数据加密验证：自动化测试HarmonyOS5端侧数据库的AES-256防护

以下为 ​​HarmonyOS 5端侧数据库AES-256加密防护的自动化测试方案​​，包含加密验证、密钥安全测试及性能分析的完整代码实现：

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1. 测试架构设计

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2. 核心测试模块

2.1 加密数据库配置

// encrypted-db.ets
const DB_CONFIG = {
    name: 'secure_db',
    version: 1,
    encryption: {
        algorithm: 'AES-256-GCM',
        key: KeyGenerator.deriveFromPassword('user123!', {
            iterations: 10000,
            salt: 'harmony_salt'
        })
    },
    tables: [
        {
            name: 'users',
            columns: [
                { name: 'id', type: 'integer', primaryKey: true },
                { name: 'name', type: 'text', encrypted: true },
                { name: 'ssn', type: 'text', encrypted: true }
            ]
        }
    ]
};

2.2 自动化测试桩数据

// test-data.ets
function generateTestData(): any[] {
    return [
        { id: 1, name: '张三', ssn: '320****1990' },
        { id: 2, name: '李四', ssn: '510****1985' },
        { id: 3, name: '王五', ssn: '210****2000' }
    ];
}

---

3. 加密验证测试

3.1 写入加密验证

// write-test.ets
test('数据写入时应自动加密', async () => {
    const db = await Database.open(DB_CONFIG);
    const testData = generateTestData()[0];
    
    await db.insert('users', testData);
    const rawData = await db.rawQuery(
        'SELECT name, ssn FROM users WHERE id = 1'
    );
    
    // 验证密文不等于明文
    expect(rawData[0].name).not.toBe(testData.name);
    expect(rawData[0].ssn).not.toBe(testData.ssn);
    
    // 验证密文格式
    expect(rawData[0].name).toMatch(/^[A-Z0-9+=/]{32,}$/i);
});

3.2 解密读取验证

// read-test.ets
test('数据读取时应自动解密', async () => {
    const db = await Database.open(DB_CONFIG);
    const testData = generateTestData()[0];
    
    const result = await db.select('users', {
        where: { id: 1 }
    });
    
    // 验证解密后数据一致
    expect(result[0].name).toBe(testData.name);
    expect(result[0].ssn).toBe(testData.ssn);
});

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4. 密钥安全测试

4.1 密钥存储验证

// key-security.ets
test('密钥不应明文存储', () => {
    const keyPath = '/data/data/com.example.app/databases/secure_db.key';
    const keyFile = readSystemFile(keyPath);
    
    // 验证密钥文件是否加密
    expect(isEncrypted(keyFile)).toBeTruthy();
    
    // 验证内存中的密钥保护
    expect(MemoryProtection.isProtected(DB_CONFIG.encryption.key))
        .toBeTruthy();
});

4.2 密钥轮换测试

// key-rotation.ets
test('密钥轮换后应能解密旧数据', async () => {
    const oldKey = DB_CONFIG.encryption.key;
    const db = await Database.open(DB_CONFIG);
    
    // 插入测试数据
    await db.insert('users', generateTestData()[0]);
    
    // 模拟密钥轮换
    const newKey = KeyGenerator.generate();
    await db.rotateKey(oldKey, newKey);
    
    // 验证数据可读
    const result = await db.select('users', { where: { id: 1 } });
    expect(result[0].name).toBe('张三');
});

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5. 完整性校验

5.1 密文篡改检测

// tamper-test.ets
test('篡改密文应拒绝解密', async () => {
    const db = await Database.open(DB_CONFIG);
    await db.insert('users', generateTestData()[1]);
    
    // 篡改数据库文件
    const dbFile = '/data/data/com.example.app/databases/secure_db';
    modifyRandomBytes(dbFile, { offset: 1024, length: 16 });
    
    // 尝试读取应抛出异常
    await expectAsync(
        db.select('users', { where: { id: 2 } })
    ).toBeRejectedWithError(/integrity check failed/);
});

5.2 GCM认证标签验证

// gcm-test.ets
test('无效GCM标签应拒绝解密', async () => {
    const db = await Database.open(DB_CONFIG);
    await db.insert('users', generateTestData()[2]);
    
    // 获取原始密文
    const cipherText = await db.rawQuery(
        'SELECT name FROM users WHERE id = 3'
    );
    
    // 修改GCM认证标签
    const tampered = cipherText[0].name.slice(0, -12) + 'AAAAAAAAAAAA';
    await db.rawExec(
        'UPDATE users SET name = ? WHERE id = 3',
        [tampered]
    );
    
    await expectAsync(
        db.select('users', { where: { id: 3 } })
    ).toBeRejectedWithError(/authentication tag mismatch/);
});

---

6. 性能基准测试

6.1 加密吞吐量测试

// throughput-test.ets
test('AES-256-GCM吞吐量应≥50MB/s', async () => {
    const testData = generateLargeData(10 * 1024 * 1024); // 10MB数据
    const db = await Database.open(DB_CONFIG);
    
    const start = performance.now();
    await db.insert('users', {
        id: 999,
        name: 'perf_test',
        ssn: testData
    });
    const duration = performance.now() - start;
    
    const throughput = (10 / (duration / 1000)).toFixed(2);
    expect(throughput).toBeGreaterThan(50); // MB/s
});

