英语语法

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词性合集

英语词类,也称为词性,是根据词的意义、语法功能以及在句子中的位置对词进行的分类。掌握英语词类对于理解句子结构、正确运用词汇至关重要。英语中通常分为十大词类,下面我将详细介绍:

名词 (Noun)

/naʊn/ /naʊn/

:::tips

  • 定义: 表示人、物、地点、事件或抽象概念的词。
  • 例子: book (书), dog (狗), house (房子), London (伦敦), happiness (幸福), idea (想法)

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** 代词类型 **描述
专有名词
(Proper Nouns)
特指的人、地方或事物,首字母大写。
例如:John (约翰), China (中国), Christmas (圣诞节)
普通名词
(Common Nouns)

指一类人、地方或事物。例如:
cat (猫), city (城市), day (日子)
可数名词
** (Countable Nouns)**
可以计数的名词,有单复数形式。例如:apple (苹果), apples (苹果们)
不可数名词
(Uncountable Nouns)
可计数的名词,没有复数形式。例如:water (水), advice (建议), information (信息)
集体名词
(Collective Nouns)
指一群人或物,通常作单数使用,但有时也可作复数。例如:family (家庭), team (团队), committee (委员会)
抽象名词 (Abstract Nouns)表示抽象概念的名词。例如:love (爱), freedom (自由), education (教育)

代词 (Pronoun)

/ˈprəʊnaʊn/ /ˈproʊnaʊn/

:::tips

  • 定义: 代替名词或名词短语,避免重复。
  • 例子: I (我), you (你/你们), he (他), she (她), it (它), we (我们), they (他们), me (我), him (他), her (她), us (我们), them (他们), mine (我的), yours (你的/你们的), his (他的), hers (她的), ours (我们的), theirs (他们的), this (这个), that (那个), these (这些), those (那些), who (谁), whom (谁), whose (谁的), which (哪个), what (什么), myself (我自己), yourself (你自己/你们自己), himself (他自己), herself (她自己), itself (它自己), ourselves (我们自己), themselves (他们自己)
  • 分类: 人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、反身代词等。

