JDBC中使用COPY命令导出导入数据
操作场景**
使用Java语言开发应用程序时，通过调用JDBC驱动的CopyManager接口，从文件或其他数据库向GaussDB写入数据。
示例1：通过本地文件导出导入数据**
调用JDBC驱动的CopyManager接口，通过流方式，将数据库中的数据导出到本地文件或者将本地文件导入数据库中，文件格式支持CSV、TEXT等格式。
样例程序如下，执行时需要加载GaussDB的JDBC驱动。
| ``` import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.sql.SQLException; import org.postgresql.copy.CopyManager; import org.postgresql.core.BaseConnection; public class Copy{ public static void main(String[] args) { String urls = new String("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:8000/postgres"); //数据库URL String username = System.getenv("EXAMPLE_USERNAME_ENV"); //用户名 String password = System.getenv("EXAMPLE_PASSWORD_ENV"); //密码 String tablename = new String("migration_table"); //定义表信息 String tablename1 = new String("migration_table_1"); //定义表信息 String driver = "org.postgresql.Driver"; Connection conn = null; try { Class.forName(driver); conn = DriverManager.getConnection(urls, username, password); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(System.out); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(System.out); } // 将表migration_table中数据导出到本地文件d:/data.txt try { copyToFile(conn, "d:/data.txt", "(SELECT * FROM migration_table)"); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } //将d:/data.txt中的数据导入到migration_table_1中。 try { copyFromFile(conn, "d:/data.txt", tablename1); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } // 将表migration_table_1中的数据导出到本地文件d:/data1.txt try { copyToFile(conn, "d:/data1.txt", tablename1); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void copyFromFile(Connection connection, String filePath, String tableName) throws SQLException, IOException { FileInputStream fileInputStream = null; try { CopyManager copyManager = new CopyManager((BaseConnection)connection); fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath); copyManager.copyIn("COPY " + tableName + " FROM STDIN ", fileInputStream); } finally { if (fileInputStream != null) { try { fileInputStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } public static void copyToFile(Connection connection, String filePath, String tableOrQuery) throws SQLException, IOException { FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null; try { CopyManager copyManager = new CopyManager((BaseConnection)connection); fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(filePath); copyManager.copyOut("COPY " + tableOrQuery + " TO STDOUT", fileOutputStream); } finally { if (fileOutputStream != null) { try { fileOutputStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
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#### 示例2：从B迁移数据**
下面示例演示如何通过CopyManager从B向GaussDB进行数据迁移的过程。
| ```
import java.io.StringReader; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; import org.postgresql.copy.CopyManager; import org.postgresql.core.BaseConnection; public class Migration{ public static void main(String[] args) { String url = new String("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:8000/postgres"); //数据库URL String user = new String("username"); //GaussDB数据库用户名 String pass = new String("passwd"); //GaussDB数据库密码 String tablename = new String("migration_table_1"); //定义表信息 String delimiter = new String("|"); //定义分隔符 String encoding = new String("UTF8"); //定义字符集 String driver = "org.postgresql.Driver"; StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); //定义存放格式化数据的缓存 try { //获取源数据库查询结果集 ResultSet rs = getDataSet(); //遍历结果集，逐行获取记录 //将每条记录中各字段值，按指定分隔符分割，由换行符结束，拼成一个字符串 //把拼成的字符串，添加到缓存buffer while (rs.next()) { buffer.append(rs.getString(1) + delimiter + rs.getString(2) + delimiter + rs.getString(3) + delimiter + rs.getString(4) + "\n"); } rs.close(); try { //建立目标数据库连接 Class.forName(driver); Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, pass); BaseConnection baseConn = (BaseConnection) conn; baseConn.setAutoCommit(false); //初始化表信息 String sql = "Copy " + tablename + " from STDIN with (DELIMITER " + "'" + delimiter + "'" +","+ " ENCODING " + "'" + encoding + "')"; //提交缓存buffer中的数据 CopyManager cp = new CopyManager(baseConn); StringReader reader = new StringReader(buffer.toString()); cp.copyIn(sql, reader); baseConn.commit(); reader.close(); baseConn.close(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(System.out); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(System.out); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //******************************** // 从源数据库返回查询结果集 //********************************* private static ResultSet getDataSet() { ResultSet rs = null; try { Class.forName("com.B.jdbc.Driver").newInstance(); Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:MY://10.119.179.227:3306/jack?useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true", "jack", "xxxxxxxxx"); Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from migration_table"); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return rs; } }
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#### 相关链接**
有关CopyManager的更多信息，请参见：
- [CopyManager（分布式）](https://support.huaweicloud.com/distributed-devg-v8-gaussdb/gaussdb-12-0083.html)
- [CopyManager（主备版）](https://support.huaweicloud.com/centralized-devg-v8-gaussdb/gaussdb-42-0085.html)
父主题： [数据库迁移](https://support.huaweicloud.com/usermanual-gaussdb/gaussdb_01_512.html)
