英语:复合介词详解,定义、用法及常见错误

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在英语语法中,介词(preposition) 是一个重要的词类,通常用于连接名词、代词或动名词,表示它们与句中其他部分的关系。除了常见的单一介词(如 in, on, at, by, with),英语中还存在一类 复合介词(compound preposition) ,它们由多个词组合而成,但整体作为 一个介词 使用。

DALL·E 2025-01-04 21.00.40 - An educational infographic illustrating compound prepositions in English grammar. The image should include a structured layout with examples like 'in .webp 本篇文章将详细讲解 复合介词的定义、分类、用法及常见错误,并提供丰富的例句,帮助大家彻底掌握这一语法点。


1. 什么是复合介词?

复合介词(Compound Preposition) 是由两个或更多的词组合而成,作为一个整体介词来使用。它们的作用与普通介词相同,即 引导介词短语,修饰动词、名词或形容词

复合介词的结构

📌 常见的复合介词由以下结构组成:

  1. 简单介词 + 名词/形容词 + 介词

    • in front of(在……前面)
    • on account of(由于)
    • in charge of(负责)
  2. 介词 + 副词/形容词

    • along with(连同)
    • apart from(除……之外)
    • ahead of(在……之前)
  3. 介词 + 动名词

    • owing to(由于)
    • due to(由于)
    • according to(根据)

2. 复合介词的分类及用法

(1)表示时间的复合介词

这些复合介词用来描述时间关系,表示在……之前、之后或持续多久。

复合介词释义例句
prior to在……之前We met prior to the meeting.(我们在会议前见面。)
in the course of在……期间I learned a lot in the course of my studies.(在学习过程中,我学到了很多。)
subsequent to在……之后The decision was made subsequent to the discussion.(该决定是在讨论后作出的。)

(2)表示地点的复合介词

这些短语表示空间位置,如“在……前面”、“在……附近”等。

复合介词释义例句
in front of在……前面He parked his car in front of the house.(他把车停在房子前面。)
on top of在……顶部The keys are on top of the fridge.(钥匙在冰箱上面。)
next to紧挨着She sat next to me.(她坐在我旁边。)

(3)表示原因或结果的复合介词

这些短语用来解释原因、理由或后果

复合介词释义例句
because of因为We canceled the trip because of the storm.(因为暴风雨,我们取消了旅行。)
due to由于The delay was due to bad weather.(延误是由于天气恶劣。)
owing to由于The match was postponed owing to rain.(比赛因下雨推迟。)
on account of由于She was absent on account of illness.(她因病缺席。)

📌 "due to" 与 "because of" 的区别

  • due to 常用于 be 动词后(表语)。
    The delay was due to bad weather. (正确)
    The flight was canceled due to bad weather. (不太自然)
  • because of 可用于任何动词后
    The flight was canceled because of bad weather. (正确)

(4)表示方式、工具或状态的复合介词

这些短语表示某种方式或工具

复合介词释义例句
by means of通过……方式He solved the problem by means of a new method.(他用一种新方法解决了问题。)
in favor of支持The majority voted in favor of the new policy.(大多数人投票支持这项新政策。)
in terms of就……而言This job is good in terms of salary.(就薪水而言,这份工作不错。)

3. 复合介词的常见错误

(1)误用普通介词替换复合介词

🚫 The keys are on the fridge. (虽然不完全错误,但 "on top of" 更具体)
The keys are on top of the fridge. (钥匙在冰箱上面。)

🚫 He is responsible of this project. (错误)
He is responsible for this project. ("responsible for" 而不是 "responsible of"。)


(2)"according to" 不能用于表达自己观点

🚫 According to me, this idea is great. (错误)
In my opinion, this idea is great. ("in my opinion" 更自然)

📌 "according to" 只能用于 引用他人的观点: ✅ According to the news, it will rain tomorrow. (根据新闻报道,明天会下雨。)


(3)误用 "due to" 和 "because of"

🚫 She was late because of the traffic jam. (可以接受,但 "due to" 更正式)
Her lateness was due to the traffic jam. ("due to" 修饰名词 "lateness")


4. 练习:选择正确的复合介词

  1. ______ the bad weather, the event was postponed.
    a) Owing to
    b) In front of
    c) Next to
  2. She completed the task ______ great effort.
    a) In charge of
    b) By means of
    c) According to
  3. The new bridge was built ______ the river.
    a) Next to
    b) On top of
    c) Over

(答案)

  1. a) Owing to
  2. b) By means of
  3. c) Over

5. 总结

复合介词是由多个词组成的整体介词,表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。
常见结构:介词 + 名词/形容词 + 介词,或 介词 + 副词。
避免常见错误,如误用 due to, according to, responsible for。