a、存在位置
监控Windows主机。
b、作用
相当于Linux下的NRPE。
c、原理
（3）NDOUtils：不推荐使用
a、存在位置
Nagios服务器端。
b、作用
用于将Nagios的配置信息和各event产生的数据存入数据库以实现对这些数据的检索和处理。但是存入数据库还不如存放在磁盘上，因此不推荐使用。
c、原理
（4）NSCA：纯被动模式的监控
a、存在位置
同时安装在Nagios的服务器端和客户端。
b、作用
用于让被监控的远程Linux/Unix主机主动将监控到的信息发送给Nagios服务器。在分布式监控集群模式中要用到，300台服务器以内可以不考虑。
c、原理
5、Nagios的监控原理图
二、Nagios服务端安装
1、演示环境
| Host | OS | role | remask |
| 192.168.1.198 | RedHat6.4_32 | Nagios监控服务器 | 服务端 |
| 192.168.1.218 | CentOS6.5_32 | LNMP_Web服务器 | 被监控的客户端服务器 |
| 192.168.1.219 | CentOS6.5_32 | LNMP_Web服务器 | 被监控的客户端服务器 |
2、安装前准备工作
（1）配置yum源
echo "------- Step 1 : Config yum -------"
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repohttp://mirrors.aliyum.com/repo/CentOS-6.repo
（2）配置字符集
echo "------- Step 2 : Config CharSet -------"
echo 'export LC_ALL=C' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
（3）关闭防火墙和SELinux
echo "------- Step 3 : Stop iptables and SELinux -------"
a、关闭防火墙
/etc/init.d/iptables stop
/etc/init.d/ip6tables stop
chkconfig iptables off
chkconfig ip6tables off
b、关闭SELinux
setenforce 0
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
c、脚本方式关闭SELinu
if [ if /etc/selinux/config ]; then
sed -i's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disable#g' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
fi
（4）配置时间同步任务（监控要求时间准确）
echo "------- Step 4 : Config CharSet -------"
/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org
echo "#time sync by my at date +%F " >> /var/spool/cron/root
echo '*/10 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org >/dev/null2>&1' >> /var/spool/cron/root
crontab -l
（5）安装gcc和lamp环境（Nagios提供web界面查看，Nagios与httpd配合是官方推荐）
echo "------- Step 5 : Install gcc and lamp env etc-------"
yum install gcc glibc glibc-common -y #编译环境
yum install gd gd-devel -y #画图用
yum install httpd php php-gd -y #php环境
yum install mysql* -y #非必须，但如不安装，nagios在安装时，就不会产生监控数据库的插件
yum install perl-devel -y #安装nagios插件时需要
3、安装
（1）增加nagios用户和组
echo "------- Step 6 : add nagios user and group -------"
/usr/sbin/useradd -m nagios
#/usr/sbin/useradd apache #安装httpd时已安装
/usr/sbin/groupadd nagcmd
/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios
/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd apache
（2）解压安装nagios软件包
echo "------- Step 7 : download and install nagios-------"
cd /tools
unzip oldboy_training_nagios_soft.zip
tar xzf nagios-3.5.1.tar.gz
cd nagios
./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd
make all
make install
make install-init #This installs theinit script in /etc/rc.d/init.d
make install-config # This installssample config files in /usr/local/nagios/etc
make install-commandmode #installs andconfigures permissions the external command file
make install-webconf #生成nagios在apache中的配置文件：/etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf
cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf #查看nagios.conf文件的内容
SAMPLE CONFIG SNIPPETS FOR APACHE WEB SERVER
Last Modified: 11-26-2005
This file contains examples of entries that need
to be incorporated into your Apache web server
configuration file. Customize the paths, etc. as
needed to fit your system.
ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin "/usr/local/nagios/sbin"
<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/sbin">
# SSLRequireSSL
Options ExecCGI
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
# Order deny,allow
# Deny from all
# Allow from 127.0.0.1
AuthName "NagiosAccess"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users
Require valid-user
Alias /nagios "/usr/local/nagios/share"
<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/share">
# SSLRequireSSL
Options None
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
# Order deny,allow
# Deny from all
# Allow from 127.0.0.1
AuthName "NagiosAccess"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users
Require valid-user
（3）配置apache的web认证（也就是登陆web的用户和密码：test/123456）
echo "------- Step 8 : config web auth -------"
#一定要用/etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf文件中指定的AuthUserFile的值一样，否则不能登陆
htpasswd -cb /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users test 123456
cd ..
（4）安装nagios插件
echo "------- Step 9 : install nagios-plusins -------"
#yum install perl-devel -y #安装nagios插件时需要，需确认一下是否安装
tar zxf nagios-plugins-1.4.16.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-1.4.16
./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios--enable-perl-modules
make && make install
ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/ | wc -l #查看安装的插件的数量
61
（5）安装nrpe（因为服务端需要chek_nrpe插件）
echo "------- Step 10 : install nrpe -------"
tar zxf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
cd nrpe-2.12
./configure
make all
make install-plugin
make install-daemon
make install-daemon-config
cd ..
