在 Python 中,我们经常会使用条件语句(如 if-else)来控制程序的执行流程。但是,有时候我们需要在条件语句中返回一个结果,然后使用这个结果重新进入条件语句。这通常需要使用循环或递归等技术。
在这个问题中,作者希望在 Python 中实现以下功能:
- 如果条件语句(if (dem_arr[randx, randy] > -100))为真,则继续执行后面的代码。
- 如果条件语句为假,则返回新的 randx 和 randy 值,并将这些值重新传入条件语句。
2、解决方案 为了解决这个问题,我们可以使用 while 循环来实现。具体而言,我们可以使用以下步骤:
- 定义一个 while 循环,并设置一个计数器 count 为 0。
- 在 while 循环中,检查条件语句(if (dem_arr[randx, randy] > -100))是否为真。
- 如果为真,则执行后面的代码。
- 如果为假,则返回新的 randx 和 randy 值,并将这些值重新传入条件语句。
- 在条件语句为真的情况下,执行以下操作:
- 将计数器 count 加 1。
- 将当前的 randx 和 randy 值压入栈中(stack.append((randx, randy)))。
- 计算出周围八个相邻点的位置(nx, ny)。
- 遍历周围八个相邻点,并检查以下条件:
- 如果 nx 和 ny 都在数组 dem_arr 的范围内。
- 如果 dem_arr[nx, ny] 的值大于 -100。
- 如果 mask[nx, ny] 为假,即该点还没有被访问过。
- 如果 dem_arr[nx, ny] 和 dem_arr[randx, randy] 的差值的绝对值小于或等于 5。
- 如果满足以上条件,则将 (nx, ny) 压入栈中,并将 (nx, ny) 添加到 counterStack 中。
- 重复步骤 2 到 4,直到计数器 count 大于 121。
以下是该问题的 Python 代码示例:
import numpy as np
import random
neighbors = [(-1,-1), (-1,0), (-1,1), (0,1), (1,1), (1,0), (1,-1), (0,-1)]
def find_connected_component(dem_arr, start_point):
"""Finds the connected component of a given start point in a DEM array.
Args:
dem_arr: A 2D array representing the DEM.
start_point: A tuple (x, y) representing the starting point.
Returns:
A list of tuples representing the connected component.
"""
# Initialize the mask array and the stack.
mask = np.zeros_like(dem_arr, dtype=bool)
stack = [start_point]
# Initialize the counter stack.
counterStack = [start_point]
# Initialize the count variable.
count = 0
# While the count is less than or equal to 121, continue the loop.
while count <= 121:
# Pop the top element from the stack.
x, y = stack.pop()
# Set the mask value at the current point to True.
mask[x, y] = True
# Iterate over the neighbors of the current point.
for dx, dy in neighbors:
# Calculate the coordinates of the neighbor.
nx, ny = x + dx, y + dy
# Check if the neighbor is within the bounds of the array.
if 0 <= nx < dem_arr.shape[0] and 0 <= ny < dem_arr.shape[1]:
# Check if the neighbor has a valid elevation value.
if dem_arr[nx, ny] > -100:
# Check if the neighbor has not been visited yet.
if not mask[nx, ny]:
# Check if the elevation difference between the neighbor and the current point is less than or equal to 5.
if abs(dem_arr[nx, ny] - dem_arr[x, y]) <= 5:
# Push the neighbor onto the stack.
stack.append((nx, ny))
# If the neighbor is not in the counter stack, add it to the counter stack.
if (nx, ny) not in counterStack:
counterStack.append((nx, ny))
count += 1
# Return the counter stack.
return counterStack
def find_random_start_point(dem_arr):
"""
Finds a random starting point within the DEM array dem_arr
Args:
dem_arr: A 2D array representing the DEM.
Returns:
A tuple (randx, randy) representing the random starting point
"""
col, row = dem_arr.shape
randx = random.randint(0, row-1)
randy = random.randint(0, col-1)
return randx, randy
def main():
# Load the DEM array from a file.
dem_arr = np.loadtxt('dem.txt', delimiter=',')
# Find a random starting point.
randx, randy = find_random_start_point(dem_arr)
# Find the connected component of the random starting point.
connected_component = find_connected_component(dem_arr, (randx, randy))
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()