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** 代词类型 ****词汇 **
人称代词 (Personal Pronouns)主格 (Subjective Case): 在句子中作主语。
markdown I (我):I am a student. (我是一名学生。) you (你/你们):You are kind. (你/你们很友善。) he (他):He is tall. (他很高。) she (她):She is beautiful. (她很漂亮。) it (它):It is raining. (正在下雨。) we (我们):We are friends. (我们是朋友。) they (他们/她们/它们):They are playing football. (他们/她们/它们在踢足球。)
人称代词根据人称(第一、第二、第三人称)、数(单数、复数)和格(主格、宾格)的不同而变化。
宾格 (Objective Case): 在句子中作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)。
markdown me (我):例:He helped me. (他帮助了我。) you (你/你们):例:I saw you. (我看见了你/你们。) him (他):例:I gave him a book. (我给了他一本书。) her (她):例:I called her. (我给她打了电话。) it (它):例:I like it. (我喜欢它。) us (我们):例:They invited us. (他们邀请了我们。) them (他们/她们/它们):例:I saw them at the park. (我在公园里看到了他们/她们/它们。)
物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns)形容词性物主代词 (Possessive Adjectives): 放在名词前作定语,修饰名词。
markdown my (我的):例:This is my book. (这是我的书。) your (你的/你们的):例:Is this your car? (这是你的/你们的车吗?) his (他的):例:That is his house. (那是他的房子。) her (她的):例:This is her bag. (这是她的包。) its (它的):例:The dog wagged its tail. (狗摇了摇它的尾巴。) our (我们的):例:This is our school. (这是我们的学校。) their (他们的/她们的/它们的):例:That is their garden. (那是他们的/她们的/它们的花园。)
物主代词表示所有关系
名词性物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns): 独立使用,代替名词,避免重复
markdown mine (我的):例:This book is mine. (这本书是我的。) yours (你的/你们的):例:Is this car yours? (这辆车是你的/你们的吗?) his (他的):例:That house is his. (那栋房子是他的。) hers (她的):例:This bag is hers. (这个包是她的。) ours (我们的):例:This school is ours. (这所学校是我们的。) theirs (他们的/她们的/它们的):例:That garden is theirs. (那个花园是他们的/她们的/它们的。)
指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns)markdown this (这个):指较近的单数人或物。例:This is my pen. (这是我的笔。) that (那个):指较远的单数人或物。例:That is her car. (那是她的车。) these (这些):指较近的复数人或物。例:These are my books. (这些是我的书。) those (那些):指较远的复数人或物。例:Those are her shoes. (那些是她的鞋子。) 指示代词用来指代或区分人或物,根据距离的远近和单复数进行区分。
** 疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronouns)**markdown who (谁):指人(主格)。例:Who is that? (那是谁?) whom (谁):指人(宾格)。例:Whom did you see? (你看见了谁?) (在现代英语中,通常用 who 代替,即 Who did you see?) whose (谁的):表示所有。例:Whose book is this? (这是谁的书?) which (哪个):指在几个选项中选择。例:Which one do you want? (你想要哪个?) what (什么):指事物。例:What is this? (这是什么?) 疑问代词用来提出问题,询问关于人或事物的信息
关系代词 (Relative Pronouns)markdown who (谁):指人(主格)。例:The man who is wearing a red shirt is my father. (那个穿着红色衬衫的男人是我爸爸。) whom (谁):指人(宾格)。例:The woman whom I met yesterday is a teacher. (我昨天遇到的那个女人是一名老师。)(在现代英语中,通常用 who 代替,即 The woman who I met yesterday is a teacher.) whose (谁的):表示所有。例:The car whose tires are flat is mine. (轮胎瘪了的那辆车是我的。) which (哪个):指事物。例:The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。) that (那个):可指人或物。例:The book that I read last night was great. (我昨晚读的那本书很棒。) / The man that I saw yesterday was my uncle. (我昨天见到的那个人是我的叔叔。) 关系代词用来引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,并代替从句中被修饰的先行词。
并在从句中充当一个成分,同时指代先行词(被修饰的名词)。
反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns)markdown myself (我自己):例:I hurt myself. (我弄伤了自己。) / I did it myself. (我自己做的这件事。) yourself (你自己/你们自己):例:You should take care of yourself. (你/你们应该照顾好自己。) / Did you do it yourself? (这是你/你们自己做的吗?) himself (他自己):例:He cut himself while cooking. (他做饭的时候割伤了自己。) / He built the house himself. (他自己建造了这栋房子。) herself (她自己):例:She looked at herself in the mirror. (她在镜子里看着自己。) / She painted the picture herself. (她自己画了这幅画。) itself (它自己):例:The cat cleaned itself. (猫自己清理了身体。) / The door closed itself. (门自己关上了。) ourselves (我们自己):例:We enjoyed ourselves at the party. (我们在聚会上玩得很开心。) / We built the house ourselves. (我们自己建造了这栋房子。) themselves (他们/她们/它们自己):例:They blamed themselves for the mistake. (他们/她们/它们为这个错误责备自己。) / They organized the event themselves. (他们/她们/它们自己组织了这次活动。) 反身代词表示动作的执行者和承受者是同一个人或物,或者强调某人亲自做某事。

:::warning

  • 关于 you:既可以指单数“你”,也可以指复数“你们”,具体含义需要根据语境判断。
  • 关于 it:通常指代无生命的物体、动物或抽象事物,有时也用来指代性别不明的人或情况。
  • 关于关系代词 that:在很多情况下可以代替 who 或 which,但在一些特定的语法结构中,只能使用 who 或 which。
  • 关于 whom:在现代英语中,whom 的使用频率有所下降,在非正式语境中,通常可以用 who 代替。但在正式写作和语法考试中,仍然需要注意 whom 的用法。

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形容词 (Adjective)

/ˈædʒɪktɪv/ /ˈædʒɪktɪv/ n.形容词 adj.形容词(性)的; 附属的;有关程序的

:::tips 定义: 描述或修饰名词或代词,说明其性质、特征等。

例子: big (大的), small (小的), red (红色的), happy (高兴的), beautiful (美丽的), interesting (有趣的)

