package util
import "testing"
// 普通的测试
func TestGenShortID(t *testing.T) {
shortID, err := GenShortID()
if shortID == "" || err != nil {
t.Error("GenShortID failed")
}
}
然后, 在根目录下运行 go test -v ./util/, 测试结果如下:
root@592402321ce7:/workspace# go test -v ./util/
=== RUN TestGenShortID
--- PASS: TestGenShortID (0.00s)
PASS
ok tzh.com/web/util 0.006s
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性能测试
性能测试的结果形如:
func BenchmarkHello(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
fmt.Sprintf("hello")
}
}
在 util_test.go 添加性能测试:
// 性能测试
func BenchmarkGenShortID(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
GenShortID()
}
}
运行结果如下(使用 --run=none 避免运行普通的测试函数, 因为一般不可能有函数名匹配 none):
root@592402321ce7:/workspace# go test -v -bench="BenchmarkGenShortID$" --run=none ./util/
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: tzh.com/web/util
BenchmarkGenShortID-2 507237 2352 ns/op
PASS
ok tzh.com/web/util 1.229s
这说明, 平均每次运行 GenShortID() 需要 2352 纳秒.
性能分析
运行测试的时候, 可以指定一些参数, 生成性能文件 profile.
-blockprofile block.out
Write a goroutine blocking profile to the specified file
when all tests are complete.
Writes test binary as -c would.
-blockprofilerate n
Control the detail provided in goroutine blocking profiles by
calling runtime.SetBlockProfileRate with n.
See 'go doc runtime.SetBlockProfileRate'.
The profiler aims to sample, on average, one blocking event every
n nanoseconds the program spends blocked. By default,
if -test.blockprofile is set without this flag, all blocking events
are recorded, equivalent to -test.blockprofilerate=1.
-coverprofile cover.out
Write a coverage profile to the file after all tests have passed.
Sets -cover.
-cpuprofile cpu.out
Write a CPU profile to the specified file before exiting.
Writes test binary as -c would.
-memprofile mem.out
Write an allocation profile to the file after all tests have passed.
Writes test binary as -c would.
-memprofilerate n
Enable more precise (and expensive) memory allocation profiles by
setting runtime.MemProfileRate. See 'go doc runtime.MemProfileRate'.
To profile all memory allocations, use -test.memprofilerate=1.
-mutexprofile mutex.out
Write a mutex contention profile to the specified file
when all tests are complete.
Writes test binary as -c would.
-mutexprofilefraction n
Sample 1 in n stack traces of goroutines holding a
contended mutex.
使用下面的命令, 生成 CPU 的 profile:
go test -v -bench="BenchmarkGenShortID$" --run=none -cpuprofile cpu.out ./util/
当前目录下, 应该会生成 cpu.out 文件和 util.test 文件.
使用下面的命令, 观察耗时操作:
# 进入交互模式
go tool pprof cpu.out
top
安装 Graphviz 后可以生成可视化的分析图.
apt install graphviz
go tool pprof -http=":" cpu.out
测试覆盖率
root@592402321ce7:/workspace# go test -v -coverprofile=cover.out ./util/
=== RUN TestGenShortID
--- PASS: TestGenShortID (0.00s)
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