回溯
回溯要靠多做,多悟,画图也没用。下面就一步步来构建回溯(dfs)的框架
首先做好准备工作:
用数组代替哈希表提高效率,准备好各种数组,健壮性判断。。。
class Solution {
String[] phoneMap = { "", "", "abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl", "mno", "pqrs", "tuv", "wxyz" };
List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();
StringBuffer combination = new StringBuffer();
public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
if (digits == null || digits.length() == 0) {
return res;
}
//.......
}
//......
}
接着开始构建dfs
先写好递归出口,我们使用index来表示遍历到哪个号码了。当遍历完最后一个号码,就返回
public void dfs(String digits, int index) {
if (index == digits.length()) {
res.add(combination.toString());
} else {
//.....
}
}
接着处理数据:
首先我们要知道遍历到哪个号码:
char digit = digits.charAt(index);
从map中取出这个号码对应的字符串,并转换为字符数组,方便遍历:
char[] letters = phoneMap[digit - '0'].toCharArray();
接着遍历每个字符,以23为例子,先是abc中的a被选上:
for (int i = 0; i < letters.length; i++) {
combination.append(letters[i]);
//.....
}
选上一个a就够了,换下一个号码的字符,比如def中的d,此时就是ad:
//....
char digit = digits.charAt(index); // digit == '3'
char[] letters = phoneMap[digit - '0'].toCharArray(); // letters: def
for (int i = 0; i < letters.length; i++) {
combination.append(letters[i]); // ad
dfs(digits, index + 1);
//....
ad被加入到res,回溯到def,把d删掉,for循环准备换下一个字母,也就是e
combination.deleteCharAt(index);
完整代码
class Solution {
String[] phoneMap = { "", "", "abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl", "mno", "pqrs", "tuv", "wxyz" };
List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();
StringBuffer combination = new StringBuffer();
public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
if (digits == null || digits.length() == 0) {
return res;
}
dfs(digits, 0);
return res;
}
public void dfs(String digits, int index) {
if (index == digits.length()) {
res.add(combination.toString());
} else {
char digit = digits.charAt(index);
char[] letters = phoneMap[digit - '0'].toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < letters.length; i++) {
combination.append(letters[i]);
dfs(digits, index + 1);
combination.deleteCharAt(index);
}
}
}
}