Debian12在安装系统后配置无线网卡驱动

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说明

最近准备给电脑配置一个无线网卡，于是在网上购买了一个INTEL的7260AC PCIE接口无线网卡，不过安装上去之后原来的有线网络竟然连不上了，排查后发现是在安装后PCIE的无线网卡后，原来的有线网卡名称系统给改成其他的了（比如说原来的网卡名称为enp2s0，但是安装无线网卡后系统把原来的这个网卡的名称改为了enp3s0，网卡配置文件就不生效了），导致原来的有线网卡也不好用。在配置好有线网卡可以正常联网后，后面就是开始一系列配置无线网卡的过程了。

使用的系统版本

# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Debian
Description:	Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
Release:	12
Codename:	bookworm

使用ip命令查看网卡，发现没有我们新安装的无线网卡

# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 90:2b:34:eb:99:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.38/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic enp3s0
       valid_lft 604162sec preferred_lft 604162sec
    inet6 2408:8215:2a1a:9ae1:922b:34ff:feeb:9991/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr 
       valid_lft 6921sec preferred_lft 3321sec
    inet6 fe80::922b:34ff:feeb:9991/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:67:8f:0e:7f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

查看所有的PCI设备

# lspci  
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v2/3rd Gen Core processor DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v2/3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b5)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev b5)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev b5)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation H61 Express Chipset LPC Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family Desktop SATA Controller (IDE mode, ports 0-3) (rev 05)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family Desktop SATA Controller (IDE mode, ports 4-5) (rev 05)
02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 7260 (rev cb)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 06)

image.png

配置无线网卡方法一

下载无线网卡驱动

wget https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/snapshot/linux-firmware-20241017.tar.gz

解压

tar -xf linux-firmware-20241017.tar.gz

将无线网卡驱动复制到/lib/firmware/目录

在 Linux 中，Firmware 目录是存储设备固件的目录。这些固件通常是由设备制造商提供的，包括硬件设备、BIOS、UEFI 等。Firmware 目录位于 /lib/firmware/ 目录下，是 Linux 系统的一部分。

cp iwlwifi-*.{ucode,pnvm} /lib/firmware/

重启系统

reboot

再次查看网卡设备

可以看到这次多了wlp2s0设备

# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 90:2b:34:eb:99:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.38/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic enp3s0
       valid_lft 604334sec preferred_lft 604334sec
    inet6 2408:8215:2a1a:9ae1:922b:34ff:feeb:9991/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr 
       valid_lft 7059sec preferred_lft 3459sec
    inet6 fe80::922b:34ff:feeb:9991/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlp2s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 6c:29:95:ed:82:b2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:d7:85:46:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

配置无线网卡可以自动获取IP

首先我们安装下我们需要用的工具包

apt-get install wpasupplicant wireless-tools

编辑/etc/network/interfaces文件，修改如下内容

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug enp3s0
iface enp3s0 inet dhcp

auto wlp2s0
iface wlp2s0 inet dhcp 
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

image.png

查看无线网的SSID

iwlist wlp2s0 scan

image.png

设置SSID和密码

生成无线网络配置文件

wpa_passphrase HUAWEI-1CS1HB 123456 > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

文件内容如下

network={
	ssid="HUAWEI-1CS1HB"
	#psk="123456"
	psk=8da1f5a3a07b51b1c830be7aed7f0f1b5438e63a0524c09a253984aefecdfa3e
}

重启网卡

systemctl restart networking.service

再次查看IP

可以看到我们的无线网络配置好了

image.png

配置无线网卡方法二（直接安装包就可以）

安装无线网卡软件包

sudo apt install firmware-iwlwifi

重启

reboot

配置ip参照方法一中的配置方式

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