写译 — 操作系统四大基本特性是什么？

Cyan_RA9
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  • Author : Cyan_RA9
  • 和大家分享英语写译，包括计算机英文教材，计算机基础，中英文诗词，英文名著，日常对话等，每一篇文章 我都会分别给出“原文内容”，“第一版翻译” 和 “第二版翻译”，以及“生词整理”共四部分。
  • 写译 — 操作系统四大基本特性是什么？

【原文内容】

操作系统四大基本特性

  1. 并发（Concurrency）：是指计算机系统在一段时间内有多个程序在同时执行。
  2. 共享（Sharing）：是指内存中多个并发执行的进程（线程）同时使用同一个系统资源；将资源的共享使用称为“资源共享”或“资源复用”。并发和共享是多用户操作系统的两个最基本特征，并发是共享的前提，共享是并发的基础。
  3. 虚拟（Virtualization）：是指通过某种技术将一个物理实体变成若干个逻辑上的对应物，常用的虚拟技术是“时分复用技术”和“空分复用技术”。
  4. 异步（Asynchrony）：是指多道程序并发执行时，进程并不是一直不间断地从开始执行到结束，而是以等待 - 执行的循环方式和不可预期的速度向前推进。

【第一版翻译：（润色前，手译）】

Four Fundamental Characteristics of Operating System

  1. CONCURRENCY : refers to a state where multiple programs execute simultaneously over a given period.
  2. SHARING : refers to a state where multiple concurrent processes execute using the same kind of system resource simultaneously within Memory. The shared usage of resources is termed "Resource Sharing" or "Resource Reuse". Concurrency and Resource Sharing constitute the two most fundamental characteristics of multi-user operating systems, and the former is the premise of the latter while the latter is the basis of the former.
  3. VIRTUALIZATION : refers to a technique which can turn a physical entity into several logical counterparts and the most commonly used virtualization techniques are time-division multiplexing(TDM) and space-division multiplexing(SDM).
  4. ASYNCHRONY : refers to the behavior where concurrently executing processes in a multi-programming system do not run uninterruptedly from start to termination, but rather progress unpredictably through alternating wait-execute cycles at non-deterministic speeds.

【第二版翻译：（润色后，雅思水准）】

Four Fundamental Characteristics of Operating System

  1. CONCURRENCY : describes a system state in which multiple programs make progress simultaneously within a defined time interval.
  2. SHARING : refers to a state where multiple concurrent processes within Memory access the same system resource in a time-multiplexed or space-partitioned manner. This mechanism is formally termed "Resource Sharing" when emphasizing accessibility or "Resource Reuse" when highlighting efficiency optimization. Concurrency and Resource Sharing constitute the two most fundamental characteristics of multi-user operating systems, and the former is the premise of the latter while the latter is the basis of the former.
  3. VIRTUALIZATION : refers to a technique which can abstract a physical entity into several isolated logical counterparts and the most commonly used virtualization techniques are time-division multiplexing(TDM) and space-division multiplexing(SDM).
  4. ASYNCHRONY : refers to the behavior where concurrently executing processes in a multi-programming system do not run incessantly from start to termination, but rather progress unpredictably through alternating wait-execute cycles at non-deterministic speeds.

【生词整理】

  • within a defined time interval：phrase.在一段时间内
  • xxx and yyy constitute the two most fundamental characteristics of Z：xxx 和 yyy是 Z 的两个最基本特征
  • the two most fundamental characteristics of Z：phrase.Z的两个最基本特征
  • multi-user operating system：phrase.多用户操作系统
  • Resource Sharing：phrase.资源共享
  • Resource Reuse：phrase.资源复用
  • time-division multiplexing(TDM)：phrase.时分复用技术
  • space-division multiplexing(SDM)：phrase.空分复用技术
  • (through) alternating wait-execute cycles：phrase.（以）等待 - 执行的循环方式
  • non-deterministic：adj.不可预期的
  • deterministic：adj.确定性的，不可抗拒的

【写译手稿】

写译5-1-操纵系统的四大基本特性.jpg

写译5-2-操作系统的四大基本特性.jpg

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