Spring Boot 集成三大消息框架：Kafka、RabbitMQ 和 RocketMQ

Spring Boot 集成 Kafka

1. 添加依赖

在 pom.xml 中添加 Kafka 依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. 配置 Kafka

在 application.yml 中配置 Kafka：

spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: localhost:9092
    producer:
      key-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
      value-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
    consumer:
      group-id: test-group
      key-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
      value-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer

3. 生产者代码

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class KafkaProducerService {
    @Autowired
    private KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate;

    public void sendMessage(String topic, String message) {
        kafkaTemplate.send(topic, message);
        System.out.println("Sent message: " + message);
    }
}

4. 消费者代码

import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class KafkaConsumerService {
    @KafkaListener(topics = "test-topic", groupId = "test-group")
    public void listen(String message) {
        System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
    }
}

---

🌠 Spring Boot 集成 RabbitMQ

1. 添加依赖

在 pom.xml 中添加 RabbitMQ 依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. 配置 RabbitMQ

在 application.yml 中配置 RabbitMQ：

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest

3. 生产者代码

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class RabbitMQProducerService {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private Queue queue;

    public void sendMessage(String message) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queue.getName(), message);
        System.out.println("Sent message: " + message);
    }
}

4. 消费者代码

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class RabbitMQConsumerService {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "test-queue")
    public void listen(String message) {
        System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
    }
}

---

🛸 Spring Boot 集成 RocketMQ

1. 添加依赖

在 pom.xml 中添加 RocketMQ 依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.rocketmq</groupId>
    <artifactId>rocketmq-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.0</version>
</dependency>

2. 配置 RocketMQ

在 application.yml 中配置 RocketMQ：

rocketmq:
  name-server: localhost:9876
  producer:
    group: test-producer-group

3. 生产者代码

import org.apache.rocketmq.spring.core.RocketMQTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class RocketMQProducerService {
    @Autowired
    private RocketMQTemplate rocketMQTemplate;

    public void sendMessage(String topic, String message) {
        rocketMQTemplate.convertAndSend(topic, message);
        System.out.println("Sent message: " + message);
    }
}

4. 消费者代码

import org.apache.rocketmq.spring.annotation.RocketMQMessageListener;
import org.apache.rocketmq.spring.core.RocketMQListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
@RocketMQMessageListener(topic = "test-topic", consumerGroup = "test-consumer-group")
public class RocketMQConsumerService implements RocketMQListener<String> {
    @Override
    public void onMessage(String message) {
        System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
    }
}

---

⚡ 三种消息框架的对比

特性	Kafka	RabbitMQ	RocketMQ
吞吐量	极高（百万级）	高（十万级）	高（十万级）
可靠性	高（持久化 + 副本）	高（消息确认 + 持久化）	极高（事务消息 + 顺序消息）
适用场景	日志收集、流处理	企业级应用、复杂路由	金融级高可靠场景
开发复杂度	中等	低	中等