作用
通过调度器可以根据任务的优先级,处理任务的执行顺序,并且确保在合适的时候执行调度器,在任务执行时间过长时,会进行中断,让出线程,并且在后续恢复后继续执行。
主要流程
调度器的主要流程可以看作是两个过程:
- 维护任务队列
- 消费任务队列中的任务
任务队列
scheduler包中定义了两个全局的数组用于处理队列,结构为小根堆类型
var taskQueue = [];
var timerQueue = [];
timerQueue中使用当前时间performance.now和任务延迟timeout作为排序依据,值越小优先级越高,其中不同类型的timeout定义如下:
var maxSigned31BitInt = 1073741823;
var IMMEDIATE_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT = -1;
var USER_BLOCKING_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT = 250;
var NORMAL_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT = 5000;
var LOW_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT = 10000;
var IDLE_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT = maxSigned31BitInt;
taskQueue则以expirationTime作为排序依据
当timerQueue中的任务延迟时间结束之后,会通过advanceTimers函数进入到taskQueue中
function advanceTimers(currentTime) {
// Check for tasks that are no longer delayed and add them to the queue.
let timer = peek(timerQueue);
while (timer !== null) {
if (timer.callback === null) {
// Timer was cancelled.
pop(timerQueue);
} else if (timer.startTime <= currentTime) {
// Timer fired. Transfer to the task queue.
pop(timerQueue);
timer.sortIndex = timer.expirationTime;
push(taskQueue, timer);
if (enableProfiling) {
markTaskStart(timer, currentTime);
timer.isQueued = true;
}
} else {
// Remaining timers are pending.
return;
}
timer = peek(timerQueue);
}
}
taskQueue 就是等待被消费的任务队列
如何将任务加入到任务队列
主要在unstable_scheduleCallback中进行处理
function unstable_scheduleCallback(priorityLevel, callback, options) {
var currentTime = getCurrentTime();
var startTime;
if (typeof options === 'object' && options !== null) {
var delay = options.delay;
if (typeof delay === 'number' && delay > 0) {
startTime = currentTime + delay;
} else {
startTime = currentTime;
}
} else {
startTime = currentTime;
}
var timeout;
switch (priorityLevel) {
case ImmediatePriority:
timeout = IMMEDIATE_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT;
break;
case UserBlockingPriority:
timeout = USER_BLOCKING_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT;
break;
case IdlePriority:
timeout = IDLE_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT;
break;
case LowPriority:
timeout = LOW_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT;
break;
case NormalPriority:
default:
timeout = NORMAL_PRIORITY_TIMEOUT;
break;
}
var expirationTime = startTime + timeout;
var newTask = {
id: taskIdCounter++,
callback,
priorityLevel,
startTime,
expirationTime,
sortIndex: -1,
};
if (enableProfiling) {
newTask.isQueued = false;
}
if (startTime > currentTime) {
// This is a delayed task.
newTask.sortIndex = startTime;
push(timerQueue, newTask);
if (peek(taskQueue) === null && newTask === peek(timerQueue)) {
// All tasks are delayed, and this is the task with the earliest delay.
if (isHostTimeoutScheduled) {
// Cancel an existing timeout.
cancelHostTimeout();
} else {
isHostTimeoutScheduled = true;
}
// Schedule a timeout.
requestHostTimeout(handleTimeout, startTime - currentTime);
}
} else {
newTask.sortIndex = expirationTime;
push(taskQueue, newTask);
if (enableProfiling) {
markTaskStart(newTask, currentTime);
newTask.isQueued = true;
}
// Schedule a host callback, if needed. If we're already performing work,
// wait until the next time we yield.
