AlmaLinux8.10安装samba实现与Windows文件共享

kfepiza
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AlmaLinux8.10安装samba实现与Windows文件共享

步骤:

  1. 安装samba, 并启用 smb , nmb 服务

    • 切换阿里源(可选)
    sudo sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
  -e 's|^# baseurl=https://repo.almalinux.org|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|g' \
  -i.bak \
  /etc/yum.repos.d/almalinux*.repo
sudo dnf makecache
    1. 安装 samba
    sudo dnf update
sudo dnf install samba -y
    1. 启用启动 smb, nmb
    sudo systemctl enable smb nmb
sudo systemctl start smb nmb

    在Ubuntu24.04下,smb和smbd通用, nmb和nmbd通用, CentOS,Alma,Rocky 只能用smb和nmb, Ubuntu18.04只能用nmbd和smbd

  2. 设置 /etc/samba/smb.conf

    sudo vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

    2.1 将 [global] 的 workgrop 设为 workgroup

    [global]
	workgroup = workgroup
   	security = user

    不替换, 保留为: workgroup = SAMBA 也能连通

    2.2. 设置共享目录, 这里设置了根目录, 在底部加入

    [root]
path=/
workgroup=workgroup
public=yes
writeable = yes
available = yes
browseable = yes
guest ok = yes
    forceuser = root
    forcegroup = root
    create mask = 0775
    directory mask = 0775

    开头可以有空格或制表符,也可以没有, 等号之间可以有空格,也可以没有 开头单 tab 版

    [RootFolder]
	path = /
	comment = 根文件夹
	public = yes
	read only = no
	writable = yes
	available = yes
	browseable = yes
	guest ok = yes
	forceuser = root
	forcegroup = root
	create mask = 0777
	directory mask = 0777

[RootHomeFolder]
	path = /root
	comment = root用户文件夹
	public = yes
	read only = no
	writable = yes
	available = yes
	browseable = yes
	guest ok = yes
	forceuser = root
	forcegroup = root
	create mask = 0777
	directory mask = 0777

    开头四空格版

    ### 四空格版
[RootFolder]
    path = /
    comment = 根文件夹
    public = yes
    read only = no
    writable = yes
    available = yes
    browseable = yes
    guest ok = yes
    forceuser = root
    forcegroup = root
    create mask = 0777
    directory mask = 0777

[RootHomeFolder]
    path = /root
    comment = root用户文件夹
    public = yes
    read only = no
    writable = yes
    available = yes
    browseable = yes
    guest ok = yes
    forceuser = root
    forcegroup = root
    create mask = 0777
    directory mask = 0777

  3. 将系统用户添加到samba的用户,并单独设置samba的密码,独立于系统密码

    sudo smbpasswd -a root

    查看samba的用户

    sudo pdbedit -L

  4. 重启 smb, nmb 服务

    sudo systemctl restart smb nmb smb nmb

  5. 关闭禁用防火墙或者开启端口

    • 关闭禁用防火墙

      sudo systemctl stop firewalld ; sudo systemctl disable firewalld

    • 或者开启端口 查看firewall默认的zone是不是public

      sudo firewall-cmd --get-default-zone

      • 开放445端口的tcp

        sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=445/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

      • 开放139端口的tcp

        sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=139/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

      • 开放138端口的udp

        sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=138/udp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

      • 开放137端口udp

        sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=137/udp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

      • 开放137,138的udp, 139,445的tcp

        sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=137/udp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=138/udp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=139/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=445/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
sudo systemctl restart firewalld

    • 查看开放的端口 firewall-cmd --list-ports

      sudo firewall-cmd --list-ports

  6. 在Windows登录 在"文件资源管理器"输入 \\IPv4 或控制台输入 explorer \\IPv4

    如果用 IPv6 Explorer文件资源管理器用 IPv6 访问局域网网络共享网上邻居 , 要将 ipv6 的地址格式进行转换:

    1. 将所有 :(冒号) 替换成 -(横杆,减号,负号)

    2. 在地址末尾加上 .ipv6-literal.net

      .ipv6-literal.net

      例如:

      fc00::102:2441:f
对应转换为👇
\\fc00--102-2441-f.ipv6-literal.net

  7. 第一次登录可能慢,甚至要多登录几次, 尝试重启AlmaLinux 登录成功后发现不能访问/root文件夹和/home下的用户文件夹, 原因是SELinux在作怪, 可以执行sudo setenforce 0,但重启会失效

    sudo setenforce 0  # 设置为Permissive模式 重启失效

    可用getenforce命令查看SELinux当前的执行模式。SELinux有三种执行模式：enforcing（强制模式）、permissive（宽容模式）和disabled（禁用模式）。

    sudo getenforce

    想要永久生效 可修改编辑/etc/selinux/config文件，将SELINUX=enforcing更改为SELINUX=permissive , 或者 SELINUX=disabled, 重启生效 用vi编辑器修改/etc/selinux/config

    sudo vi /etc/selinux/config

    用sed命令修改 二选一

    • 设置 SELINUX=permissive 
      ###  备份
tempUri=/etc/selinux/config ;    sudo cp -a  $tempUri  $tempUri.$(date +%0y%0m%0d%0H%0M%0Sns%0N).bak
###  修改
sudo sed -ie 's(^\s*SELINUX\s*=\s*enforcing$(SELINUX=permissive(g' /etc/selinux/config
    • 设置 SELINUX=disabled 
      ###  备份
tempUri=/etc/selinux/config ;    sudo cp -a  $tempUri  $tempUri.$(date +%0y%0m%0d%0H%0M%0Sns%0N).bak
###  修改
sudo sed -ie 's!^\s*SELINUX\s*=\s*enforcing$!SELINUX=disabled!g' /etc/selinux/config

    查看/etc/selinux/config

    sudo cat /etc/selinux/config

    重启

    sudo systemctl reboot

    SELinux的 getenforce setenforce 配置文件/etc/selinux/config的 SELINUX和SELINUXTYPE

一气呵成

#!/bin/bash

sudo yum install samba -y

sudo sed -ri 's/workgroup\s*=.*$/workgroup=WORKGROUP/g' /etc/samba/smb.conf

echo '


[RootFolder]
	path = /
	comment = 根文件夹
	public = yes
	read only = no
	writable = yes
	available = yes
	browseable = yes
	guest ok = yes
	forceuser = root
	#forcegroup = root
	create mask = 0777
	directory mask = 0777

[RootHomeFolder]
	path = /root
	comment = root用户文件夹
	public = yes
	read only = no
	writable = yes
	available = yes
	browseable = yes
	guest ok = yes
	forceuser = root
	#forcegroup = root
	create mask = 0777
	directory mask = 0777


'  >>  /etc/samba/smb.conf

sudo systemctl enable --now smb nmb


sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=445/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload



sudo setenforce 0  # 设置为Permissive模式 重启失效
###  备份
tempUri=/etc/selinux/config ;    sudo cp -a  $tempUri  $tempUri.$(date +%0y%0m%0d%0H%0M%0Sns%0N).bak
###  修改
sudo sed -ie 's(^\s*SELINUX\s*=\s*enforcing$(SELINUX=permissive(g' /etc/selinux/config


sudo smbpasswd -a root
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