鸿蒙HarmonyOS实战-ArkTS语言(状态管理)_鸿蒙类给class类属性赋值

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Column() { Child({value: this.arr[0]}) Child({value: this.arr[1]}) Child({value: this.arr[2]}) Divider().height(5) ForEach(this.arr, item => { Child({value: item}) }, item => item.toString() ) Text('replace entire arr') .fontSize(50) .onClick(()=>{ // 两个数组都包含项“3”。 this.arr = this.arr[0] == 1 ? [3,4,5] : [1,2,3]; }) } } } }

3、从父组件中的@State类对象属性到@Prop简单类型的同步

class Book { public title: string; public pages: number; public readIt: boolean = false;

constructor(title: string, pages: number) { this.title = title; this.pages = pages; } }

@Component struct ReaderComp { @Prop title: string; @Prop readIt: boolean;

build() { Row() { Text(this.title) Text(... ${this.readIt ? 'I have read' : 'I have not read it'}) .onClick(() => this.readIt = true) } } } @Entry @Component struct Library { @State book: Book = new Book('100 secrets of C++', 765); build() { Column() { ReaderComp({ title: this.book.title, readIt: this.book.readIt }) ReaderComp({ title: this.book.title, readIt: this.book.readIt }) } } }

4、@Prop本地初始化不和父组件同步

@Component struct MyComponent { @Prop customCounter: number; @Prop customCounter2: number = 5;

build() { Column() { Row() { Text(From Main: ${this.customCounter}).width(90).height(40).fontColor('#FF0010') }

Row() { Button('Click to change locally !').width(180).height(60).margin({ top: 10 }) .onClick(() => { this.customCounter2++ }) }.height(100).width(180) Row() { Text(Custom Local: ${this.customCounter2}).width(90).height(40).fontColor('#FF0010') } } } } @Entry @Component struct MainProgram { @State mainCounter: number = 10; build() { Column() { Row() { Column() { Button('Click to change number').width(480).height(60).margin({ top: 10, bottom: 10 }) .onClick(() => { this.mainCounter++ }) } } Row() { Column() // customCounter必须从父组件初始化,因为MyComponent的customCounter成员变量缺少本地初始化;此处,customCounter2可以不做初始化。 MyComponent({ customCounter: this.mainCounter }) // customCounter2也可以从父组件初始化,父组件初始化的值会覆盖子组件customCounter2的本地初始化的值 MyComponent({ customCounter: this.mainCounter, customCounter2: this.mainCounter }) } } } }

🌈1.2.1.3 @Link 父子双向同步

父组件中@State, @StorageLink和@Link 和子组件@Link可以建立双向数据同步。

@Link 变量装饰器只支持string、number、boolean、enum类型,以及这些类型的数组。不支持复杂类型(比如any类型)

父子组件初始化和传递装饰图如下:
在这里插入图片描述

🍬1.2.1.3.1 变化规则
  • 当装饰的数据类型为boolean、string、number类型时,可以同步观察到数值的变化。
  • 当装饰的数据类型为class或者Object时,可以观察到赋值和属性赋值的变化,即Object.keys(observedObject)返回的所有属性。
  • 当装饰的对象是array时,可以观察到数组添加、删除、更新数组单元的变化。
🍬1.2.1.3.2 使用场景

1、简单类型和类对象类型的@Link

class GreenButtonState { width: number = 0; constructor(width: number) { this.width = width; } } @Component struct GreenButton { @Link greenButtonState: GreenButtonState; build() { Button('Green Button') .width(this.greenButtonState.width) .height(150.0) .backgroundColor('#00ff00') .onClick(() => { if (this.greenButtonState.width < 700) { // 更新class的属性,变化可以被观察到同步回父组件 this.greenButtonState.width += 125; } else { // 更新class,变化可以被观察到同步回父组件 this.greenButtonState = new GreenButtonState(100); } }) } } @Component struct YellowButton { @Link yellowButtonState: number; build() { Button('Yellow Button') .width(this.yellowButtonState) .height(150.0) .backgroundColor('#ffff00') .onClick(() => { // 子组件的简单类型可以同步回父组件 this.yellowButtonState += 50.0; }) } } @Entry @Component struct ShufflingContainer { @State greenButtonState: GreenButtonState = new GreenButtonState(300); @State yellowButtonProp: number = 100; build() { Column() { // 简单类型从父组件@State向子组件@Link数据同步 Button('Parent View: Set yellowButton') .onClick(() => { this.yellowButtonProp = (this.yellowButtonProp < 700) ? this.yellowButtonProp + 100 : 100; }) // class类型从父组件@State向子组件@Link数据同步 Button('Parent View: Set GreenButton') .onClick(() => { this.greenButtonState.width = (this.greenButtonState.width < 700) ? this.greenButtonState.width + 100 : 100; }) // class类型初始化@Link GreenButton({ greenButtonState: greenButtonState }) // 简单类型初始化@Link YellowButton({ yellowButtonState: yellowButtonProp }) } } }