位置: 通常放在被修饰的名词前面,也可放在系动词(如be动词)之后。

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英语形容词的主要分类:
  • 描述性形容词(Descriptive Adjectives):
    • 描述名词的品质、特征、状态。
    • 例如:big(大的)、happy(高兴的)、red(红色的)。
  • 数量形容词(Quantitative Adjectives):
    • 表示名词的数量或程度。
    • 例如:many(许多)、few(少数)、some(一些)。
  • 指示形容词(Demonstrative Adjectives):
    • 指示特定的名词。
    • 例如:this(这个)、that(那个)、these(这些)。
  • 所有格形容词(Possessive Adjectives):
    • 表示名词的所有权。
    • 例如:my(我的)、your(你的)、their(他们的)。
  • 疑问形容词(Interrogative Adjectives):
    • 用于提出关于名词的问题。
    • 例如:which(哪个)、what(什么)、whose(谁的)。
  • 专有形容词(Proper Adjectives):
    • 由专有名词演变而来。
    • 例如:Chinese(中国的),American(美国的)
  • 分配形容词(Distributive Adjectives):
    • 用于描述群体中的个体成员。
    • 例如:each(每个),every(每个)。
  • 复合形容词(Compound Adjectives):
    • 由两个或多个单词组成。
    • 例如:well-known(著名的),blue-eyed(蓝眼睛的)。
  • -ed/-ing 形容词:
    • 由动词的过去分词或现在分词构成,表达感受或描述事物。
    • 例如:interested(感兴趣的),interesting(有趣的)。
  • 性质形容词和状态形容词
    • 性质形容词:表示名词的固有性质,例如:good(好的)、bad(坏的)
    • 状态形容词:表示名词的暂时状态,例如:tired(疲惫的)、hungry(饥饿的)
      总结:
  • 形容词的主要作用是修饰名词,为其添加额外的信息。
  • 通过不同的分类,我们可以更准确地理解和使用形容词。

副词 (Adverb)

adverb /ˈædvɜːb/ /ˈædvɜːrb/ **n.副词 **复数: adverbs 派生词: adverbial adj.

:::tips 定义: 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、方式、程度等。

例子: quickly (快速地), slowly (缓慢地), here (这里), there (那里), very (非常), quite (相当), often (经常), always (总是)

分类: 方式副词、地点副词、时间副词、程度副词、频率副词等。

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动词 (Verb)

verb. /vɜːb/. /vɜːrb/ n.动词

:::tips 定义: 表示动作、状态或存在的词。

例子: run (跑), eat (吃), sleep (睡觉), is (是), are (是), was (是), were (是), have (有), think (思考)

分类:

及物动词 (Transitive Verbs): 后面需要接宾语。例如:I eat an apple. (我吃一个苹果。)

不及物动词 (Intransitive Verbs): 后面不需要接宾语。例如:The baby sleeps. (婴儿睡觉。)

系动词 (Linking Verbs): 连接主语和表语,表示主语的状态或特征。例如:He is a teacher. (他是一名老师。)

助动词 (Auxiliary Verbs): 帮助构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等。例如:be, have, do, will, shall, can, may, must。

情态动词 (Modal Verbs): 表示说话者的语气或情态,如可能性、必要性、允许等。例如:can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would。

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及物动词
(Transitive Verbs)
不及物动词
(Intransitive Verbs)
系动词
(Linking Verbs)
1. 什么是系动词?
定义: 系动词是一种特殊的动词,它不表达具体的动作,而是用来连接主语和表语(通常是名词或形容词),以描述主语的状态、特征或身份。
作用: 系动词就像一座桥梁,将主语和表语联系起来,共同构成一个完整的句子。
常见系动词:
+ 最常见的系动词是“be”动词(am, is, are, was, were, been, being)。
- "She is a teacher."(她是一位老师。)——"is"是系动词,连接主语"she"和表语"a teacher"。
- "They were happy."(他们很快乐。)——"were"是系动词,连接主语"they"和表语"happy"。
- "To be or not to be, that is the question."(生存还是毁灭,这是一个问题)——"to be"是不定式做系动词,连接主语"that"和表语"the question"。

