单臂路由技术

不做菜鸟的网工
296 阅读3分钟

前言

此次涉及到单臂路由技术的基本概念、基本配置、与简单的网络拓扑 以及单臂路由解决的实际问题

基本概念

单臂路由是指路由器的一个接口上通过配置子接口或逻辑接口的方式。实现原来相互隔离的不同VLAN之间的互联互通。单臂路由是实现VLAN通信的一种方法。在园区网络中更多的是使用三层交换机来实现VLAN间通信，单臂路由节省了路由器物理接口数量，适合应用在小规模或分支结构。

知识图解

  1. 传统路由器实现VLAN通信

image.png

  1. 单臂路由实现VLAN通信

image.png

基本配置

  1. 单臂路由器开启子接口
[Router]interface GigabitEthernet 0/1.1  // 开启g0/1.1子接口
  1. 绑定对应VLAN
[Router-GigabitEthernet0/1.1]vlan-type dot1q vid 10 // 终结VLAN标签 非子接口也可以使用

配置思路

  1. 二层交换机上行接口配置Trunk并允许Vlan通过
  2. 单臂路由器配置子接口并且绑定到Vlan,且配置IP地址
  3. 二层交换机下行接口配置对应的Vlan
  4. 终端配置IP地址与网关(单臂路由对应VLAN子接口地址)

网络拓扑

image.png

RTA配置

// 配置1.1子接口
[RTA]int g0/1.1
[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/1.1]IP address 192.168.1.1 24
[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/1.1]vlan-type dot1q vid 10
[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/1.1]qu

// 配置1.2子接口
[RTA]int g0/1.2
[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/1.2]ip add
[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/1.2]ip address 192.168.2.1 24
[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/1.2]vlan-type dot1q vid 20
[RTA-GigabitEthernet0/1.2]qu

SWA配置

// 配置下行接口
[SWA]vlan 10
[SWA-vlan10]port g1/0/11
[SWA-vlan10]qu

[SWA]vlan 20
[SWA-vlan20]port g1/0/12
[SWA-vlan20]
[SWA-vlan20]qu

// 配置上行接口
[SWA]int g1/0/1
[SWA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port link-type trunk
[SWA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]port trunk permit vlan all
[SWA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]undo port trunk permit vlan 1
[SWA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]qu

PCA PCB配置相应IP地址与网关

故障排查

  1. 查看RTA路由表
[RTA]dis ip routing-table

Destinations : 13       Routes : 13

Destination/Mask   Proto   Pre Cost        NextHop         Interface
0.0.0.0/32         Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
127.0.0.0/8        Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32       Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
192.168.1.0/24     Direct  0   0           192.168.1.1     GE0/1.1
192.168.1.1/32     Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
192.168.1.255/32   Direct  0   0           192.168.1.1     GE0/1.1
192.168.2.0/24     Direct  0   0           192.168.2.1     GE0/1.2
192.168.2.1/32     Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
192.168.2.255/32   Direct  0   0           192.168.2.1     GE0/1.2
224.0.0.0/4        Direct  0   0           0.0.0.0         NULL0
224.0.0.0/24       Direct  0   0           0.0.0.0         NULL0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct  0   0           127.0.0.1       InLoop0
[RTA]
  1. 查看RTA接口情况
[RTA]dis interface brief
Brief information on interfaces in route mode:
Link: ADM - administratively down; Stby - standby
Protocol: (s) - spoofing
Interface            Link Protocol Primary IP      Description
GE0/0                DOWN DOWN     --
GE0/1                UP   UP       --
GE0/1.1              UP   UP       192.168.1.1
GE0/1.2              UP   UP       192.168.2.1
GE0/2                DOWN DOWN     --
GE5/0                DOWN DOWN     --
GE5/1                DOWN DOWN     --
GE6/0                DOWN DOWN     --
GE6/1                DOWN DOWN     --
InLoop0              UP   UP(s)    --
NULL0                UP   UP(s)    --
REG0                 UP   --       --
Ser1/0               DOWN DOWN     --
Ser2/0               DOWN DOWN     --
Ser3/0               DOWN DOWN     --
Ser4/0               DOWN DOWN     --

[RTA]

连通性测试

PCA ping PCB

<H3C>ping 192.168.2.2
Ping 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=0.974 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=1.211 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=1.481 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=0.707 ms
56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=1.248 ms

--- Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2 ---
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.707/1.124/1.481/0.263 ms
<H3C>%Feb 21 10:25:48:759 2024 H3C PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.707/1.124/1.481/0.263 ms.
avatar
文章
阅读
粉丝