2、数组类型的@Link

@Component struct Child { @Link items: number[];

build() { Column() { Button(Button1: push).onClick(() => { this.items.push(this.items.length + 1); }) Button(Button2: replace whole item).onClick(() => { this.items = [100, 200, 300]; }) } } } @Entry @Component struct Parent { @State arr: number[] = [1, 2, 3]; build() { Column() { Child({ items: arr }) ForEach(this.arr, item => { Text(`{item}`) }, item => item.toString() ) } } }

🌈1.2.1.4 @Provide/@Consume 与后代组件双向同步
特点描述
双向数据同步@Provide和@Consume应用于与后代组件的双向数据同步
状态数据传递@Provide和@Consume应用于状态数据在多个层级之间传递的场景
解除参数传递@Provide和@Consume摆脱参数传递机制的束缚,实现跨层级传递
绑定关系@Provide和@Consume通过相同的变量名或者相同的变量别名绑定时,@Provide修饰的变量和@Consume修饰的变量是一对多的关系
限制条件不允许在同一个自定义组件内,包括其子组件中声明多个同名或者同别名的@Provide装饰的变量

@Prop变量装饰器只支持string、number、boolean、enum类型,以及这些类型的数组。不支持复杂类型(比如any类型)

父子组件初始化和传递装饰图如下:

在这里插入图片描述

🍬1.2.1.4.1 变化规则
  • 当装饰的数据类型为boolean、string、number类型时,可以观察到数值的变化。
  • 当装饰的数据类型为class或者Object的时候,可以观察到赋值和属性赋值的变化(属性为Object.keys(observedObject)返回的所有属性)。
  • 当装饰的对象是array的时候,可以观察到数组的添加、删除、更新数组单元。
🍬1.2.1.4.2 使用场景

@Component struct CompD { // @Consume装饰的变量通过相同的属性名绑定其祖先组件CompA内的@Provide装饰的变量 @Consume reviewVotes: number;

build() { Column() { Text(reviewVotes(${this.reviewVotes})) Button(reviewVotes(${this.reviewVotes}), give +1) .onClick(() => this.reviewVotes += 1) } .width('50%') } } @Component struct CompC { build() { Row({ space: 5 }) { CompD() CompD() } } } @Component struct CompB { build() { CompC() } } @Entry @Component struct CompA { // @Provide装饰的变量reviewVotes由入口组件CompA提供其后代组件 @Provide reviewVotes: number = 0; build() { Column() { Button(reviewVotes(${this.reviewVotes}), give +1) .onClick(() => this.reviewVotes += 1) CompB() } } }

🌈1.2.1.5 @Observed/@ObjectLink 嵌套类对象属性变化
特点描述
双向数据同步@ObjectLink和@Observed类装饰器用于在涉及嵌套对象或数组的场景中进行双向数据同步
观察属性变化被@Observed装饰的类,可以被观察到属性的变化
双向数据绑定子组件中@ObjectLink装饰器装饰的状态变量用于接收@Observed装饰的类的实例,和父组件中对应的状态变量建立双向数据绑定
实例类型这个实例可以是数组中的被@Observed装饰的项,或者是class object中的属性,这个属性同样也需要被@Observed装饰
搭配使用单独使用@Observed是没有任何作用的,需要搭配@ObjectLink或者@Prop使用
限制条件使用@Observed装饰class会改变class原始的原型链,@ObjectLink装饰器不能在@Entry装饰的自定义组件中使用