其他常见的系动词包括:
+ 感官动词(look, smell, taste, feel, sound)。
- “look”和“smell”后面通常接形容词,而不是副词。这是因为形容词用来描述主语的状态,而副词用来描述动作
java ■ "She looks happy."(她看起来很高兴。) ■ "The sky looks cloudy."(天空看起来多云。) ■ "This food looks delicious."(这个食物看起来很美味。) ■ "The flowers smell sweet."(这些花闻起来很香。) ■ "Something smells burning."(有东西闻起来烧焦了。) ■ "The kitchen smells good."(厨房闻起来很香。) - 实义动词区分: “look”和“smell”也可以作为实义动词使用,表示具体的动作。
* 实义动词“look”:表示“看”的动作,例如:“He looked at the picture.”(他看了那幅画。)
* 实义动词“smell”:表示“闻”的动作,例如:“She smelled the rose.”(她闻了那朵玫瑰。)
- like的用法: 当要表达“看起来/闻起来像……”时,可以使用“look/smell like + 名词”。
java ■ "It looks like rain."(看起来像要下雨。) ■ "It smells like coffee."(闻起来像咖啡。) + 表变化动词(become, get, grow, turn)
+ 保持状态动词(remain, keep, stay)
+ 似乎动词(seem, appear)
助动词
(Auxiliary Verbs)
基本助动词主要有三个:be、do 和 have。它们本身没有实际的词义,而是用来帮助主要动词构成不同的时态、语态、疑问句和否定句。
+ be:用于构成进行时态和被动语态。
- She is reading a book. (进行时态)
- The letter was written by her. (被动语态)
+ do:用于构成一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句和否定句。
- Do you like coffee? (疑问句)
- He doesn't speak French. (否定句)
+ have:用于构成完成时态。
- They have finished their work. (现在完成时)
情态动词
(Modal Verbs)
情态助动词用来表示说话人的语气、态度或情态,如可能性、必要性、允许、请求、建议等。常见的情态助动词有:
+ can/could: (能,会) 表示能力、可能性、允许等。
+ may/might:(可能,可以) 表示可能性、允许、请求等。
+ will/would:(将要) 表示将来、意愿、请求等。
+ shall/should:(将要,应该) 表示将来、义务、建议等。
+ must:(必须) 表示必要性、义务、推测等。
+ ought to:表示义务、建议等。
+ dare:表示胆量、敢于。
+ need:表示需要。
+ used to:表示过去习惯性的动作或状态。
java I can speak English. (我能说英语。) You should study hard. (你应该努力学习。) They must finish the work. (他们必须完成这项工作。) 需要注意以下几点:
+ 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,也就是说,无论主语是什么,情态动词的形式都不会改变。
+ 情态动词不能单独使用,必须和动词原形一起使用
+ 情态动词后面不能接带 to 的不定式。

数词 (Numeral)

numeral /ˈnjuːmərəl/ /ˈnuːmərəl/ n.数字;数码 adj.数的;表示数的

:::tips 定义: 表示数量或顺序的词。

例子: one (一), two (二), three (三), first (第一), second (第二), third (第三), ten (十), hundred (百)

分类: 基数词 (表示数量) 和序数词 (表示顺序)。

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冠词 (Article)

article /ˈɑːtɪkl/ /ˈɑːrtɪkl/

:::tips 定义: 用在名词前,限定名词的意义。

种类:

不定冠词 (Indefinite Articles): a 和 an,表示泛指。a 用在辅音音素开头的词前,an 用在元音音素开头的词前。例如:a book, an apple。

定冠词 (Definite Article): the,表示特指。例如:the book。

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介词 (Preposition)

preposition

/ˌprepəˈzɪʃn/

/ˌprepəˈzɪʃn/

n.介词

复数: prepositions

派生词: prepositional adj.

