DevEco Studio测试用例录制功能详解（HarmonyOS 5）

黑马波哥
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以下为 ​​DevEco Studio在HarmonyOS 5中的测试用例录制功能详解​​，包含操作录制、代码生成与回放验证的完整实现方案：

1. 录制功能架构

image.png

2. 核心录制功能

2.1 操作事件捕获

// event-recorder.ets
class EventRecorder {
    private events: TestEvent[] = [];
    
    start() {
        UI.addGlobalListener(this.captureEvent);
    }
    
    private captureEvent(event: InteractionEvent) {
        this.events.push({
            type: event.type,
            target: event.target.id,
            timestamp: Date.now(),
            extras: event.detail
        });
    }
    
    stop(): TestScript {
        return new TestScript(this.events);
    }
}

2.2 手势轨迹录制

// gesture-recorder.ets
class GestureRecorder {
    private path: Point[] = [];
    
    onTouchStart(pos: Point) {
        this.path = [pos];
    }
    
    onTouchMove(pos: Point) {
        this.path.push(pos);
    }
    
    export(): GesturePath {
        return {
            type: 'swipe',
            points: this.path,
            duration: this.path[this.path.length-1].time - this.path[0].time
        };
    }
}

3. 脚本生成引擎

3.1 基础操作转换

// script-generator.ets
function generateAction(event: TestEvent): string {
    switch (event.type) {
        case 'click':
            return `await element(by.id('${event.target}')).click()`;
        case 'swipe':
            return `await element(by.id('${event.target}')).swipe('${event.extras.direction}')`;
        case 'input':
            return `await element(by.id('${event.target}')).typeText('${event.extras.text}')`;
    }
}

3.2 断言自动生成

// assertion-generator.ets
function generateAssertions(event: TestEvent): string[] {
    const asserts = [];
    if (event.type === 'state_change') {
        asserts.push(`expect(element(by.id('${event.target}')).text).toBe('${event.extras.newValue}')`);
    }
    return asserts;
}

4. 回放执行引擎

4.1 脚本解释器

// script-runner.ets
class TestPlayer {
    async run(script: TestScript): Promise<TestResult> {
        const results: AssertionResult[] = [];
        
        for (const step of script.steps) {
            try {
                await executeAction(step.action);
                for (const assert of step.asserts) {
                    results.push(await evaluateAssertion(assert));
                }
            } catch (e) {
                results.push({ success: false, error: e });
            }
        }
        
        return { steps: script.steps.length, passed: results.filter(r => r.success).length };
    }
}

4.2 视觉验证

// visual-verify.ets
class VisualComparator {
    async compare(screen: string): Promise<DiffResult> {
        const baseline = await Screenshot.getBaseline(screen);
        const current = await Screenshot.capture();
        return ImageDiff.compare(baseline, current);
    }
}

5. 录制工作流示例

5.1 用户操作序列

// 录制到的操作
const recordedEvents = [
    { type: 'click', target: 'loginBtn', time: 0 },
    { type: 'input', target: 'username', text: 'test', time: 1200 },
    { type: 'swipe', target: 'scrollView', direction: 'up', time: 2500 }
];

5.2 生成测试脚本

// generated-test.ets
describe('Login Flow', () => {
    it('should complete login', async () => {
        await element(by.id('loginBtn')).click();
        await element(by.id('username')).typeText('test');
        await element(by.id('scrollView')).swipe('up');
        
        // 自动生成的断言
        expect(element(by.id('loginStatus')).text).toBe('success');
    });
});

6. 高级录制功能

6.1 参数化测试

// parameterized-recording.ets
class DataDrivenRecorder {
    recordWithDataSet(data: TestData[]) {
        data.forEach(({username, password}) => {
            recorder.startCase(`${username} login`);
            recorder.click('usernameField');
            recorder.typeText(username);
            recorder.click('loginBtn');
            recorder.assertText('welcomeText', `Welcome ${username}`);
        });
    }
}

