GaussDB-XML类型函数
以下所有XML类型函数中，当GUC参数xmloption为content时，XML声明中encoding值可以取为ZHS16GBK；当GUC参数xmloption为document时，XML声明中encoding值不可以取为ZHS16GBK，若设置encoding = ZHS16GBK，则会发生报错。
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xmlparse ( { DOCUMENT | CONTENT } value [wellformed])
描述：使用函数xmlparse，从字符数据产生XML类型的值。
参数：数据类型为text。
返回值类型：XML
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT XMLPARSE (DOCUMENT 'Manual...'); xmlparse ---------------------------------------------------------- Manual... (1 row) gaussdb=# SELECT XMLPARSE (CONTENT 'abcbarfoo'); xmlparse --------------------------------- abcbarfoo (1 row) gaussdb=# SELECT XMLPARSE (CONTENT 'abcbar</foo' wellformed); xmlparse ------------------ abcbar</foo (1 row)
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xmlserialize( { DOCUMENT | CONTENT } value AS type )
描述：使用函数xmlserialize，从XML产生一个字符串。
参数：数据类型可以为character、character varying或text（或其中某个的变种）。
返回值类型：XML
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT xmlserialize(CONTENT 'good' AS CHAR(10)); xmlserialize -------------- good (1 row) gaussdb=# SELECT xmlserialize(DOCUMENT 'bad' as text); xmlserialize ------------------ bad (1 row)
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  当一个字符串值在没有通过xmlparse或xmlserialize的情况下，与XML类型进行转换时，具体选择DOCUMENT或CONTENT由“XML OPTION”会话配置参数决定，这个配置参数可以由标准命令来设置： | ``` SET XML OPTION { DOCUMENT | CONTENT }; ``` | | ----------------------------------------------- | 或使用类似的语法来设置： | ``` SET xmloption TO { DOCUMENT | CONTENT }; ``` | | ------------------------------------------------- | -
xmlcomment(text)
描述：创建一个XML值，并且它包含一个用指定文本作为内容的XML注释。该文本不包含“--”字符且结尾不存在“-”字符，符合XML注释的格式要求。当参数为空时，结果也为空。
参数：数据类型为text。
返回值类型：XML
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT xmlcomment('hello'); xmlcomment --------------
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -
xmlconcat(xml[, ...])
描述：将由单个XML值组成的列表串接成一个单独的值，该值包含一个XML的内容片段。其中空值会被忽略，并且只有当所有参数都为空时结果才为空。在兼容ORA数据库模式下，设置a_format_version值为10c和a_format_dev_version值为s2，增加了校验输入片段是否为非良构XML文本。
参数：数据类型为XML。
返回值类型：XML
示例1：
gaussdb=# SET xmloption=content; SET gaussdb=# SELECT XMLCONCAT(('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312" standalone="no"?><bar>foo</bar>'),('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312" standalone="no" ?><bar>foo</bar>')) ; xmlconcat ------------------------------------------------------------------- <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?><bar>foo</bar><bar>foo</bar> (1 row) gaussdb=# SELECT XMLCONCAT('abc>'); xmlconcat ----------- abc> (1 row)示例2：兼容ORA数据库的语法示例。
gaussdb=# CREATE DATABASE gaussdb_ora DBCOMPATIBILITY='ORA'; CREATE DATABASE gaussdb=# \c gaussdb_ora gaussdb_ora=# SET a_format_version='10c'; SET gaussdb_ora=# SET a_format_dev_version=s2; SET gaussdb_ora=# SET xmloption=content; SET gaussdb_ora=# SELECT XMLCONCAT(('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312" standalone="no"?><bar>foo</bar>'),('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312" standalone="no" ?><bar>foo</bar>')) ; xmlconcat ------------------------------------------------------------------- <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?><bar>foo</bar><bar>foo</bar> (1 row) gaussdb_ora=# SELECT XMLCONCAT('abc>'); ERROR: invalid XML document DETAIL: line 1: Start tag expected, '<' not found abc> ^ CONTEXT: referenced column: xmlconcat gaussdb_ora=# \c postgres gaussdb=# DROP DATABASE gaussdb_ora; DROP DATABASE在兼容ORA数据库模式下，设置a_format_version值为10c和a_format_dev_version值为s2时，若XML声明中encoding属性值为ZHS16GBK，则XMLCONCAT函数将会发生报错。
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xmlagg(xml [order_by_clause])
描述：该函数是一个聚集函数，它将聚集函数调用的输入值串接起来，且支持跨行串接，order_by_clause详见SELECT。在兼容ORA数据库模式下，设置a_format_version值为10c和a_format_dev_version值为s2，数据库xmloption参数默认为content，当xmloption设置为document时，使用换行符串接多行XML。若XML声明中encoding属性值不为默认编码UTF-8时，聚集结果有XML声明。
参数：XML
返回值类型：XML
示例1：