（6）启动服务并检查
echo "------- Step 11 : startup service and check -------"
/etc/init.d/nagios start
/etc/init.d/httpd start
lsof -i tcp:80
ps -ef | grep nagios
（7）浏览器登陆验证
出现登陆框，用户输入test，密码输入123456后提示用户名密码错误，经检查原因如下：
配置文件/etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf文件中指定的AuthUserFile的值为：
AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users
但创建密码文件时的文件为：
htpasswd -cb /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.user test 123456
重新创建密码文件后，成功登陆
htpasswd -cb /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users test 123456
三、Nagios客户端安装
1、客户端需安装的软件
（1）不需要安装的软件
a、无需lamp环境。
不需要安装gd、gd-devel、mysql*、httpd、php、php-gd
b、无需nagios服务端软件包
不需要安装nagios-3.5.1.tar.gz
c、无需gcc环境
不需要安装gcc glibc glibc-common
（2）需要安装的软件
a、客户端软件：
nrpe-2.12
b、插件：
Class-Accessor-0.31.tar.gz
Config-Tiny-2.12.tar.gz
Math-Calc-Units-1.07.tar.gz
Nagios-Plugin-0.34.tar.gz
Params-Validate-0.91.tar.gz
Regexp-Common-2010010201.tar.gz
check_iostat
check_memory.pl
2、安装前准备工作
（1）配置yum源
echo "------- Step 1 : Config yum -------"
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repohttp://mirrors.aliyum.com/repo/CentOS-6.repo
（2）配置字符集
echo "------- Step 2 : Config CharSet -------"
echo 'export LC_ALL=C' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
（3）关闭防火墙和SELinux
echo "------- Step 3 : Stop iptables and SELinux -------"
a、关闭防火墙
/etc/init.d/iptables stop
/etc/init.d/ip6tables stop
chkconfig iptables off
chkconfig ip6tables off
b、关闭SELinux
setenforce 0
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
c、脚本方式关闭SELinu
if [ if /etc/selinux/config ]; then
sed -i's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disable#g' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
fi
（4）配置时间同步任务（监控要求时间准确）
echo "------- Step 4 : Config CharSet -------"
/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org
echo "#time sync by my at date +%F " >>/var/spool/cron/root
echo '*/10 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org >/dev/null2>&1' >> /var/spool/cron/root
crontab -l
3、安装
（1）增加nagios用户和组
echo "------- Step 5 : add nagios user and group -------"
/usr/sbin/useradd -m nagios -s /sbin/nologin
（2）安装nagios插件
echo "------- Step 6 : install nagios-plusins -------"
#yum install perl-devel -y #安装nagios插件时需要，需确认一下是否安装
scp /wddg/tools/oldboy_training_nagios_soft.ziproot@192.168.1.218:/wddg/tools/
cd /wddg/tools/
unzip oldboy_training_nagios_soft.zip
tar zxf nagios-plugins-1.4.16.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-1.4.16
./configure --prefix=/application/nagios--enable-perl-modules --enable-redhat-pthread-workaround
make && make install
ls /application/nagios/libexec/ | wc -l #查看安装的插件的数量
64
（3）安装nrpe
echo "------- Step 7 : install nrpe -------"
tar zxf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
cd nrpe-2.12
./configure --prefix=/application/nagios #目录必须与nagios-plugins目录一致
make all
make install-plugin
make install-daemon
make install-daemon-config
cd ..
（4）安装iostat（监控磁盘IO的插件）
echo "------- Step 8 : install iostat -------"
cd /wddg/tools/
echo "------- Step 8.1 : install Params-Validate -------"
tar zxvf Params-Validate-0.91.tar.gz
cd Params-Validate-0.91
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd -
echo "------- Step 8.2 : install Class-Accessor -------"
tar zxvf Class-Accessor-0.31.tar.gz
cd Class-Accessor-0.31
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd -
echo "------- Step 8.3 : install Config-Tiny -------"
tar zxvf Config-Tiny-2.12.tar.gz
cd Config-Tiny-2.12
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd -
echo "------- Step 8.4 : install Math-Calc-Units -------"
tar zxvf Math-Calc-Units-1.07.tar.gz
cd Math-Calc-Units-1.07
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd -
echo "------- Step 8.5 : install Regexp-Common -------"
tar zxvf Regexp-Common-2010010201.tar.gz
cd Regexp-Common-2010010201
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd -
echo "------- Step 8.6 : install Nagios-Plugin -------"
tar zxvf Nagios-Plugin-0.34.tar.gz
cd Nagios-Plugin-0.34
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install
cd -
echo "------- Step 8.7 : install sysstat -------"
#for monitor iostat
yum install sysstat -y
echo "------- Step 8.8 : copy script to nagios -------"
/bin/cp /wddg/tools/check_memory.pl /application/nagios/libexec/
/bin/cp /wddg/tools/check_iostat /application/nagios/libexec/
echo "------- Step 8.9 : chmod 755 script-------"
chmod 755 /application/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl
chmod 755 /application/nagios/libexec/check_iostat
echo "------- Step 8.10 : dos2unix script -------"
dos2unix /application/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl
dos2unix /application/nagios/libexec/check_iostat
（5）修改nrpe配置文件nrpe.cfg
cp /application/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg/application/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg.bak
vi /application/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
a、指定nagios服务端IP
#第79行修改前：
allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1
#第79行修改后：
allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.168.1.198
b、删除第199行到203行
sed -i '199,203d' /application/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
下面是删除的内容：
command[check_users]=/application/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 5 -c10
command[check_load]=/application/nagios/libexec/check_load -w15,10,5 -c 30,25,20
command[check_hda1]=/application/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c10% -p /dev/hda1
command[check_zombie_procs]=/application/nagios/libexec/check_procs-w 5 -c 10 -s Z
command[check_total_procs]=/application/nagios/libexec/check_procs-w 150 -c 200
c、在文件未尾加上如下内容
command[check_load]=/application/nagios/libexec/check_load -w15,10,6 -c 30,25,20
command[check_mem]=/application/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl -w 6%-c 3%
command[check_disk]=/application/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c8% -p /
command[check_swap]=/application/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w 20% -c10%"
command[check_iostat]=/application/nagios/libexec/check_iostat -w 6-c 10
