结合Jest测试框架HarmonyOS 5原子化服务的自动化测试

黑马波哥
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以下为 ​​基于Jest框架的HarmonyOS 5原子化服务自动化测试完整方案​​，包含组件测试、状态管理和服务间通信的代码实现：

1. 测试环境搭建

1.1 测试框架配置

// jest.config.js
module.exports = {
  preset: 'harmony-jest-preset',
  testEnvironment: '@ohos/harmony-test-env',
  moduleNameMapper: {
    '@ohos': '<rootDir>/test/mocks/ohos-mock.js'
  },
  setupFilesAfterEnv: ['<rootDir>/test/setup.js'],
  transform: {
    '^.+\.ets$': 'harmony-jest-transformer'
  }
}

1.2 模拟HarmonyOS运行时

// test/mocks/ohos-mock.js
jest.mock('@ohos.app.ability.ServiceAbility', () => ({
  startAbility: jest.fn(),
  connectAbility: jest.fn()
}));

jest.mock('@ohos.data.distributedData', () => ({
  createKVManager: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
    getKVStore: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({
      put: jest.fn(),
      get: jest.fn()
    })
  })
}));

2. 原子服务组件测试

2.1 UI组件测试

// CardComponent.test.ets
import { renderComponent } from '@ohos/harmony-test-utils';
import CardComponent from '../src/components/Card';

describe('CardComponent', () => {
  it('should render with title', async () => {
    const { findByText } = await renderComponent(CardComponent, {
      props: { title: 'Test Card' }
    });
    
    expect(await findByText('Test Card')).toBeTruthy();
  });

  it('should emit click event', async () => {
    const onClick = jest.fn();
    const { component } = await renderComponent(CardComponent, {
      props: { onClick }
    });
    
    await component.triggerClick();
    expect(onClick).toHaveBeenCalled();
  });
});

2.2 状态管理测试

// counter-store.test.ets
import CounterStore from '../src/stores/Counter';

describe('CounterStore', () => {
  let store: CounterStore;

  beforeEach(() => {
    store = new CounterStore();
  });

  it('should increment count', () => {
    store.increment();
    expect(store.count).toBe(1);
  });

  it('should reset count', () => {
    store.increment();
    store.reset();
    expect(store.count).toBe(0);
  });
});

3. 服务能力测试

3.1 分布式能力测试

// distributed-service.test.ets
import DistributedService from '../src/services/DistributedService';

jest.mock('@ohos.data.distributedData');

describe('DistributedService', () => {
  let service: DistributedService;

  beforeAll(() => {
    service = new DistributedService('test_store');
  });

  it('should sync data across devices', async () => {
    await service.syncData({ key: 'test', value: '123' });
    expect(service.getKVStore().put).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test', '123');
  });
});

3.2 生命周期测试

// service-lifecycle.test.ets
import MyServiceAbility from '../src/ability/MyService';

describe('MyServiceAbility', () => {
  let service: MyServiceAbility;

  beforeEach(() => {
    service = new MyServiceAbility();
  });

  it('should initialize on create', () => {
    service.onCreate();
    expect(service.isInitialized).toBeTruthy();
  });

  it('should cleanup on destroy', () => {
    service.onCreate();
    service.onDestroy();
    expect(service.isInitialized).toBeFalsy();
  });
});

4. 异步操作测试

4.1 API请求测试

// api-client.test.ets
import ApiClient from '../src/api/ApiClient';

describe('ApiClient', () => {
  it('should fetch user data', async () => {
    const client = new ApiClient();
    const user = await client.getUser('user123');
    
    expect(user).toEqual({
      id: 'user123',
      name: 'Test User'
    });
  });

  it('should handle errors', async () => {
    const client = new ApiClient();
    await expect(client.getUser('invalid')).rejects.toThrow('User not found');
  });
});

4.2 定时任务测试

// timer-service.test.ets
import TimerService from '../src/services/Timer';

jest.useFakeTimers();

describe('TimerService', () => {
  it('should trigger callback after delay', () => {
    const callback = jest.fn();
    TimerService.startTimer(callback, 1000);
    
    jest.advanceTimersByTime(1000);
    expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
  });
});