| ``` gaussdb=# CREATE TABLE xmltest ( id int, data xml ); NOTICE: The 'DISTRIBUTE BY' clause is not specified. Using 'id' as the distribution column by default. HINT: Please use 'DISTRIBUTE BY' clause to specify suitable data distribution column. gaussdb=# INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (1, 'one'); INSERT 0 1 gaussdb=# INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (2, 'two'); INSERT 0 1 gaussdb=# SELECT xmlagg(data) FROM xmltest; xmlagg -------------------------------------- onetwo (1 row)
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 示例2：为兼容ORA数据库的语法示例。 | ``` gaussdb=# SET xmloption=document; SET gaussdb=# SELECT xmlagg(data) FROM xmltest; xmlagg -------------------- <value>one</value>+ <value>two</value> (1 row) gaussdb=# DELETE FROM XMLTEST; DELETE 2 gaussdb=# INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (1, '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?><value>one</value>'); INSERT 0 1 gaussdb=# INSERT INTO xmltest VALUES (2, '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?><value>two</value>'); INSERT 0 1 gaussdb=# SELECT xmlagg(data) FROM xmltest; xmlagg -------------------------------------------------------- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?><value>one</value>+ <value>two</value> (1 row) gaussdb=# SELECT xmlagg(data order by id desc) FROM xmltest; xmlagg -------------------------------------------------------- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?><value>two</value>+ <value>one</value> (1 row) gaussdb=# DROP TABLE xmltest; ``` | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -
xmlelement( [ ENTITYESCAPING | NOENTITYESCAPING ] { [ NAME ] element_name | EVALNAME element_name } [ , xmlattributes( [ ENTITYESCAPING | NOENTITYESCAPING ] value [ [ AS ] attname | AS EVALNAME attname ] [ , ... ] ) ] [ , content [ [ AS ] alias ] [ , ... ] ] )
返回值类型：XML
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT xmlelement(name foo); xmlelement ------------ --在ORA兼容模式下。 gaussdb=# CREATE DATABASE gaussdb_ora DBCOMPATIBILITY='ORA'; CREATE DATABASE gaussdb=# \c gaussdb_ora gaussdb_ora=# SET a_format_version='10c'; SET gaussdb_ora=# SET a_format_dev_version=s2; SET --xmlelement中默认不设置或者设置ENTITYESCAPING关键字时，xmlelement的内容中的保留字符将会被转义。 gaussdb_ora=# SELECT xmlelement("entityescaping<>", 'a><&"b'); xmlelement ------------------------------------------------------------- <entityescaping<>>a><&"b</entityescaping<>> (1 row) gaussdb_ora=# SELECT xmlelement(entityescaping "entityescaping<>", 'a><&"b'); xmlelement ------------------------------------------------------------- <entityescaping<>>a><&"b</entityescaping<>> (1 row) --xmlelement中设置NOENTITYESCAPING关键字时，xmlelement的内容中的保留字符将不会被转义。 gaussdb_ora=# SELECT xmlelement(noentityescaping "entityescaping<>", 'a><&"b'); xmlelement ---------------------------------------------- <entityescaping<>>a><&"b</entityescaping<>> (1 row) --xmlelement中对内容使用[as] alias声明别名时，内容值类型必须为xml类型。 gaussdb_ora=# SELECT xmlelement("entityescaping<>", '' b); ERROR: argument of XMLELEMENT must be type xml, not type unknown LINE 1: SELECT xmlelement("entityescaping<>", '' b); ^ CONTEXT: referenced column: xmlelement gaussdb_ora=# SELECT xmlelement("entityescaping<>", '' as b); ERROR: argument of XMLELEMENT must be type xml, not type unknown LINE 1: SELECT xmlelement("entityescaping<>", '' as b); ^ CONTEXT: referenced column: xmlelement gaussdb_ora=# SELECT xmlelement("entityescaping<>", xml('') b); xmlelement --------------------------------------------- <entityescaping<>></entityescaping<>> (1 row) gaussdb_ora=# SELECT xmlelement("entityescaping<>", xml('') as b); xmlelement --------------------------------------------- <entityescaping<>></entityescaping<>> (1 row) --xmlattributes中默认不设置或者设置ENTITYESCAPING关键字时，xmlattributes的内容中的保留字符将会被转义。 gaussdb_ora=# SELECT xmlelement("entityescaping<>", xmlattributes('entityescaping<>' "entityescaping<>")); xmlelement --------------------------------------------------------------- <entityescaping<> entityescaping<>="entityescaping<>"/> (1 row) gaussdb_ora=# SELECT xmlelement(name "entityescaping<>", xmlattributes(entityescaping 'entityescaping<>' "entityescaping<>")); xmlelement --------------------------------------------------------------- <entityescaping<> entityescaping<>="entityescaping<>"/> (1 row) --xmlattributes中设置NOENTITYESCAPING关键字时，xmlattributes的内容中的保留字符将不会被转义。 gaussdb_ora=# SELECT xmlelement("entityescaping<>", xmlattributes(noentityescaping 'entityescaping<>' "entityescaping<>")); xmlelement --------------------------------------------------------- <entityescaping<> entityescaping<>="entityescaping<>"/> (1 row) gaussdb_ora=# \c postgres gaussdb=# DROP DATABASE gaussdb_ora; DROP DATABASE