:::tips 定义: 用在名词或代词前,表示与其他词的关系,如时间、地点、方向、方式等。

例子: in (在...里面), on (在...上面), at (在...), to (到), from (从), with (和), by (通过), for (为了), of (的), under (在...下面), between (在...之间)

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:::tips 表示地点的介词:at, on, in, by, near, beside, between, among, above, below, under, over, behind, in front of, inside, outside, across, through, along, around, opposite, against。

表示时间的介词:at, on, in, before, after, during, for, since, until, till, by, within, throughout。

表示方向的介词:to, towards, from, into, out of, up, down, across, along, through, over, under, around。

表示方式的介词:by, with, without, in, on, through。

表示原因的介词:because of, due to, owing to, on account of, for。

其他介词:of, for, with, about, like, as, than, despite, except, concerning, regarding, according to。

复合介词

短语介词:in front of, in spite of, on account of, by means of, according to, due to, owing to, with regard to, in addition to, instead of, on behalf of, in relation to, in comparison with, in accordance with。

分词介词:considering, including, excluding, regarding, concerning, pending, during, following。

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英语介词的主要分类:
  • 表示地点的介词:
    • at:at the park(在公园),I met him at the park.
    • on:on the wall(在墙上),The picture hangs on the wall.
    • in:in the room(在房间里),She is reading in the room.
    • by:by the sea(在海边),We walked by the sea.
    • near:near the school(在学校附近),The store is near the school.
    • beside:beside the chair(在椅子旁边),He sat beside the chair.
    • between:between the trees(在树之间),The house is between the trees.
    • among:among the crowd(在人群中),She stood among the crowd.
    • above:above the clouds(在云层之上),The plane flew above the clouds.
    • below:below the surface(在表面之下),The fish swam below the surface.
    • under:under the table(在桌子下面),The cat is hiding under the table.
    • over:over the bridge(在桥上),We drove over the bridge.
    • behind:behind the building(在建筑物后面),The car is parked behind the building.
    • in front of:in front of the store(在商店前面),They waited in front of the store.
    • inside:inside the box(在盒子里面),The gift is inside the box.
    • outside:outside the garden(在花园外面),The children are playing outside the garden.
    • across:across the street(穿过街道),We walked across the street.
    • through:through the tunnel(穿过隧道),The train went through the tunnel.
    • along:along the river(沿着河边),We walked along the river.
    • around:around the city(在城市周围),We drove around the city.
    • opposite:opposite the bank(在银行对面),The post office is opposite the bank.
    • against:against the wall(靠着墙),He leaned against the wall.
  • 表示时间的介词:
    • at:at 7 o'clock(在七点),The meeting starts at 7 o'clock.
    • on:on Monday(在星期一),I have a meeting on Monday.
    • in:in 2023(在2023年),He was born in 2023.
    • before:before dinner(在晚餐前),Wash your hands before dinner.
    • after:after the rain(在雨后),We went for a walk after the rain.
    • during:during the meeting(在会议期间),Please be quiet during the meeting.
    • for:for five years(五年),She has lived here for five years.
    • since:since last year(自去年以来),He has been working here since last year.
    • until/till:until tomorrow(直到明天),I will wait until tomorrow.
    • by:by midnight(在午夜之前),The report must be finished by midnight.
    • within:within an hour(在一小时内),We will arrive within an hour.
    • throughout:throughout the day(整天),It rained throughout the day.
  • 表示方向的介词:
    • to:to the store(到商店),I am going to the store.
    • towards:towards the east(向东),They walked towards the east.
    • from:from China(来自中国),He is from China.
    • into:into the water(进入水中),The dog jumped into the water.
    • out of:out of the house(走出房子),She walked out of the house.
    • up:up the hill(上山),We climbed up the hill.
    • down:down the stairs(下楼),He ran down the stairs.
    • across:across the river(穿过河流),They swam across the river.
    • along:along the path(沿着小路),We walked along the path.
    • through:through the woods(穿过树林),They walked through the woods.
    • over:over the fence(翻过栅栏),The cat jumped over the fence.
    • under:under the bridge(在桥下),They sheltered under the bridge.
    • around:around the corner(绕过拐角),She turned around the corner.
  • 表示方式的介词:
    • by:by bus(乘公共汽车),I go to work by bus.
    • with:with a knife(用刀),Cut the bread with a knife.
    • without:without help(没有帮助),He finished the task without help.
    • in:in English(用英语),She spoke in English.
    • on:on foot(步行),We went there on foot.
    • through:through hard work(通过努力工作),He succeeded through hard work.
  • 表示原因的介词:
    • because of:because of the rain(因为下雨),The game was cancelled because of the rain.
    • due to:due to the traffic(由于交通),We were late due to the traffic.
    • owing to:owing to the storm(由于暴风雨),The flight was delayed owing to the storm.
    • on account of:on account of his illness(由于他的疾病),He was absent on account of his illness.
    • for:for this reason(因为这个原因),We stayed home for this reason.
  • 其他介词:
    • of:a cup of tea(一杯茶),I would like a cup of tea.
    • for:for you(给你),This gift is for you.
    • with:with me(和我一起),Come with me.
    • about:about the movie(关于这部电影),We talked about the movie.
    • like:like a bird(像鸟一样),She sings like a bird.
    • as:as a teacher(作为一名老师),He works as a teacher.
    • than:better than(比……更好),This is better than that.
    • despite:despite the rain(尽管下雨),We went out despite the rain.
    • except:except for me(除了我),Everyone came except for me.
    • concerning:concerning the issue(关于这个问题),We discussed concerning the issue.
    • regarding:regarding your question(关于你的问题),I am writing regarding your question.
    • according to:according to the report(根据报告),According to the report, the economy is improving.
      复合介词
  • 短语介词:
    • in front of:in front of the building(在建筑物前面),The bus stopped in front of the building.
    • in spite of:in spite of the difficulties(尽管有困难),They succeeded in spite of the difficulties.
    • on account of:on account of the weather(由于天气),The event was postponed on account of the weather.
    • by means of:by means of technology(通过技术手段),We communicated by means of technology.
    • according to:according to the rules(根据规则),We acted according to the rules.
    • due to:due to the accident(由于事故),The road was closed due to the accident.
    • owing to:owing to the shortage(由于短缺),The factory stopped production owing to the shortage.
    • with regard to:with regard to your request(关于你的请求),We are writing with regard to your request.
    • in addition to:in addition to English(除了英语),She speaks French in addition to English.
    • instead of:instead of coffee(代替咖啡),I drank tea instead of coffee.
    • on behalf of:on behalf of the team(代表团队),He spoke on behalf of the team.
    • in relation to:in relation to the economy(关于经济),We discussed the problems in relation to the economy.
    • in comparison with:in

