react -第五章-useMemo

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useMemo:

useMemo: 用于性能优化

依赖项发生变化时,才会重新计算,避免重复渲染,减少资源消耗。类似于vue的computed.

注意

  • 如果计算逻辑简单,使用 useMemo 的开销可能比重新计算还大

执行时机

1.如果依赖项是个空数组,那么 useMemo 的回调函数会执行一次

2.指定依赖项,当依赖项发生变化时, useMemo 的回调函数会执行

3.不指定依赖项,不推荐这么用,因为每次渲染和更新都会执行

React组件渲染条件:

1.组件的state发生变化

2.组件的props发生变化

3.useCOntext发生变化

案例

当我们使用 useMemo 缓存后,只有 goods 发生变化时, total 才会重新计算, 而 search 发生变化时, total 不会重新计算。

import React, { useMemo, useState } from 'react';

function App() {
   const [search, setSearch] = useState('');
   const [goods, setGoods] = useState([
      { id: 1, name: '苹果', price: 10, count: 1 },
      { id: 2, name: '香蕉', price: 20, count: 1 },
      { id: 3, name: '橘子', price: 30, count: 1 },
   ]);
   const handleAdd = (id: number) => {
      setGoods(goods.map(item => item.id === id ? { ...item, count: item.count + 1 } : item));
   }
   const handleSub = (id: number) => {
      setGoods(goods.map(item => item.id === id ? { ...item, count: item.count - 1 } : item));
   }
   const total = useMemo(() => {
      console.log('total');
      return  goods.reduce((total, item) => total + item.price * item.count, 0)
   }, [goods]); //依赖项
   return (
      <div>
         <h1>父组件</h1>
         <input type="text" value={search} onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)} />
         <table border={1} cellPadding={5} cellSpacing={0}>
            <thead>
               <tr>
                  <th>商品名称</th>
                  <th>商品价格</th>
                  <th>商品数量</th>
               </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
               {goods.map(item => <tr key={item.id}>
                  <td>{item.name}</td>
                  <td>{item.price * item.count}</td>
                  <td>
                     <button onClick={() => handleAdd(item.id)}>+</button>
                     <span>{item.count}</span>
                     <button onClick={() => handleSub(item.id)}>-</button>
                  </td>
               </tr>)}
            </tbody>
         </table>
         <h2>总价:{total}</h2>
      </div>
   );
}

export default App;

这个例子没有使用 useMemo 进行缓存,所以每次 search 发生变化, total 都会重新计算,这样就造成了没必要的计算所以我们可以使用 useMemo 缓存,因为我们的 totalsearch 没有关系,那么如果计算的逻辑比较复杂,就造成了性能问题。

import React, { useMemo, useState } from 'react';

function App() {
   const [search, setSearch] = useState('');
   const [goods, setGoods] = useState([
      { id: 1, name: '苹果', price: 10, count: 1 },
      { id: 2, name: '香蕉', price: 20, count: 1 },
      { id: 3, name: '橘子', price: 30, count: 1 },
   ]);
   const handleAdd = (id: number) => {
      setGoods(goods.map(item => item.id === id ? { ...item, count: item.count + 1 } : item));
   }
   const handleSub = (id: number) => {
      setGoods(goods.map(item => item.id === id ? { ...item, count: item.count - 1 } : item));
   }
   const total = () => {
      console.log('total');
      //例如很复杂的计算逻辑
      return goods.reduce((total, item) => total + item.price * item.count, 0)
   }
   return (
      <div>
         <h1>父组件</h1>
         <input type="text" value={search} onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)} />
         <table border={1} cellPadding={5} cellSpacing={0}>
            <thead>
               <tr>
                  <th>商品名称</th>
                  <th>商品价格</th>
                  <th>商品数量</th>
               </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
               {goods.map(item => <tr key={item.id}>
                  <td>{item.name}</td>
                  <td>{item.price * item.count}</td>
                  <td>
                     <button onClick={() => handleAdd(item.id)}>+</button>
                     <span>{item.count}</span>
                     <button onClick={() => handleSub(item.id)}>-</button>
                  </td>
               </tr>)}
            </tbody>
         </table>
         <h2>总价:{total()}</h2>
      </div>
   );
}

export default App;