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  - xmlelement和xmlattributes的name字段赋NULL时，行为与O不一致。xmlelement的name字段赋NULL时，结果显示name信息为空，且不显示属性信息。xmlattributes的name字段赋NULL时，不显示属性信息。 - 设置如下两个参数后，xmlelement的内容转义规则为ORA兼容，未设置时xmlelement的内容转义规则为PG兼容。 | ``` SET a_format_version='10c'; SET a_format_dev_version=s2; ``` | | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
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xmlforest(content [AS name] [, ...])
返回值类型：XML
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT xmlforest('abc' AS foo, 123 AS bar); xmlforest ------------------------------ abc123
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xmlpi(name target [, content])
描述：创建一个XML处理指令。若内容不为空，则内容不能包含字符序列。
返回值类型：XML
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT xmlpi(name php, 'echo "hello world";'); xmlpi -----------------------------
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xmlroot(xml, version text | no value [, standalone yes|no|no value])
描述：修改一个XML值的根节点的属性。如果指定了一个版本，它会替换根节点的版本声明中的值；如果指定了一个独立设置，它会替换根节点的独立声明中的值。
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT xmlroot('abc',version '1.0', standalone yes); xmlroot -------------------------------------------------------------- abc (1 row)
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xmlexists(text passing [BY REF] xml [BY REF])
描述：评价一个XPath 1.0表达式(第一个参数)，以传递的XML值作为其上下文项。 如果评价的结果产生一个空节点集，该函数返回false，如果产生任何其他值，则返回true。 如果任何参数为空，则函数返回null。 作为上下文项传递的非空值必须是一个XML文档，而不是内容片段或任何非XML值。
参数：XML
返回值类型：BOOLEAN
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT xmlexists('//town[text() = ''Toronto'']' PASSING BY REF 'TorontoOttawa'); xmlexists ------------ t (1 row)
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xml_is_well_formed(text)
描述：检查text是不是正确的XML类型格式、返回值为布尔类型。
参数：text
返回值类型：BOOLEAN
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT xml_is_well_formed('<>'); xml_is_well_formed -------------------- f (1 row)
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xml_is_well_formed_document(text)
描述：检查text是否为良构的XML document类型格式，返回值为布尔类型。
参数：text
返回值类型：BOOLEAN
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT xml_is_well_formed_document('<pg:foo xmlns:pg="postgresql.org/stuff">bar</pg:foo>'); xml_is_well_formed_document ----------------------------- t (1 row)
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xml_is_well_formed_content(text)
描述：检查text是否为良构的XML content类型格式，返回值为布尔类型。
参数：text
返回值类型：BOOLEAN
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT xml_is_well_formed_content('k'); xml_is_well_formed_content ---------------------------- t (1 row)
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xpath(xpath, xml [, nsarray])
描述：在XML类型的数据xml上，计算XPath 1.0表达式（如：xpath (a text value)）。它返回一个XML值的数组，该数组对应于该XPath表达式产生的节点集合。如果该XPath表达式返回一个标量值而不是一个节点集合，将会返回一个单一元素的数组。
第二个参数必须是一个良构的XML文档。它必须有一个单一根节点元素。
该函数可选的第三个参数是一个名字空间映射的数组。这个数组应该是一个二维text数组，其第二轴长度等于2（即应该是一个数组的数组，其中每一个都刚好由2个元素组成）。每个数组项的第一个元素是名字空间的名称（别名），第二个元素是名字空间的URI。并不要求在这个数组中提供的别名和在XML文档本身中使用的那些名字空间相同（即在XML文档中和在xpath函数环境中，别名都是本地的）。
返回值类型：XML
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT xpath('/my:a/text()', '<my:a xmlns:my="example.com">test</my:a>',ARRAY[ARRAY['my', 'example.com']]); xpath -------- {test} (1 row)
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xpath_exists(xpath, xml [, nsarray])
描述：该函数是xpath函数的一种特殊形式。这个函数不是返回满足XPath 1.0表达式的单一XML值，它返回一个布尔值表示查询是否被满足(它是否产生了空节点集以外的任何值)。这个函数等价于标准的XMLEXISTS谓词，不过它还提供了对一个名字空间映射参数的支持。