if (!isHostCallbackScheduled && !isPerformingWork) {
isHostCallbackScheduled = true;
requestHostCallback(flushWork);
}
}
return newTask;
}
函数接受三个参数:priorityLevel(任务的优先级),callback(要调度的回调函数),以及 options(一个可选对象,可以包含延迟执行的时间 delay)。
函数中主要执行了如下过程:
获取当前时间:var currentTime = getCurrentTime(); 获取当前时间戳。
计算开始时间:根据 options 对象中的 delay 属性计算任务的开始时间 startTime。如果没有提供 delay 或者 delay 不是正数,则 startTime 等于当前时间。
确定超时时间:根据任务的 priorityLevel 确定超时时间 timeout。不同的优先级有不同的超时时间,这些超时时间定义了任务应该在何时之前执行。
计算过期时间:expirationTime 是任务的开始时间加上超时时间。
创建任务对象:创建一个新的任务对象 newTask,包含任务的 ID、回调函数、优先级、开始时间、过期时间以及排序索引 sortIndex。如果启用了性能分析,则还会设置 isQueued 属性。
处理延迟任务:如果 startTime 大于当前时间,说明这是一个延迟任务。将其添加到 timerQueue 中,并根据情况设置或取消宿主超时(host timeout)。
处理非延迟任务:如果任务不是延迟的,将其添加到 taskQueue 中,并在必要时标记任务开始。如果宿主回调尚未被调度,且当前没有执行工作,则调度宿主回调以执行任务。
返回任务对象:函数返回新创建的任务对象。
选择合适的时机调度
对于taskQueue中的任务可以看到,在任务创建之后会执行requestHostCallback,而后进入schedulePerformWorkUntilDeadline之中
这里通过不同的运行环境选择了不同的API来处理对应的宏任务
let schedulePerformWorkUntilDeadline;
if (typeof localSetImmediate === 'function') {
schedulePerformWorkUntilDeadline = () => {
localSetImmediate(performWorkUntilDeadline);
};
} else if (typeof MessageChannel !== 'undefined') {
const channel = new MessageChannel();
const port = channel.port2;
channel.port1.onmessage = performWorkUntilDeadline;
schedulePerformWorkUntilDeadline = () => {
port.postMessage(null);
};
} else {
schedulePerformWorkUntilDeadline = () => {
localSetTimeout(performWorkUntilDeadline, 0);
};
}
通常情况下会选择使用MessageChannel来处理宏任务的调度
任务队列的消费
任务加入到任务队列之后可以看到requestHostCallback被执行,并传入回调函数flushWork
function flushWork(hasTimeRemaining, initialTime) {
if (enableProfiling) {
markSchedulerUnsuspended(initialTime);
}
// We'll need a host callback the next time work is scheduled.
isHostCallbackScheduled = false;
if (isHostTimeoutScheduled) {
// We scheduled a timeout but it's no longer needed. Cancel it.
isHostTimeoutScheduled = false;
cancelHostTimeout();
}
isPerformingWork = true;
const previousPriorityLevel = currentPriorityLevel;
try {
if (enableProfiling) {
try {
return workLoop(hasTimeRemaining, initialTime);
} catch (error) {
if (currentTask !== null) {
const currentTime = getCurrentTime();
markTaskErrored(currentTask, currentTime);
currentTask.isQueued = false;
}
throw error;
}
} else {
// No catch in prod code path.
return workLoop(hasTimeRemaining, initialTime);
}
} finally {
currentTask = null;
currentPriorityLevel = previousPriorityLevel;
isPerformingWork = false;
if (enableProfiling) {
const currentTime = getCurrentTime();
markSchedulerSuspended(currentTime);
}
}
}
之后performWorkUntilDeadline会执行
const performWorkUntilDeadline = () => {
if (scheduledHostCallback !== null) {
const currentTime = getCurrentTime();
// Keep track of the start time so we can measure how long the main thread
// has been blocked.
startTime = currentTime;
const hasTimeRemaining = true;
// If a scheduler task throws, exit the current browser task so the
// error can be observed.