6.2 延迟测试

// latency-test.ets
test('单条记录加解密延迟应<5ms', async () => {
    const db = await Database.open(DB_CONFIG);
    const testData = generateTestData()[0];
    
    const encryptStart = performance.now();
    await db.insert('users', testData);
    const encryptTime = performance.now() - encryptStart;
    
    const decryptStart = performance.now();
    await db.select('users', { where: { id: 1 } });
    const decryptTime = performance.now() - decryptStart;
    
    expect(encryptTime).toBeLessThan(5);
    expect(decryptTime).toBeLessThan(5);
});

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7. 安全边界测试

7.1 无效密钥测试

// invalid-key.ets
test('使用错误密钥应拒绝访问', async () => {
    const db = await Database.open(DB_CONFIG);
    await db.insert('users', generateTestData()[0]);
    
    // 尝试用错误密钥打开
    const fakeConfig = { ...DB_CONFIG };
    fakeConfig.encryption.key = 'wrong_key_xxxxxxxx';
    
    await expectAsync(
        Database.open(fakeConfig)
    ).toBeRejectedWithError(/decryption failed/);
});

7.2 内存残留检测

// memory-dump.ets
test('内存中不应残留明文', async () => {
    const db = await Database.open(DB_CONFIG);
    const sensitiveData = generateTestData()[0].ssn;
    
    await db.insert('users', generateTestData()[0]);
    await db.select('users', { where: { id: 1 } });
    
    // 扫描进程内存
    const memory = dumpProcessMemory();
    expect(memory.includes(sensitiveData)).toBeFalsy();
});

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8. 自动化测试套件

8.1 完整测试流程

// test-suite.ets
describe('AES-256数据库加密', () => {
    beforeAll(async () => {
        await Database.create(DB_CONFIG);
    });
    
    afterAll(async () => {
        await Database.delete('secure_db');
    });
    
    test('写入加密验证', () => testWriteEncryption());
    test('读取解密验证', () => testReadDecryption());
    test('密钥安全测试', () => testKeySecurity());
    test('完整性校验测试', () => testIntegrity());
    test('性能基准测试', () => testPerformance());
});

8.2 持续集成配置

# .gitlab-ci.yml
stages:
  - security_test

aes256_test:
  stage: security_test
  script:
    - npm install
    - npm run test:encryption
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - test-results/security/
    reports:
      junit: test-results/security/report.xml

---

9. 测试报告生成

9.1 安全评估报告

// report-generator.ets
function generateSecurityReport(results: TestResult[]) {
    const vulnerabilities = results.filter(r => !r.passed);
    
    return {
        timestamp: new Date(),
        testedAlgorithm: 'AES-256-GCM',
        keyStrength: '256-bit',
        passedTests: results.length - vulnerabilities.length,
        vulnerabilities: vulnerabilities.map(v => ({
            testCase: v.name,
            severity: v.severity || 'medium',
            description: v.err.message
        })),
        compliance: {
            'ISO/IEC 18033-3': vulnerabilities.length === 0,
            'FIPS 197': vulnerabilities.length === 0
        }
    };
}

9.2 性能报告示例

{
  "encryptionThroughput": "78.45 MB/s",
  "averageEncryptLatency": "3.21 ms",
  "averageDecryptLatency": "2.89 ms",
  "memoryUsage": "4.2 MB",
  "compliance": {
    "OWASP Crypto": true,
    "PCI DSS": true
  }
}

---

10. 关键安全指标

测试项	达标要求	检测方法
加密强度	AES-256-GCM	算法配置验证
密钥存储安全	无明文存储	内存/存储扫描
解密完整性	GCM标签验证	密文篡改测试
内存安全	无敏感数据残留	进程内存分析
性能基准	≥50MB/s吞吐量	大数据集测试

---

11. 扩展测试能力

11.1 侧信道攻击测试

// side-channel.ets
test('加密操作不应泄露时间信息', async () => {
    const delays = [];
    
    for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
        const data = generateTestData()[i % 3];
        const start = performance.now();
        await db.insert('users', data);
        delays.push(performance.now() - start);
    }
    
    // 时间差异应小于±5%
    const avg = delays.reduce((a,b) => a + b) / delays.length;
    const maxDeviation = Math.max(...delays.map(d => Math.abs(d - avg)));
    expect(maxDeviation / avg).toBeLessThan(0.05);
});

11.2 模糊测试

// fuzz-test.ets
test('异常输入处理', async () => {
    const malformedInputs = [
        null,
        Buffer.alloc(1024 * 1024), // 1MB空数据
        { toString: () => 'malicious' },
        new Date().toISOString()
    ];
    
    for (const input of malformedInputs) {
        await expectAsync(
            db.insert('users', { id: 999, name: input, ssn: input })
        ).toBeRejected();
    }
});

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通过本测试方案可实现：

1. ​​100%​​ 加密算法合规验证
2. ​​毫秒级​​ 性能监控
3. ​​军工级​​ 安全审计
4. ​​自动化​​ 持续测试