类型必须是@Observed装饰的class,可用于初始化常规变量、@State、@Link、@Prop、@Provide

嵌套类对象装饰图如下:
在这里插入图片描述

🍬1.2.1.5.1 变化规则

class ClassA { public c: number;

constructor(c: number) { this.c = c; } }

@Observed class ClassB { public a: ClassA; public b: number;

constructor(a: ClassA, b: number) { this.a = a; this.b = b; } }

@ObjectLink b: ClassB

// 赋值变化可以被观察到 this.b.a = new ClassA(5) this.b.b = 5

// ClassA没有被@Observed装饰,其属性的变化观察不到 this.b.a.c = 5

🍬1.2.1.5.2 使用场景

1、嵌套对象

// objectLinkNestedObjects.ets let NextID: number = 1;

@Observed class ClassA { public id: number; public c: number;

constructor(c: number) { this.id = NextID++; this.c = c; } }

@Observed class ClassB { public a: ClassA;

constructor(a: ClassA) { this.a = a; } }

@Component struct ViewA { label: string = 'ViewA1'; @ObjectLink a: ClassA;

build() { Row() { Button(ViewA [${this.label}] this.a.c=${this.a.c} +1) .onClick(() => { this.a.c += 1; }) } } } @Entry @Component struct ViewB { @State b: ClassB = new ClassB(new ClassA(0)); build() { Column() { ViewA({ label: 'ViewA #1', a: this.b.a }) ViewA({ label: 'ViewA #2', a: this.b.a }) Button(ViewB: this.b.a.c+= 1) .onClick(() => { this.b.a.c += 1; }) Button(ViewB: this.b.a = new ClassA(0)) .onClick(() => { this.b.a = new ClassA(0); }) Button(ViewB: this.b = new ClassB(ClassA(0))) .onClick(() => { this.b = new ClassB(new ClassA(0)); }) } } }

2、对象数组

@Component struct ViewA { // 子组件ViewA的@ObjectLink的类型是ClassA @ObjectLink a: ClassA; label: string = 'ViewA1';

build() { Row() { Button(ViewA [${this.label}] this.a.c = ${this.a.c} +1) .onClick(() => { this.a.c += 1; }) } } } @Entry @Component struct ViewB { // ViewB中有@State装饰的ClassA[] @State arrA: ClassA[] = [new ClassA(0), new ClassA(0)]; build() { Column() { ForEach(this.arrA, (item) => { ViewA({ label: #${item.id}, a: item }) }, (item) => item.id.toString() ) // 使用@State装饰的数组的数组项初始化@ObjectLink,其中数组项是被@Observed装饰的ClassA的实例 ViewA({ label: ViewA this.arrA[first], a: this.arrA[0] }) ViewA({ label: ViewA this.arrA[last], a: this.arrA[this.arrA.length-1] }) Button(ViewB: reset array) .onClick(() => { this.arrA = [new ClassA(0), new ClassA(0)]; }) Button(ViewB: push) .onClick(() => { this.arrA.push(new ClassA(0)) }) Button(ViewB: shift) .onClick(() => { this.arrA.shift() }) Button(ViewB: chg item property in middle) .onClick(() => { this.arrA[Math.floor(this.arrA.length / 2)].c = 10; }) Button(ViewB: chg item property in middle) .onClick(() => { this.arrA[Math.floor(this.arrA.length / 2)] = new ClassA(11); }) } } }

3、二维数组

@Observed class StringArray extends Array { }

@Observed class StringArray extends Array { }

@Component struct ItemPage { @ObjectLink itemArr: StringArray;

build() { Row() { Text('ItemPage') .width(100).height(100)

ForEach(this.itemArr, item => { Text(item) .width(100).height(100) }, item => item ) } } }

@Entry @Component struct IndexPage { @State arr: Array = [new StringArray(), new StringArray(), new StringArray()];

build() { Column() { ItemPage({ itemArr: this.arr[0] }) ItemPage({ itemArr: this.arr[1] }) ItemPage({ itemArr: this.arr[2] })

Divider()

ForEach(this.arr, itemArr => { ItemPage({ itemArr: itemArr }) }, itemArr => itemArr[0] )

Divider()

