使用Kubernetes建设容器化数据中心操作命令-6.使用Ceph实现分布式存储

棒棒堂智能运维
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使用Ceph实现分布式存储

使用SSH远程管理终端软件，分别连接主机10.10.2.156（K8s-Ceph-1）、10.10.2.157（K8s-Ceph-2）、10.10.2.158（K8s-Ceph-3）。

6.1 服务器Labs-K8s-Ceph-1：Ceph存储集群准备

#关闭防火墙和SELINUX
systemctl disable firewalld --now
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

#设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname Labs-K8s-Ceph-1
reboot

#配置本地hosts文件
cat << EOF >> /etc/hosts
10.10.2.157 Labs-K8s-Ceph-1
10.10.2.158 Labs-K8s-Ceph-2
10.10.2.159 Labs-K8s-Ceph-3
EOF

#配置时间同步
echo 'pool tiger.sina.com.cn iburst' >> /etc/chrony.conf
echo 'pool ntp1.aliyun.com iburst' >> /etc/chrony.conf
systemctl enable chronyd
systemctl restart chronyd

#安装podman、cephadm
yum install -y podman cephadm

# 添加Ceph源
cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/ceph.repo <<EOF
[ceph]
name=ceph x86_64
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ceph/rpm-pacific/el8/x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[ceph-noarch]
name=ceph noarch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ceph/rpm-pacific/el8/noarch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[ceph-source]
name=ceph SRPMS
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ceph/rpm-pacific/el8/SRPMS
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF

6.2 服务器Labs-K8s-Ceph-2：Ceph存储集群准备

#关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld --now
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

#设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname Labs-K8s-Ceph-2
reboot

#配置本地hosts文件
cat << EOF >> /etc/hosts
10.10.2.157 Labs-K8s-Ceph-1
10.10.2.158 Labs-K8s-Ceph-2
10.10.2.159 Labs-K8s-Ceph-3
EOF

#配置时间同步
echo 'pool tiger.sina.com.cn iburst' >> /etc/chrony.conf
echo 'pool ntp1.aliyun.com iburst' >> /etc/chrony.conf
systemctl enable chronyd
systemctl restart chronyd

#安装podman、cephadm
yum install -y podman cephadm

# 添加Ceph源
cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/ceph.repo <<EOF
[ceph]
name=ceph x86_64
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ceph/rpm-pacific/el8/x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[ceph-noarch]
name=ceph noarch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ceph/rpm-pacific/el8/noarch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[ceph-source]
name=ceph SRPMS
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ceph/rpm-pacific/el8/SRPMS
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF

6.3服务器Labs-K8s-Ceph-3：Ceph存储集群准备

#配置防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld --now
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

#设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname Labs-K8s-Ceph-3
reboot

#配置本地hosts文件
cat << EOF >> /etc/hosts
10.10.2.157 Labs-K8s-Ceph-1
10.10.2.158 Labs-K8s-Ceph-2
10.10.2.159 Labs-K8s-Ceph-3
EOF

#配置时间同步
echo 'pool tiger.sina.com.cn iburst' >> /etc/chrony.conf
echo 'pool ntp1.aliyun.com iburst' >> /etc/chrony.conf
systemctl enable chronyd
systemctl restart chronyd

#安装podman、cephadm
yum install -y podman cephadm

# 添加Ceph源
cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/ceph.repo <<EOF
[ceph]
name=ceph x86_64
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ceph/rpm-pacific/el8/x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[ceph-noarch]
name=ceph noarch
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ceph/rpm-pacific/el8/noarch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[ceph-source]
name=ceph SRPMS
baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ceph/rpm-pacific/el8/SRPMS
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF

6.4 服务器Labs-K8s-Ceph-1：初始化Ceph集群

cephadm bootstrap --mon-ip 10.10.2.157 --allow-fqdn-hostname --initial-dashboard-user admin --initial-dashboard-password ceph@2025 --dashboard-password-noupdate

初始化完成提示“Bootstrap complete.”证明Ceph集群初始化完成，如图3所示。

使用浏览器访问https://10.10.2.157:8443进入Ceph dashboard登录界面。

账号：admin
密码：ceph@2025

6.5 服务器Labs-K8s-Ceph-1：为集群添加node和osd

#安装ceph-common
yum install -y ceph-common

#创建Ceph公钥并分发
ceph cephadm get-pub-key > ~/ceph.pub
ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/ceph.pub root@Labs-K8s-Ceph-2
ssh-copy-id -f -i ~/ceph.pub root@Labs-K8s-Ceph-3

#添加节点进入Ceph集群
ceph orch host add Labs-K8s-Ceph-2
ceph orch host add Labs-K8s-Ceph-3
ceph orch host ls

#为Ceph集群节点添加标签
ceph orch host label add Labs-K8s-Ceph-2 _admin
ceph orch host label add Labs-K8s-Ceph-3 _admin
ceph orch host ls

#手动为某一块硬盘添加OSD
ceph orch daemon add osd Labs-K8s-Ceph-1:/dev/sdb
# 为Ceph集群节点所有空闲硬盘添加OSD
ceph orch apply osd --all-available-devices
#查看OSD
ceph osd ls

登录Ceph dashboard控制台界面，可查看到集群状态为“HEALTH_OK”，主机数量为3，OSD数量为3且均为up状态。

7.部署Kubernetes管理平台

7.1 Labs-K8s-Master-1：部署Dashboard

创建并编辑/var/kubernetes/dashboard.yaml文件，内容如下。

tee /var/kubernetes/dashboard.yaml << EOF
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30084

  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
EOF

#部署dashboard
kubectl apply -f /var/kubernetes/dashboard.yaml
kubectl get pod -n kubernetes-dashboard

创建账户文件/var/kubernetes/dashboard-rbac.yaml，内容如下。

tee /var/kubernetes/dashboard-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1      
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: dashboard-admin
    namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
EOF

#部署账户文件
kubectl apply -f /var/kubernetes/dashboard-rbac.yaml

获取Token令牌
kubectl create token dashboard-admin --duration=720h  --namespace kube-system

使用浏览器访问https://10.10.2.151:30084，将输出的Token填入浏览器中登录Dashboard。

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