在EC2(Amazon Linux 2)上安装MySQL8.0

A小辣椒
262 阅读4分钟

1.远程登录Amazon Linux

用ssh-keygen生成ssh密钥

  • -t：生成 RSA 类型的密钥
  • -f：指定密钥存储路径
ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/ec2

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /Users/chessia/.ssh/ec2
Your public key has been saved in /Users/chessia/.ssh/ec2.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:7Ks0TN0GVrL1WAHzZh496aFkrlQrW8wkFNBB+0adNbo chessia@CdeMacBook-Pro.local
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|        o+X+o. ..|
|         *.B o.+.|
|        + + %.B  |
|       + o / =.o |
|      . S = @E.  |
|     o . o *     |
|      + . o      |
|     . . .       |
|      ...        |
+----[SHA256]-----+

在MacOS/Linux下，把生成的ec2.pub上传到Amazon服务器上(EC2)

cat ec2.pub|pbcopy

用ssh远程登录

  • -i：指定私钥路径
ssh -i ~/.ssh/ec2 ec2-user@18.183.29.171

The authenticity of host '18.183.29.171 (18.183.29.171)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:Ti5nq4V7tCdBD6PBMAtLWlVV/ZO5LW/R8Mx4ry6kPLM.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '18.183.29.171' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
Enter passphrase for key '/Users/chessia/.ssh/ec2': 
   ,     #_
   ~\_  ####_        Amazon Linux 2
  ~~  \_#####\
  ~~     \###|       AL2 End of Life is 2025-06-30.
  ~~       \#/ ___
   ~~       V~' '->
    ~~~         /    A newer version of Amazon Linux is available!
      ~~._.   _/
         _/ _/       Amazon Linux 2023, GA and supported until 2028-03-15.
       _/m/'           https://aws.amazon.com/linux/amazon-linux-2023/

-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (UTF-8): No such file or directory

进入root

sudo -i

查看系统信息

cat /etc/os-release

NAME="Amazon Linux"
VERSION="2"
ID="amzn"
ID_LIKE="centos rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="2"
PRETTY_NAME="Amazon Linux 2"
ANSI_COLOR="0;33"
CPE_NAME="cpe:2.3:o:amazon:amazon_linux:2"
HOME_URL="https://amazonlinux.com/"
SUPPORT_END="2025-06-30"

允许root用户登录

sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

将PermitRootLogin no修改为PermitRootLogin yes，保存文件后重启ssh服务

sudo systemctl restart sshd

2.下载Mysql

首先删除已有的 mariadb-server（如果已安装）

sudo yum remove mariadb-* -y

下载并安装 MySQL yum 仓库

  • -i：安装指定的 .rpm 包
  • -v：输出详细信息
  • -h：显示进度条
sudo wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
sudo rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm

安装 MySQL 8.0

sudo yum install mysql-community-server -y

如果遇到 GPG 密钥错误

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+6 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 89 M
Installed size: 417 M
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/2/mysql80-community/packages/mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID a8d3785c: NOKEY
Public key for mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/7): mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.40-1.el7.x86_64. | 3.5 MB   00:00     
(2/7): mysql-community-common-8.0.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm      | 665 kB   00:00     
(3/7): mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.40-1.el7.x86_64. | 2.2 MB   00:00     
(4/7): mysql-community-libs-8.0.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm        | 1.5 MB   00:00     
(5/7): mysql-community-client-8.0.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm      |  16 MB   00:00     
(6/7): ncurses-compat-libs-6.0-8.20170212.amzn2.1.8.x86_64 | 309 kB   00:00     
(7/7): mysql-community-server-8.0.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm      |  65 MB   00:00     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                              145 MB/s |  89 MB  00:00     
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
Importing GPG key 0x3A79BD29:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: 859b e8d7 c586 f538 430b 19c2 467b 942d 3a79 bd29
 Package    : mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
 Package    : mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql


Public key for mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed


 Failing package is: mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.40-1.el7.x86_64
 GPG Keys are configured as: file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022, file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

重新导入 MySQL 的 GPG 密钥

sudo rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
sudo rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

清理 yum 缓存并重新安装

sudo yum clean all
sudo yum makecache

重新安装 MySQL

sudo yum install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck -y

Installed:
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.40-1.el7                                  

Dependency Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.40-1.el7                                  
  mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.40-1.el7                          
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.40-1.el7                                  
  mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 0:8.0.40-1.el7                          
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.40-1.el7                                    
  ncurses-compat-libs.x86_64 0:6.0-8.20170212.amzn2.1.8                         

Complete!

使用 --nogpgcheck 参数可以暂时跳过 GPG 检查。虽然通常不建议跳过安全检查，但在这种情况下，由于是直接从 MySQL 官方仓库下载，相对安全 安装完成后，启动 MySQL 服务

sudo systemctl start mysqld

如果提示 Unit not found，需要重新加载系统服务

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start mysqld

检查 MySQL 服务状态

sudo systemctl status mysqld

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-01-20 16:06:38 UTC; 39s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 2880 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2948 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─2948 /usr/sbin/mysqld

设置开机自启

sudo systemctl enable mysqld

获取临时密码

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: RefaOhs7Bn)l

运行安全配置脚本

sudo mysql_secure_installation

在运行安全配置脚本时，需要：

  • 输入之前获取的临时密码
  • 设置新的 root 密码（必须包含大小写字母、数字和特殊字符）
  • 删除匿名用户
  • 禁止 root 远程登录
  • 删除测试数据库
  • 重新加载权限表 验证安装
mysql -V

mysql  Ver 8.0.40 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

登录

mysql -uroot -p

如果登陆不成功，出现ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)，则需要修改/etc/my.cnf，添加如下代码

sudo vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

[client]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

# 重启
sudo systemctl restart mysqld
avatar
文章
阅读
粉丝