用vscode在windows上用msvc开发C++

在Windows上用vscode开发C++比较难搞，是因为它的编译器用的是vc的工具包里的，比较麻烦。 但是也有办法。我参考了vscode官网,这里有个很难受的点：

If the Developer Command Prompt is using the BuildTools location as the starting directory (you wouldn't want to put projects there), navigate to your user folder (C:\users{your username}) before you start creating new projects.

太不优雅了，居然要我每次运行vscode前先打开终端，并且先运行一个命令，太蠢了！ 于是我又参考另一个部分 形成了自己的一个实践。

1. 配置task 注意：type是shell，command是cl.exe；因为要在windows shell里运行ms开发者环境，所以shell的配置相当重要，所以要先运行.bat批处理命令。

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "windows": {
        "options": {
            "shell": {
                "executable": "cmd.exe",
                "args": [
                    "/C",
                    "\"C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/BuildTools/Common7/Tools/VsDevCmd.bat\"",
                    "&&"
                ]
            }
        }
    },
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "cl build",
            "command": "cl.exe",
            "args": [
                "/EHsc",
                "/std:c++17",
                "/Fe:",
                "${fileDirname}\\out\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                "/Fo:",
                "${fileDirname}\\out\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.obj",
                "/Fd:",
                "${fileDirname}\\out\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.pdb",
                "${file}"
            ],
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$msCompile"
            ],
            "group": "build"
        }
    ]
}

2. 配置launch.json

没啥说的，preLaunchTask选上面配置的任务名cl build就行。

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "cl build",
            "type": "cppvsdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}\\out\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "console": "integratedTerminal",
            "preLaunchTask": "cl build"
          }

    ]
}

3. 可以在运行panel，找到配置的任务，运行就行