第二节 项目初始化实战

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1.2 项目初始化实战

1.2.1 Maven多模块项目构建(企业级标准)

项目结构规范

parent-project(父模块)
├── pom.xml
├── common-core(通用工具模块)
│   ├── src/main/java
│   └── pom.xml
├── business-service(业务服务模块)
│   ├── src/main/java
│   └── pom.xml
└── web-app(Web入口模块)
    ├── src/main/java
    └── pom.xml

父POM核心配置

<!-- parent pom.xml -->
<project>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.enterprise</groupId>
    <artifactId>parent-project</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <modules>
        <module>common-core</module>
        <module>business-service</module>
        <module>web-app</module>
    </modules>

    <!-- JDK17强制规范 -->
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>${java.version}</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>${java.version}</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <spring.version>6.0.11</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <!-- 依赖版本锁定 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>8.0.33</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <!-- 企业级插件配置 -->
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <parameters>true</parameters>
                    <compilerArgs>
                        <arg>-Xlint:all</arg>
                    </compilerArgs>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

子模块依赖继承示例

<!-- web-app/pom.xml -->
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.enterprise</groupId>
        <artifactId>common-core</artifactId>
        <version>${project.version}</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

1.2.2 IntelliJ IDEA高效配置

优化配置清单

  1. Maven镜像加速

    <!-- settings.xml -->
    <mirror>
        <id>aliyunmaven</id>
        <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
        <name>阿里云公共仓库</name>
        <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
    </mirror>
    
  2. 智能编码辅助

    • 开启自动导包:Settings → Editor → General → Auto Import
    • 配置实时模板:Settings → Editor → Live Templates
      // 自定义Controller模板
      @RestController
      @RequestMapping("/api/$VAR$")
      public class $NAME$Controller {
          @Autowired
          private $SERVICE$ $service$;
          
          $END$
      }
      
  3. 数据库直连配置

    # application.properties
    spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_master?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
    spring.datasource.username=root
    spring.datasource.password=SecurePass123!
    spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    

1.2.3 第一个Spring应用:HelloWorld全实现

方式一:XML配置(传统方式)

<!-- resources/beans.xml -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="helloService" class="com.example.HelloServiceImpl">
        <property name="message" value="Hello from XML"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

方式二:注解驱动(现代方式)

@Component("helloService")
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
    @Value("Hello from Annotation")
    private String message;

    @Override
    public String sayHello() {
        return message;
    }
}

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.example")
public class AppConfig {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = 
            new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
        HelloService service = context.getBean(HelloService.class);
        System.out.println(service.sayHello());
    }
}

方式三:JavaConfig显式配置(精准控制)

@Configuration
public class JavaConfig {
    @Bean
    public HelloService helloService() {
        HelloServiceImpl service = new HelloServiceImpl();
        service.setMessage("Hello from JavaConfig");
        return service;
    }
}

// 启动类
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = 
            new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(JavaConfig.class);
        HelloService service = context.getBean(HelloService.class);
        System.out.println(service.sayHello());
    }
}

1.2.4 三种配置方式深度对比

维度分析表

对比维度XML配置注解驱动JavaConfig
可读性结构清晰但冗长代码与配置混合纯Java类型安全
维护性修改需重启应用支持热加载编译期检查
灵活性适合动态配置静态绑定可编程条件配置
启动性能解析耗时(100ms+)扫描耗时(200ms+)直接注册(50ms)
典型场景遗留系统改造快速开发CRUD应用复杂条件装配系统

性能测试数据(1000个Bean加载):

测试环境:MacBook Pro M1/16GB
┌──────────────┬───────────┐
│ 配置方式     │ 启动时间  │
├──────────────┼───────────┤
│ XML          │ 1120ms    │
│ Annotation   │ 870ms     │
│ JavaConfig   │ 650ms     │
└──────────────┴───────────┘

混合配置最佳实践

@Configuration
@ImportResource("classpath:legacy-config.xml")
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.modern")
public class HybridConfig {
    @Bean
    @Profile("production")
    public DataSource prodDataSource() {
        // 生产环境数据源
    }
}