//
// Intentionally not using a try-catch, since that makes some debugging
// techniques harder. Instead, if `scheduledHostCallback` errors, then
// `hasMoreWork` will remain true, and we'll continue the work loop.
let hasMoreWork = true;
try {
hasMoreWork = scheduledHostCallback(hasTimeRemaining, currentTime);
} finally {
if (hasMoreWork) {
// If there's more work, schedule the next message event at the end
// of the preceding one.
schedulePerformWorkUntilDeadline();
} else {
isMessageLoopRunning = false;
scheduledHostCallback = null;
}
}
} else {
isMessageLoopRunning = false;
}
// Yielding to the browser will give it a chance to paint, so we can
// reset this.
needsPaint = false;
};
进入workLoop
function workLoop(hasTimeRemaining, initialTime) {
let currentTime = initialTime;
advanceTimers(currentTime);
currentTask = peek(taskQueue);
while (
currentTask !== null &&
!(enableSchedulerDebugging && isSchedulerPaused)
) {
if (
currentTask.expirationTime > currentTime &&
(!hasTimeRemaining || shouldYieldToHost())
) {
// This currentTask hasn't expired, and we've reached the deadline.
break;
}
const callback = currentTask.callback;
if (typeof callback === 'function') {
currentTask.callback = null;
currentPriorityLevel = currentTask.priorityLevel;
const didUserCallbackTimeout = currentTask.expirationTime <= currentTime;
if (enableProfiling) {
markTaskRun(currentTask, currentTime);
}
const continuationCallback = callback(didUserCallbackTimeout);
currentTime = getCurrentTime();
if (typeof continuationCallback === 'function') {
currentTask.callback = continuationCallback;
if (enableProfiling) {
markTaskYield(currentTask, currentTime);
}
} else {
if (enableProfiling) {
markTaskCompleted(currentTask, currentTime);
currentTask.isQueued = false;
}
if (currentTask === peek(taskQueue)) {
pop(taskQueue);
}
}
advanceTimers(currentTime);
} else {
pop(taskQueue);
}
currentTask = peek(taskQueue);
}
// Return whether there's additional work
if (currentTask !== null) {
return true;
} else {
const firstTimer = peek(timerQueue);
if (firstTimer !== null) {
requestHostTimeout(handleTimeout, firstTimer.startTime - currentTime);
}
return false;
}
}
-
初始化当前时间:
let currentTime = initialTime;设置当前时间为初始时间。 -
处理任务队列:
advanceTimers函数被调用将timerQueue中过期的任务放入taskQueue中 -
获取当前任务:
currentTask = peek(taskQueue);从任务队列中获取优先级最高的任务。 -
执行任务循环: 只要当前任务不为空,循环会持续进行。 如果当前任务的过期时间大于当前时间,并且没有剩余时间或者应该让步给主线程,为了解决渲染时间过长卡顿主线程,React中对任务的执行时间进行了限制(
frameInterval),默认设置为5ms,(超时则shouldYieldToHost()返回true),跳出循环。 如果当前任务的回调函数是函数类型,判断任务是否过期,若没有则执行回调函数,并处理回调返回的继续执行函数(continuationCallback)。 如果回调函数执行后返回了一个函数,即在规定时间内任务没有执行完成,将其设置为当前任务的回调函数,以便后续继续执行。 如果回调函数执行后没有返回函数或者返回了null,则从任务队列中移除当前任务。 -
后续处理:再次调用
advanceTimers查看timerQueue中是否有任务需要放入taskQueue。查看是否还有需要执行的任务并返回对应的布尔值。
总结
React调度器优化了任务执行流程,通过优先级排序和延迟策略,确保任务在正确的时间执行,防止长时间运行的任务阻塞UI线程。它通过taskQueue和timerQueue管理任务,使用unstable_scheduleCallback将任务加入队列,并根据优先级和延迟时间调度。任务执行由flushWork和performWorkUntilDeadline控制,允许任务在规定时间内运行,超时则让出线程从而实现调度的效果。