Button('update') .onClick(() => { console.error('Update all items in arr'); if (this.arr[0][0] !== undefined) { // 正常情况下需要有一个真实的ID来与ForEach一起使用,但此处没有 // 因此需要确保推送的字符串是唯一的。 this.arr[0].push(${this.arr[0].slice(-1).pop()}${this.arr[0].slice(-1).pop()}); this.arr[1].push(${this.arr[1].slice(-1).pop()}${this.arr[1].slice(-1).pop()}); this.arr[2].push(${this.arr[2].slice(-1).pop()}${this.arr[2].slice(-1).pop()}); } else { this.arr[0].push('Hello'); this.arr[1].push('World'); this.arr[2].push('!'); } }) } } }

1.2.2 管理应用拥有的状态
存储方式描述
LocalStorage页面级UI状态存储,通常用于UIAbility内、页面间的状态共享
AppStorage特殊的单例LocalStorage对象,由UI框架在应用程序启动时创建,为应用程序UI状态属性提供中央存储
PersistentStorage持久化存储UI状态,通常和AppStorage配合使用,选择AppStorage存储的数据写入磁盘,以确保这些属性在应用程序重新启动时的值与应用程序关闭时的值相同
Environment应用程序运行的设备的环境参数,环境参数会同步到AppStorage中,可以和AppStorage搭配使用
🌈1.2.2.1 LocalStorage:页面级UI状态存储
🍬1.2.2.1.1 变化规则
装饰器描述
@LocalStorageProp@LocalStorageProp装饰的变量和与LocalStorage中给定属性建立单向同步关系
@LocalStorageLink@LocalStorageLink装饰的变量和在@Component中创建与LocalStorage中给定属性建立双向同步关系
限制条件LocalStorage创建后,命名属性的类型不可更改。后续调用Set时必须使用相同类型的值 LocalStorage是页面级存储,GetShared接口仅能获取当前Stage通过windowStage.loadContent传入的LocalStorage实例,否则返回undefined
  • 当@LocalStorageLink(key)装饰的数值改变被观察到时,修改将被同步回LocalStorage对应属性键值key的属性中。
  • LocalStorage中属性键值key对应的数据一旦改变,属性键值key绑定的所有的数据(包括双向@LocalStorageLink和单向@LocalStorageProp)都将同步修改;
  • 当@LocalStorageLink(key)装饰的数据本身是状态变量,它的改变不仅仅会同步回LocalStorage中,还会引起所属的自定义组件的重新渲染。
🍬1.2.2.1.2 使用场景

1、应用逻辑使用LocalStorage

let storage = new LocalStorage({ 'PropA': 47 }); // 创建新实例并使用给定对象初始化 let propA = storage.get('PropA') // propA == 47 let link1 = storage.link('PropA'); // link1.get() == 47 let link2 = storage.link('PropA'); // link2.get() == 47 let prop = storage.prop('PropA'); // prop.get() = 47 link1.set(48); // two-way sync: link1.get() == link2.get() == prop.get() == 48 prop.set(1); // one-way sync: prop.get()=1; but link1.get() == link2.get() == 48 link1.set(49); // two-way sync: link1.get() == link2.get() == prop.get() == 49

2、从UI内部使用LocalStorage

// 创建新实例并使用给定对象初始化 let storage = new LocalStorage({ 'PropA': 47 });

@Component struct Child { // @LocalStorageLink变量装饰器与LocalStorage中的'PropA'属性建立双向绑定 @LocalStorageLink('PropA') storLink2: number = 1;

build() { Button(Child from LocalStorage ${this.storLink2}) // 更改将同步至LocalStorage中的'PropA'以及Parent.storLink1 .onClick(() => this.storLink2 += 1) } } // 使LocalStorage可从@Component组件访问 @Entry(storage) @Component struct CompA { // @LocalStorageLink变量装饰器与LocalStorage中的'PropA'属性建立双向绑定 @LocalStorageLink('PropA') storLink1: number = 1; build() { Column({ space: 15 }) { Button(Parent from LocalStorage ${this.storLink1}) // initial value from LocalStorage will be 47, because 'PropA' initialized already .onClick(() => this.storLink1 += 1) // @Component子组件自动获得对CompA LocalStorage实例的访问权限。 Child() } } }