5. 集成测试

5.1 多服务协作测试

// payment-flow.test.ets
import PaymentService from '../src/services/Payment';
import InventoryService from '../src/services/Inventory';

describe('Payment Flow', () => {
  it('should complete checkout process', async () => {
    const payment = new PaymentService();
    const inventory = new InventoryService();
    
    await payment.processOrder('order123');
    expect(inventory.getStock('item1')).resolves.toBeLessThan(10);
  });
});

5.2 跨设备交互测试

// cross-device.test.ets
import DeviceCoordinator from '../src/services/DeviceCoordinator';

describe('Cross-Device Interaction', () => {
  it('should sync state between devices', async () => {
    const coordinator = new DeviceCoordinator();
    await coordinator.connectDevices(['device1', 'device2']);
    
    await coordinator.broadcast('state_update', { value: 1 });
    expect(coordinator.getDeviceState('device1')).resolves.toEqual({ value: 1 });
  });
});

6. Mock策略

6.1 设备能力Mock

// test/mocks/device-mock.js
jest.mock('@ohos.device', () => ({
  getInfo: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
    deviceId: 'mock_device',
    model: 'Test Device'
  }),
  battery: {
    getStatus: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({
      level: 80,
      charging: true
    })
  }
}));

6.2 分布式数据Mock

// test/mocks/distributed-mock.js
const mockKVStore = {
  data: new Map(),
  put: jest.fn(async (key, value) => {
    this.data.set(key, value);
  }),
  get: jest.fn(async (key) => {
    return this.data.get(key);
  })
};

jest.mock('@ohos.data.distributedData', () => ({
  createKVManager: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
    getKVStore: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(mockKVStore)
  })
}));

7. 测试覆盖率收集

7.1 覆盖率配置

// package.json
{
  "jest": {
    "collectCoverage": true,
    "coverageReporters": ["lcov", "text"],
    "coveragePathIgnorePatterns": [
      "/test/",
      "/mock/"
    ]
  }
}

7.2 覆盖率阈值

// jest.config.js
module.exports = {
  coverageThreshold: {
    global: {
      branches: 80,
      functions: 85,
      lines: 90,
      statements: 90
    }
  }
}

8. 持续集成配置

8.1 GitHub Actions示例

# .github/workflows/test.yml
name: HarmonyOS Test

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - run: npm install
      - run: npm test -- --ci --coverage
      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3

8.2 本地测试脚本

// package.json
{
  "scripts": {
    "test": "jest",
    "test:watch": "jest --watch",
    "test:coverage": "jest --coverage"
  }
}

9. 高级测试场景

9.1 性能基准测试

// performance.test.ets
describe('Render Performance', () => {
  it('should render under 16ms', async () => {
    const { renderTime } = await renderComponent(ComplexComponent);
    expect(renderTime).toBeLessThan(16);
  });
});

9.2 压力测试

// stress.test.ets
describe('Service Stress Test', () => {
  it('should handle 1000 requests', async () => {
    const service = new HeavyLoadService();
    const requests = Array(1000).fill(0).map((_, i) => 
      service.processRequest(`req_${i}`)
    );
    
    await expect(Promise.all(requests)).resolves.not.toThrow();
  });
});

10. 测试报告生成

10.1 HTML报告配置

// jest.config.js
module.exports = {
  reporters: [
    'default',
    ['jest-html-reporters', {
      pageTitle: 'HarmonyOS Test Report',
      includeFailureMsg: true
    }]
  ]
}

10.2 自定义报告格式

// custom-reporter.ets
class HarmonyReporter {
  onTestResult(test: any, result: any) {
    fs.writeFileSync(
      `./reports/${test.path.replace('/', '_')}.json`,
      JSON.stringify({
        name: test.name,
        status: result.status,
        duration: result.duration
      })
    );
  }
}

module.exports = HarmonyReporter;

通过本方案可实现：

  1. ​​90%+​​ 代码覆盖率
  2. ​​毫秒级​​ 组件渲染测试
  3. ​​全自动​​ 分布式场景验证
  4. ​​无缝集成​​ CI/CD流程
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