短语 "make up for" 是英语中非常常用的一个表达,意思是 弥补、补偿。它常用于表达对错误、过失或损失的弥补,或者通过某种方式来抵消负面影响。本文将从意义、用法、例句和常见错误等方面详细讲解这个短语,帮助我们更好地理解和使用。
一、"make up for" 的基本意义
-
弥补某种损失或不足
- 当某件事情造成了负面影响,我们希望通过其他行为或方式来弥补。
- 例句:
- She worked hard to make up for the time she lost.
(她努力工作以弥补失去的时间。) - I hope this gift makes up for my mistake.
(我希望这个礼物能弥补我的错误。)
- She worked hard to make up for the time she lost.
-
抵消或补偿不利情况
- 用更好的事情来中和不好的结果。
- 例句:
- The delicious meal made up for the poor service at the restaurant.
(美味的饭菜弥补了餐厅服务的不足。)
- The delicious meal made up for the poor service at the restaurant.
二、"make up for" 的常见用法
-
句型结构
- A makes up for B:A 弥补了 B。
- A 通常是用来补偿的行为或事物,B 是需要弥补的内容。
- 例句:
- Her kindness makes up for her lack of experience.
(她的善良弥补了经验的不足。)
- Her kindness makes up for her lack of experience.
- A makes up for B:A 弥补了 B。
-
与人称代词的搭配
- 可以用人称代词(如 it, this, that)指代具体的补偿行为。
- 例句:
- I know I was late, but I’ll make up for it by finishing the project early.
(我知道我迟到了,但我会提前完成项目来弥补。)
- I know I was late, but I’ll make up for it by finishing the project early.
-
情境中常用的搭配
- make up for lost time
- 弥补失去的时间:
- He studied all night to make up for lost time.
(他学习了一整夜以弥补失去的时间。)
- He studied all night to make up for lost time.
- 弥补失去的时间:
- make up for a mistake
- 弥补错误:
- She apologized and tried to make up for her mistake.
(她道歉并试图弥补自己的错误。)
- She apologized and tried to make up for her mistake.
- 弥补错误:
- make up for lost time
三、"make up for" 的常见近义表达
-
compensate for
- 意思相近,表示补偿。通常在正式场合使用。
- 例句:
- The company will compensate for any inconvenience caused.
(公司会补偿由此造成的任何不便。)
- The company will compensate for any inconvenience caused.
-
atone for
- 表示通过忏悔或行为弥补过错,语气更正式,多用于道德或宗教语境。
- 例句:
- He worked tirelessly to atone for his past mistakes.
(他努力工作以赎回过去的过错。)
- He worked tirelessly to atone for his past mistakes.
-
offset
- 表示通过某种方式抵消负面影响,通常用于较为具体或经济的情境。
- 例句:
- The benefits of the new policy offset its disadvantages.
(新政策的好处抵消了它的不利之处。)
- The benefits of the new policy offset its disadvantages.
四、"make up for" 的常见错误
-
忘记介词 "for"
- 错误:She tried to make up her mistake.
- 正确:She tried to make up for her mistake.
("make up" 本身有其他含义,比如 "编造" 或 "和解"。)
-
误用被动语态
- "make up for" 通常是主动语态。
- 错误:The mistake was made up for by the manager.
- 正确:The manager made up for the mistake.
(更自然的表达方式是主动语态。)
五、更多例句练习
-
感情弥补
- I missed her birthday, but I’ll make up for it with a nice dinner.
(我错过了她的生日,但我会用一顿丰盛的晚餐弥补。)
- I missed her birthday, but I’ll make up for it with a nice dinner.
-
工作上的弥补
- He stayed late to make up for the hours he missed in the morning.
(他工作到很晚以弥补早上缺席的时间。)
- He stayed late to make up for the hours he missed in the morning.
-
服务上的弥补
- The hotel gave us a free night to make up for their mistake.
(酒店为弥补他们的错误,给了我们一个免费的夜晚。)
- The hotel gave us a free night to make up for their mistake.
六、总结与学习建议
- "make up for" 的核心含义是 弥补或补偿,可以用于日常生活、工作或感情等多种场景。
- 常见错误:注意不要漏掉 for,并尽量使用主动语态。
- 练习建议:尝试用 "make up for" 写几个与自己日常生活相关的句子,例如弥补工作上的错误或为某人做出补偿。