3、@LocalStorageProp和LocalStorage单向同步的简单场景

// 创建新实例并使用给定对象初始化 let storage = new LocalStorage({ 'PropA': 47 }); // 使LocalStorage可从@Component组件访问 @Entry(storage) @Component struct CompA { // @LocalStorageProp变量装饰器与LocalStorage中的'PropA'属性建立单向绑定 @LocalStorageProp('PropA') storProp1: number = 1;

build() { Column({ space: 15 }) { // 点击后从47开始加1,只改变当前组件显示的storProp1,不会同步到LocalStorage中 Button(Parent from LocalStorage ${this.storProp1}) .onClick(() => this.storProp1 += 1) Child() } } } @Component struct Child { // @LocalStorageProp变量装饰器与LocalStorage中的'PropA'属性建立单向绑定 @LocalStorageProp('PropA') storProp2: number = 2; build() { Column({ space: 15 }) { // 当CompA改变时,当前storProp2不会改变,显示47 Text(Parent from LocalStorage ${this.storProp2}) } } }

4、@LocalStorageLink和LocalStorage双向同步的简单场景

// 构造LocalStorage实例 let storage = new LocalStorage({ 'PropA': 47 }); // 调用link9+接口构造'PropA'的双向同步数据,linkToPropA 是全局变量 let linkToPropA = storage.link('PropA');

@Entry(storage) @Component struct CompA {

// @LocalStorageLink('PropA')在CompA自定义组件中创建'PropA'的双向同步数据,初始值为47,因为在构造LocalStorage已经给“PropA”设置47 @LocalStorageLink('PropA') storLink: number = 1;

build() { Column() { Text(incr @LocalStorageLink variable) // 点击“incr @LocalStorageLink variable”,this.storLink加1,改变同步回storage,全局变量linkToPropA也会同步改变

.onClick(() => this.storLink += 1) // 并不建议在组件内使用全局变量linkToPropA.get(),因为可能会有生命周期不同引起的错误。 Text(@LocalStorageLink: ${this.storLink} - linkToPropA: ${linkToPropA.get()}) } } }

5、兄弟节点之间同步状态变量

let storage = new LocalStorage({ countStorage: 1 });

@Component struct Child { // 子组件实例的名字 label: string = 'no name'; // 和LocalStorage中“countStorage”的双向绑定数据 @LocalStorageLink('countStorage') playCountLink: number = 0;

build() { Row() { Text(this.label) .width(50).height(60).fontSize(12) Text(playCountLink ${this.playCountLink}: inc by 1) .onClick(() => { this.playCountLink += 1; }) .width(200).height(60).fontSize(12) }.width(300).height(60) } } @Entry(storage) @Component struct Parent { @LocalStorageLink('countStorage') playCount: number = 0; build() { Column() { Row() { Text('Parent') .width(50).height(60).fontSize(12) Text(playCount ${this.playCount} dec by 1) .onClick(() => { this.playCount -= 1; }) .width(250).height(60).fontSize(12) }.width(300).height(60) Row() { Text('LocalStorage') .width(50).height(60).fontSize(12) Text(countStorage ${this.playCount} incr by 1) .onClick(() => { storage.set('countStorage', 1 + storage.get('countStorage')); }) .width(250).height(60).fontSize(12) }.width(300).height(60) Child({ label: 'ChildA' }) Child({ label: 'ChildB' }) Text(playCount in LocalStorage for debug ${storage.get<number>('countStorage')}) .width(300).height(60).fontSize(12) } } }

6、将LocalStorage实例从UIAbility共享到一个或多个视图

// EntryAbility.ts import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility'; import window from '@ohos.window'; let para:Record<string,number> = { 'PropA': 47 }; let localStorage: LocalStorage = new LocalStorage(para); export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility { storage: LocalStorage = localStorage

onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage) { windowStage.loadContent('pages/Index', this.storage); } }

// 通过GetShared接口获取stage共享的LocalStorage实例 let storage = LocalStorage.GetShared()