返回值类型：BOOLEAN
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT xpath_exists('/my:a/text()', '<my:a xmlns:my="example.com">test</my:a>',ARRAY[ARRAY['my', 'example.com']]); xpath_exists -------------- t (1 row)
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  以下XML类型函数示例中，需进行前置数据准备，如下所示： | ``` gaussdb=# CREATE SCHEMA testxmlschema; CREATE SCHEMA gaussdb=# CREATE TABLE testxmlschema.test1 (a int, b text); CREATE TABLE gaussdb=# INSERT INTO testxmlschema.test1 VALUES (1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (-1, null); INSERT 0 3 gaussdb=# CREATE DATABASE test; CREATE DATABASE --示例执行结束后，可使用如下命令删除上述前置数据。 gaussdb=# DROP DATABASE test; DROP DATABASE gaussdb=# DROP TABLE testxmlschema.test1; DROP TABLE gaussdb=# DROP SCHEMA testxmlschema; DROP SCHEMA ``` | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -
query_to_xml(query text, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)
返回值类型：XML
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT query_to_xml('SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1', false, false, ''); query_to_xml ---------------------------------------------------------------
+ + + 1 + one + + + + 2 + two + + + + -1 + + ++ (1 row)
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query_to_xmlschema(query text, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)
描述：该函数会将query查询的内容映射成XML文档和XML模式文档，并把两个文档连接在一起。
返回值类型：XML
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT query_to_xmlschema('SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1', false, false, ''); query_to_xmlschema ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <xsd:schema + xmlns:xsd="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSch… + + <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER"> + <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int"> + <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/> + <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/> + </xsd:restriction> + </xsd:simpleType> + + <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text"> + <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"> + </xsd:restriction> + </xsd:simpleType> + + <xsd:complexType name="RowType"> + xsd:sequence + <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element> + <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" minOccurs="0"></xsd:element>+ </xsd:sequence> + </xsd:complexType> + + <xsd:complexType name="TableType"> + xsd:sequence + <xsd:element name="row" type="RowType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> + </xsd:sequence> + </xsd:complexType> + + <xsd:element name="table" type="TableType"/> + + </xsd:schema> (1 row)
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query_to_xml_and_xmlschema(query text, nulls boolean, tableforest boolean, targetns text)
描述：该函数会将query查询的内容映射成XML文档和XML模式文档，并把两个文档连接在一起。
返回值类型：XML
示例：
| ``` gaussdb=# SELECT query_to_xml_and_xmlschema('SELECT * FROM testxmlschema.test1', true, true, ''); query_to_xml_and_xmlschema ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <xsd:schema + xmlns:xsd="www.w3.org/2001/XMLSch… + + <xsd:simpleType name="INTEGER"> + <xsd:restriction base="xsd:int"> + <xsd:maxInclusive value="2147483647"/> + <xsd:minInclusive value="-2147483648"/> + </xsd:restriction> + </xsd:simpleType> + + <xsd:simpleType name="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text"> + <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"> + </xsd:restriction> + </xsd:simpleType> + + <xsd:complexType name="RowType"> + xsd:sequence + <xsd:element name="a" type="INTEGER" nillable="true"></xsd:element> + <xsd:element name="b" type="UDT.regression.pg_catalog.text" nillable="true"></xsd:element>+ </xsd:sequence> + </xsd:complexType> + + <xsd:element name="row" type="RowType"/> + + </xsd:schema> + + + + 1 + one + + + + + 2 + two + + + + + -1 + + + + (1 row)
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更多详情请参考GaussDB 文档中心：doc.hcs.huawei.com/db/zh-cn/ga…