6.2 跨设备同步录制

// cross-device-recorder.ets
class MultiDeviceRecorder {
    private devices: DeviceRecorder[] = [];
    
    addDevice(device: Device) {
        this.devices.push(new DeviceRecorder(device));
    }
    
    recordAll() {
        this.devices.forEach(dev => dev.startMirroring());
    }
}

7. 测试脚本优化

7.1 操作合并

// action-optimizer.ets
function optimizeSteps(steps: TestStep[]): TestStep[] {
    return steps.filter((step, i) => {
        // 移除重复的点击
        return !(step.type === 'click' && 
                steps[i+1]?.type === 'click' && 
                step.target === steps[i+1].target);
    });
}

7.2 智能等待

// smart-wait.ets
function injectWaits(script: TestScript): TestScript {
    return script.steps.map(step => {
        return {
            ...step,
            preWait: detectRecommendedWait(step),
            postWait: 200 // 基础等待
        };
    });
}

8. 可视化调试工具

8.1 录制回放面板

// replay-panel.ets
class ReplayController {
    private speed: number = 1.0;
    
    play(script: TestScript) {
        script.steps.forEachAsync(async (step, i) => {
            highlightElement(step.target);
            await executeAction(step).withSpeed(this.speed);
            showCheckpoint(i);
        });
    }
}

8.2 差异可视化

// diff-visualizer.ets
function showVisualDiff(diff: DiffResult) {
    Overlay.show({
        baseline: diff.baseline,
        current: diff.current,
        diffMap: diff.diffMap
    });
}

9. 企业级扩展

9.1 测试脚本版本控制

// version-control.ets
class TestScriptVCS {
    private repo: VersionedScriptRepository;
    
    commit(script: TestScript) {
        this.repo.save({
            id: generateScriptId(script),
            timestamp: Date.now(),
            appVersion: getAppVersion(),
            script
        });
    }
}

9.2 CI/CD集成

// ci-integration.ets
class CITestRunner {
    async runInPipeline(script: TestScript) {
        const result = await TestPlayer.run(script);
        if (result.passed < result.steps) {
            CI.fail(`测试未通过: ${result.passed}/${result.steps}`);
        }
    }
}

10. 完整录制示例

10.1 录制配置

// recorder-config.ets
const recorder = new TestRecorder({
    capture: ['click', 'input', 'swipe'],
    ignore: ['systemToast'],
    assertionLevel: 'high'
});

recorder.start();

// 用户操作过程...
// 点击登录按钮 -> 输入用户名 -> 滑动页面

recorder.stop();

10.2 生成脚本

// output-test.ets
describe('Recorded Test', () => {
    beforeAll(async () => {
        await device.launchApp();
    });

    it('should replay recorded steps', async () => {
        await element(by.id('loginBtn')).tap();
        await element(by.id('username')).typeText('test');
        await element(by.id('scrollView')).swipe('up');
        
        // 自动生成的视觉断言
        await expectScreen('home_screen').toMatchBaseline();
    });
});

11. 关键性能指标

能力指标技术保障
操作录制精度±5ms事件时间戳高精度事件总线
脚本生成速度1000ops/秒增量代码生成
回放准确率98%+动作还原元素指纹定位
跨设备兼容性支持20+设备类型统一操作抽象层

12. 扩展开发接口

12.1 自定义操作插件

// custom-action.ets
interface CustomAction {
    name: string;
    record: (event: RawEvent) => TestAction;
    replay: (action: TestAction) => Promise<void>;
}

function registerAction(action: CustomAction) {
    RecorderEngine.actionRegistry.set(action.name, action);
}

12.2 断言扩展点

// assert-extension.ets
function registerAssertion(
    type: string, 
    generator: (event: TestEvent) => Assertion
) {
    AssertionGenerator.register(type, generator);
}

通过测试录制功能可实现：

  1. ​​80%+​​ 测试代码自动生成
  2. ​​像素级​​ 操作回放精度
  3. ​​零编码​​ 测试用例创建
  4. ​​无缝​​ 持续集成对接
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