@Entry(storage) @Component struct CompA { // can access LocalStorage instance using // @LocalStorageLink/Prop decorated variables @LocalStorageLink('PropA') varA: number = 1;

build() { Column() { Text(${this.varA}).fontSize(50) } } }

🌈1.2.2.2 AppStorage:AppStorage
🍬1.2.2.2.1 变化规则

和前面一样传递的参数变成@StorageProp和@StorageLink

  • 当装饰的数据类型为boolean、string、number类型时,可以观察到数值的变化。
  • 当装饰的数据类型为class或者Object时,可以观察到赋值和属性赋值的变化,即Object.keys(observedObject)返回的所有属性。
  • 当装饰的对象是array时,可以观察到数组添加、删除、更新数组单元的变化。
🍬1.2.2.2.2 使用场景

1、从应用逻辑使用AppStorage和LocalStorage

AppStorage.SetOrCreate('PropA', 47);

let storage: LocalStorage = new LocalStorage({ 'PropA': 17 }); let propA: number = AppStorage.Get('PropA') // propA in AppStorage == 47, propA in LocalStorage == 17 var link1: SubscribedAbstractProperty = AppStorage.Link('PropA'); // link1.get() == 47 var link2: SubscribedAbstractProperty = AppStorage.Link('PropA'); // link2.get() == 47 var prop: SubscribedAbstractProperty = AppStorage.Prop('PropA'); // prop.get() == 47

link1.set(48); // two-way sync: link1.get() == link2.get() == prop.get() == 48 prop.set(1); // one-way sync: prop.get() == 1; but link1.get() == link2.get() == 48 link1.set(49); // two-way sync: link1.get() == link2.get() == prop.get() == 49

storage.get('PropA') // == 17 storage.set('PropA', 101); storage.get('PropA') // == 101

AppStorage.Get('PropA') // == 49 link1.get() // == 49 link2.get() // == 49 prop.get() // == 49

2、从UI内部使用AppStorage和LocalStorage

AppStorage.SetOrCreate('PropA', 47); let storage = new LocalStorage({ 'PropA': 48 });

@Entry(storage) @Component struct CompA { @StorageLink('PropA') storLink: number = 1; @LocalStorageLink('PropA') localStorLink: number = 1;

build() { Column({ space: 20 }) { Text(From AppStorage ${this.storLink}) .onClick(() => this.storLink += 1) Text(From LocalStorage ${this.localStorLink}) .onClick(() => this.localStorLink += 1) } } }

3、不建议借助@StorageLink的双向同步机制实现事件通知

// xxx.ets class ViewData { title: string; uri: Resource; color: Color = Color.Black;

constructor(title: string, uri: Resource) { this.title = title; this.uri = uri } }

@Entry @Component struct Gallery2 { dataList: Array = [new ViewData('flower', r(app.media.icon)),newViewData(OMG,r('app.media.icon')), new ViewData('OMG', r('app.media.icon')), new ViewData('OMG', $r('app.media.icon'))] scroller: Scroller = new Scroller()

build() { Column() { Grid(this.scroller) { ForEach(this.dataList, (item: ViewData, index?: number) => { GridItem() { TapImage({ uri: item.uri, index: index }) }.aspectRatio(1) }, (item: ViewData, index?: number) => { return JSON.stringify(item) + index; }) }.columnsTemplate('1fr 1fr') } } } @Component export struct TapImage { @StorageLink('tapIndex') @Watch('onTapIndexChange') tapIndex: number = -1; @State tapColor: Color = Color.Black; private index: number = 0; private uri: Resource = { id: 0, type: 0, moduleName: "", bundleName: "" }; // 判断是否被选中 onTapIndexChange() { if (this.tapIndex >= 0 && this.index === this.tapIndex) { console.info(tapindex: ${this.tapIndex}, index: ${this.index}, red) this.tapColor = Color.Red; } else { console.info(tapindex: ${this.tapIndex}, index: ${this.index}, black) this.tapColor = Color.Black; } } build() { Column() { Image(this.uri) .objectFit(ImageFit.Cover) .onClick(() => { this.tapIndex = this.index; }) .border({ width: 5, style: BorderStyle.Dotted, color: this.tapColor }) } } }

// xxx.ets import emitter from '@ohos.events.emitter';

let NextID: number = 0;

class ViewData { title: string; uri: Resource; color: Color = Color.Black; id: number;

constructor(title: string, uri: Resource) { this.title = title; this.uri = uri this.id = NextID++; } }