连词 (Conjunction)

conjunction

/kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn/

/kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn/

n.连词 (如and、but、or);(引起某种结果的事物等的)结合;(恒星、行星等的)合;同时发生

:::tips 定义: 连接词、短语、从句或句子的词。

例子: and (和), but (但是), or (或者), so (所以), because (因为), if (如果), when (当), while (当...时)

分类: 并列连词 (连接并列的成分) 和从属连词 (连接主句和从句)。

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感叹词 (Interjection)

:::tips 定义: 表示说话时情感的词。

例子: Oh! (哦!), Wow! (哇!), Oops! (哎哟!), Ah! (啊!)

重要提示:

一个单词可能属于多个词类,具体取决于其在句子中的用法。例如,run 既可以是动词 (I run every day),也可以是名词 (He went for a run)。

理解词类有助于分析句子结构,提高英语阅读、写作和口语能力。

希望以上信息能够帮助你更好地理解英语词类。如有其他问题,欢迎继续提问。

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:::info part of speech

/ˌpɑːt əv ˈspiːtʃ/

/ˌpɑːrt əv ˈspiːtʃ/

n.词性;词类

:::

:::info quantifier

/ˈkwɒntɪfaɪə(r)/

/ˈkwɑːntɪfaɪər/

n.量词;数量词;数量修饰语

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不规则复数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词

