @State isRecording: boolean = false
  @State recordedVideo: string | null = null
  private camera: CameraController | null = null

  build() {
    Stack() {
      // AR相机预览
      ARCameraView({
        effect: this.currentEffect,
        onInit: (controller) => this.camera = controller
      })
      
      // 效果选择器
      AREffectPicker({
        effects: [
          'dog_ears',
          'heart_eyes',
          'rainbow_vomit',
          'time_tunnel'
        ],
        onSelect: (effect) => {
          this.currentEffect = effect
        }
      })
      
      // 控制按钮
      CameraControls({
        isRecording: this.isRecording,
        onTakePhoto: () => this.takePhoto(),
        onStartRecording: () => this.startRecording(),
        onStopRecording: () => this.stopRecording()
      })
      
      // 预览界面
      if (this.recordedVideo) {
        VideoPreview({
          uri: this.recordedVideo,
          onPost: () => this.postContent(),
          onRetake: () => this.recordedVideo = null
        })
      }
    }
  }

  async takePhoto() {
    const photo = await this.camera?.takePhoto()
    navigateToPostCreation(photo)
  }

  async startRecording() {
    this.isRecording = true
    await this.camera?.startRecording()
  }

  async stopRecording() {
    const video = await this.camera?.stopRecording()
    this.isRecording = false
    this.recordedVideo = video
  }

  postContent() {
    if (this.recordedVideo) {
      FeedService.postVideo(this.recordedVideo)
      this.recordedVideo = null
    }
  }
}

4.2 社交游戏化互动

// 互动小游戏组件
@Component
struct SocialGame {
  @State gameState: 'idle' | 'playing' | 'finished' = 'idle'
  @State score: number = 0
  @State opponentScore: number = 0
  @State timeLeft: number = 30
  private timer: number | null = null
  private gameId: string | null = null

  startGame() {
    this.gameState = 'playing'
    this.timer = setInterval(() => {
      this.timeLeft--
      if (this.timeLeft <= 0) {
        this.endGame()
      }
    }, 1000)
    
    this.gameId = SocialGameService.createGame(
      this.socialState.currentUser!.id,
      'quick_match'
    )
  }

  endGame() {
    if (this.timer) {
      clearInterval(this.timer)
    }
    this.gameState = 'finished'
    
    if (this.gameId) {
      SocialGameService.submitScore(
        this.gameId,
        this.score
      )
    }
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      if (this.gameState === 'idle') {
        GameLobby({
          onStart: () => this.startGame()
        })
      } else if (this.gameState === 'playing') {
        GamePlayArea({
          onScore: () => this.score++,
          timeLeft: this.timeLeft,
          score: this.score,
          opponentScore: this.opponentScore
        })
      } else {
        GameResult({
          score: this.score,
          opponentScore: this.opponentScore,
          onRematch: () => {
            this.resetGame()
            this.startGame()
          }
        })
      }
    }
  }

  resetGame() {
    this.score = 0
    this.opponentScore = 0
    this.timeLeft = 30
    this.gameState = 'idle'
  }
}

五、社交数据与隐私

5.1 隐私控制中心

// 隐私设置组件
@Component
struct PrivacySettings {
  @State settings: PrivacySettings = {
    profileVisibility: 'friends',
    contactSync: false,
    locationSharing: 'none',
    blockedUsers: []
  }
  @State isLoading: boolean = true

  aboutToAppear() {
    this.loadSettings()
  }

  async loadSettings() {
    this.settings = await PrivacyService.getSettings()
    this.isLoading = false
  }

  async saveSettings() {
    this.isLoading = true
    try {
      await PrivacyService.updateSettings(this.settings)
      showToast('设置已保存')
    } finally {
      this.isLoading = false
    }
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      if (this.isLoading) {
        LoadingIndicator()
      } else {
        Form() {
          FormItem('个人资料可见性') {
            Picker({
              options: [
                { value: 'public', label: '公开' },
                { value: 'friends', label: '仅好友' },
                { value: 'private', label: '仅自己' }
              ],
              selected: this.settings.profileVisibility,
              onSelect: (value) => {
                this.settings.profileVisibility = value
              }
            })
          }
          
          FormItem('位置共享') {
            Picker({
              options: [
                { value: 'none', label: '不共享' },
                { value: 'approximate', label: '大致位置' },
                { value: 'precise', label: '精确位置' }
              ],
              selected: this.settings.locationSharing,
              onSelect: (value) => {
                this.settings.locationSharing = value
              }
            })
          }
          
          FormItem('同步通讯录') {
            Toggle({
              isOn: this.settings.contactSync,
              onChange: (value) => {
                this.settings.contactSync = value
              }
            })
          }
        }
        
        Button('保存设置')
          .onClick(() => this.saveSettings())
      }
    }
  }
}

5.2 社交数据分析

// 社交数据仪表盘
@Component
struct SocialAnalytics {
  @State stats: SocialStats | null = null
  @State timeRange: '7d' | '30d' | '90d' = '7d'
  @State activeTab: 'growth' | 'engagement' | 'content' = 'growth'

  aboutToAppear() {
    this.loadData()
  }

  async loadData() {
    this.stats = await AnalyticsService.getSocialStats({
      userId: this.socialState.currentUser!.id,
      range: this.timeRange
    })
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      // 时间范围选择
      SegmentedControl({
        options: [
          { value: '7d', label: '最近7天' },
          { value: '30d', label: '最近30天' },
          { value: '90d', label: '最近90天' }
        ],
        selected: this.timeRange,
        onSelect: (range) => {
          this.timeRange = range
          this.loadData()
        }
      })
      
      // 分析标签页
      TabContent({ activeTab: this.activeTab }) {
        // 增长分析
        TabPane('growth') {
          if (this.stats) {
            GrowthCharts({ stats: this.stats.growth })
          }
        }
        
        // 互动分析
        TabPane('engagement') {
          if (this.stats) {
            EngagementCharts({ stats: this.stats.engagement })
          }
        }
        
        // 内容分析
        TabPane('content') {
          if (this.stats) {
            ContentCharts({ stats: this.stats.content })
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

六、未来社交趋势

1. 全息社交互动：3D全息投影远程社交
2. 脑波情感共享：直接的情感体验交流
3. 元宇宙社交身份：跨平台的数字身份系统
4. AI社交代理：智能化的社交关系管理
5. 量子社交加密：无法破解的隐私通信

ArkUI-X将持续赋能社交应用创新，通过其强大的跨平台能力和丰富的交互特性，帮助开发者构建下一代社交体验。本指南展示的架构模式和实现方案，涵盖了从基础社交功能到前沿社交互动的全场景解决方案，为社交应用的开发提供了全面的技术参考。