@Entry @Component struct Gallery2 { dataList: Array = [new ViewData('flower', r(app.media.icon)),newViewData(OMG,r('app.media.icon')), new ViewData('OMG', r('app.media.icon')), new ViewData('OMG', $r('app.media.icon'))] scroller: Scroller = new Scroller() private preIndex: number = -1

build() { Column() { Grid(this.scroller) { ForEach(this.dataList, (item: ViewData) => { GridItem() { TapImage({ uri: item.uri, index: item.id }) }.aspectRatio(1) .onClick(() => { if (this.preIndex === item.id) { return } let innerEvent: emitter.InnerEvent = { eventId: item.id } // 选中态:黑变红 let eventData: emitter.EventData = { data: { "colorTag": 1 } } emitter.emit(innerEvent, eventData) if (this.preIndex != -1) { console.info(preIndex: ${this.preIndex}, index: ${item.id}, black) let innerEvent: emitter.InnerEvent = { eventId: this.preIndex } // 取消选中态:红变黑 let eventData: emitter.EventData = { data: { "colorTag": 0 } } emitter.emit(innerEvent, eventData) } this.preIndex = item.id }) }, (item: ViewData) => JSON.stringify(item)) }.columnsTemplate('1fr 1fr') } } } @Component export struct TapImage { @State tapColor: Color = Color.Black; private index: number = 0; private uri: Resource = { id: 0, type: 0, moduleName: "", bundleName: "" }; onTapIndexChange(colorTag: emitter.EventData) { if (colorTag.data != null) { this.tapColor = colorTag.data.colorTag ? Color.Red : Color.Black } } aboutToAppear() { //定义事件ID let innerEvent: emitter.InnerEvent = { eventId: this.index } emitter.on(innerEvent, data => { this.onTapIndexChange(data) }) } build() { Column() { Image(this.uri) .objectFit(ImageFit.Cover) .border({ width: 5, style: BorderStyle.Dotted, color: this.tapColor }) } } }

以上通知事件逻辑简化成三元表达式

// xxx.ets class ViewData { title: string; uri: Resource; color: Color = Color.Black;

constructor(title: string, uri: Resource) { this.title = title; this.uri = uri } }

@Entry @Component struct Gallery2 { dataList: Array = [new ViewData('flower', r(app.media.icon)),newViewData(OMG,r('app.media.icon')), new ViewData('OMG', r('app.media.icon')), new ViewData('OMG', $r('app.media.icon'))] scroller: Scroller = new Scroller()

build() { Column() { Grid(this.scroller) { ForEach(this.dataList, (item: ViewData, index?: number) => { GridItem() { TapImage({ uri: item.uri, index: index }) }.aspectRatio(1) }, (item: ViewData, index?: number) => { return JSON.stringify(item) + index; }) }.columnsTemplate('1fr 1fr') } } } @Component export struct TapImage { @StorageLink('tapIndex') tapIndex: number = -1; @State tapColor: Color = Color.Black; private index: number = 0; private uri: Resource = { id: 0, type: 0, moduleName: "", bundleName: "" }; build() { Column() { Image(this.uri) .objectFit(ImageFit.Cover) .onClick(() => { this.tapIndex = this.index; }) .border({ width: 5, style: BorderStyle.Dotted, color: (this.tapIndex >= 0 && this.index === this.tapIndex) ? Color.Red : Color.Black }) } } }

AppStorage与PersistentStorage以及Environment配合使用时,需要注意以下几点:

  • 在AppStorage中创建属性后,调用PersistentStorage.persistProp()接口时,会使用在AppStorage中已经存在的值,并覆盖PersistentStorage中的同名属性,所以建议要使用相反的调用顺序,反例可见在PersistentStorage之前访问AppStorage中的属性;
  • 如果在AppStorage中已经创建属性后,再调用Environment.envProp()创建同名的属性,会调用失败。因为AppStorage已经有同名属性,Environment环境变量不会再写入AppStorage中,所以建议AppStorage中属性不要使用Environment预置环境变量名。
  • 状态装饰器装饰的变量,改变会引起UI的渲染更新,如果改变的变量不是用于UI更新,只是用于消息传递,推荐使用 emitter方式。例子可见不建议借助@StorageLink的双向同步机制实现事件通知。
🌈1.2.2.3 PersistentStorage:持久化存储UI状态

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