:([a-zA-Z\s]+)
[\u4e00-\u9fa5]?第三人[\S]+s
\s+(?=(?:现在分词:|过去式:|复数:|过去分词:|$))
bear     第三人称单数:bears  复数:bears  现在分词:bearing  过去式:bore  过去分词:borne born  
buy      第三人称单数:buys  现在分词:buying  过去式:bought  过去分词:bought  
bind     第三人称单数:binds  现在分词:binding  过去式:bound  过去分词:bound  
be       第三人称单数:is  现在分词:being  过去式:was were  过去分词:been  
catch    第三人称单数:catches  现在分词:catching  过去式:caught  过去分词:caught  
choose   第三人称单数:chooses  现在分词:choosing  过去式:chose  过去分词:chosen  
choose   第三人称单数:chooses  现在分词:choosing  过去式:chose  过去分词:chosen  
do       第三人称单数:does  现在分词:doing  过去式:did  过去分词:done  
drink    第三人称单数:drinks  复数:drinks  现在分词:drinking  过去式:drank  过去分词:drunk  
eat      第三人称单数:eats  现在分词:eating  过去式:ate  过去分词:eaten  
feed     第三人称单数:feeds  现在分词:feeding  过去式:fed  过去分词:fed  
foot     第三人称单数:foots  复数:feet  现在分词:footing  过去式:footed  过去分词:footed  
feel     第三人称单数:feels  现在分词:feeling  过去式:felt  过去分词:felt  
find     第三人称单数:finds  现在分词:finding  过去式:found  过去分词:found  
go       第三人称单数:goes  复数:goes  现在分词:going  过去式:went  过去分词:gone  
grind    第三人称单数:grinds  复数:grinds  现在分词:grinding  过去式:ground  过去分词:ground  
hear     第三人称单数:hears  现在分词:hearing  过去式:heard  过去分词:heard  
hide     第三人称单数:hides  复数:hides  现在分词:hiding  过去式:hid  过去分词:hidden  
leave    第三人称单数:leaves  现在分词:leaving  过去式:left  过去分词:left  
pay      第三人称单数:pays  现在分词:paying  过去式:paid  过去分词:paid  
run      第三人称单数:runs  现在分词:running  过去式:ran  过去分词:run  
ride     第三人称单数:rides  现在分词:riding  过去式:rode  过去分词:ridden  
sell     第三人称单数:sells  现在分词:selling  过去式:sold  过去分词:soldsolid    ,
speak    第三人称单数:speaks  现在分词:speaking  过去式:spoke  过去分词:spoken  
send     第三人称单数:sends  现在分词:sending  过去式:sent  过去分词:sent  
smell    第三人称单数:smells  复数:smells  现在分词:smelling  过去式:smelt smelled  过去分词:smelt  
swim     第三人称单数:swims  现在分词:swimming  过去式:swam  过去分词:swum  
see      第三人称单数:sees  现在分词:seeing  过去式:saw  过去分词:seen  
sit      第三人称单数:sits  现在分词:sitting  过去式:sat  过去分词:sat  
tell     第三人称单数:tells  复数:tells  现在分词:telling  过去式:told  过去分词:told  
tear     第三人称单数:tears  复数:tears  现在分词:tearing  过去式:tore  过去分词:torn  
win      第三人称单数:wins  现在分词:winning  过去式:won  过去分词:won  
write    第三人称单数:writes  现在分词:writing  过去式:wrote  过去分词:written  

:::tips

  • do 一般/原型
  • does 单三
  • doing 现在分词/进行/动名词
  • did 过去式
  • done 过去分词
  • to do 不定式

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语法结构

英语语法结构

![](https://cdn.nlark.com/yuque/0/2025/webp/604921/1739696423363-c57a6860-a802-49de-82b6-7efcd7e2ebc4.webp)

英语十六时态


**Simple **
一般
**Perfect **
完成
Continuous
进行
**Perfect Continuous **
完成进行
Present
现在
****** Present Simple
现在时 **
**Present Perfect **
**现在完成时 **
** Present Continuous **
现在进行时
**Present Perfect Continuous **
**现在完成进行时 **
base form(原型、基础形式 do does)习惯性动作,客观事实,永恒真理 。只有**一般现在时的第三人称单数(he, she, it)形式需要加词尾变化(通常是“-s”或“-es”)。 **
I work as a teacher. (我是一名老师) (I work, he works)
He works. She goes.
have/has + past participle(过去分词) 发生在过去,对现在仍有影响的动作
I have lived in this city for 10 years. (我已经在这个城市住了10年了。)
He has worked. She has gone.
am/is/are + Present participle(现在分词)正在进行的动作,临时性状态
She is reading a book now. (她现在正在看书。)
He is working. She is going.
have/has been + Present participle(现在分词)持续进行的动作,强调持续时间
I have been studying English since 2020. (我从2020年就开始学习英语了。)
He has been working. She has been going.
Past
过去
******Past Simple **
**过去时 **
** Past Perfect
过去完成时 **
** Past Continuous
过去进行时 **
**Past Perfect Continuous **
**过去完成进行时 **
past form (过去式 did) 发生在过去的动作或状态 。动词的过去式主要用于一般过去时 Past Simple
I went to the movies yesterday. (我昨天去看电影了)
He worked. She went.
had + past participle(过去分词)发生在过去的过去的动作
I had finished my homework before he arrived. (在他到达之前,我已经完成了作业。)
He had worked. She had gone.
was/were + Present participle(现在分词)过去某个时间正在进行的动作
She was sleeping when the phone rang. (电话响的时候,她正在睡觉。)
He was working. She was going.
had been + Present participle(现在分词)过去某个时间之前一直持续的动作
She had been working for hours before she took a break. (她在休息之前已经工作了几个小时。)
He had been working. She had been going.
Future
将来
****Future Simple
**将来时 **
**Future Perfect **
**将来完成时 **
Future Continuous
将来进行时
**Future Perfect Continuous **
**将来完成进行时 **
will + base form(原型、基础形式) 将来发生的动作
I will visit my parents next week. (我下周将去看望父母。)
He will work. She will go.
****will have + past participle(过去分词) 将来某个时间之前完成的动作
I will have finished my book by next month. (到下个月我将完成我的书。)
He will have worked. She will have gone.
****will be + Present participle(现在分词)将来某个时间正在进行的动作
She will be working on her project tomorrow. (她明天将正在做她的项目。)
He will be working. She will be going.
****will have been + Present participle(现在分词)将来某个时间之前一直持续的动作
She will have been living here for 5 years by next year. (到明年她将在这里住了5年了。)
She will have been studying English for 5 years by next year.
He will have been working. She will have been going.
**Past Future **
过去将来
****Past Future
**过去将来时 **
**Past Future Perfect **
**过去将来完成时 **
**Past Future Continuous **
过去将来进行时
**Past Future Perfect Continuous **
**过去将来完成进行时 **
would + base form(原型、基础形式) 过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作
She said she would come to the party. (她说她会来参加聚会。)
He would work. She would go.
****would have + past participle(过去分词) 过去某个时间看来将要完成的动作
I thought I would have finished by now. (我以为我现在已经完成了。)
He would have worked. She would have gone.
****would be + Present participle(现在分词)过去某个时间看来将要进行的动作
He thought she would be studying at that time. (他认为她那时会正在学习。)
He would be working. She would be going.
****would have been + Present participle(现在分词)过去某个时间看来将要一直持续的动作
She thought she would have been working for years by then. (她认为她那时已经工作了很多年了。)
He would have been working. She would have been going.
:::tips 每个时态的详细解释:
+ 一般时态 表示动作或状态的发生。
+ 完成时态 表示动作已经完成,并且对现在或过去有影响。
+ 进行时态 表示动作正在进行。
+ 完成进行时态 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在或过去某个时刻。


何时使用哪个时态?时态的选择取决于你要表达的动作发生的时间和持续情况。
+ 一般现在时: 用于表达经常发生的动作、习惯、事实或永恒真理。
+ 现在进行时: 用于表达正在发生的动作或短期安排。
+ 现在完成时: 用于表达发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作。
+ 现在完成进行时:用于表达从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作,强调动作的持续性。
+ 一般过去时: 用于表达发生在过去的动作。
+ 过去进行时: 用于表达过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
+ 过去完成时: 用于表达发生在过去的过去的动作。
+ 过去完成进行时:用于表达过去某个时间之前一直持续的动作。
+ 一般将来时: 用于表达将来会发生的动作。
+ 将来进行时: 用于表达将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
+ 将来完成时: 用于表达将来某个时间之前完成的动作。
+ 将来完成进行时:用于表达将来某个时间之前一直持续的动作。
+ 过去将来时: 用于表达从过去的角度看将要发生的动作。
+ 过去将来进行时:用于表达从过去的角度看将要进行的动作。
+ 过去将来完成时:用于表达从过去的角度看将要完成的动作。
+ 过去将来完成进行时:用于表达从过去的角度看将要一直持续的动作。
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