OpenHarmony 分布式开发实战——线上菜单(1),2024年最新互联网大厂100道HarmonyOS鸿蒙面试题助你冲关金三银四

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│ │ └─pages │ │ detailedPage.ets // 菜品详细页面 │ │ index.ets // 首页 │ │ menuAccount.ets // 订单详情页面 │ │
│ └─resources │ ├─base │ │ ├─element │ │ │ string.json │ │ │
│ │ ├─graphic │ │ ├─layout │ │ ├─media // 存放媒体资源 │ │ │ icon.png │ │ │ icon_add.png │ │ │ icon_back.png │ │ │ icon_cart.png │ │ │
│ │ └─profile │ └─rawfile

开发步骤

1. 新建OpenHarmony ETS项目

在DevEco Studio中点击File -> New Project ->Empty Ability->Next,Language 选择ETS语言,最后点击Finish即创建成功。

2. 编写商品展示主页面

2.1用户信息

1): 主要用到 Flex 容器 ImageText 组件;

2): 用户名称和头像图标,根据设备序列号不同,可展示不同的名称和图标;

3): 点击右上角分享的小图标,可分布式拉起局域网内的另一台设备;

@Component struct MemberInfo { @Consume userImg: Resource @Consume userName: string

aboutToAppear() { // 根据设备序列号不同,展示不同的名称和图标 CommonLog.info('==serial===' + deviceInfo.serial); if (deviceInfo.serial == '150100384754463452061bba4c3d670b') { this.userImg = r("app.media.icon_user") this.userName = 'Sunny' } else { this.userImg = r("app.media.icon_user_another") this.userName = 'Jenny' } }

build() { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column }) { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) { Image(this.userImg) .width('96lpx') .height('96lpx') .margin({ right: '18lpx' }) Text(this.userName) .fontSize('36lpx') .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold) .flexGrow(1) Image($r("app.media.icon_share")) .width('64lpx') .height('64lpx') } // 打开分布式设备列表 .onClick(() => { this.DeviceDialog.open() }) .layoutWeight(1) .padding({ left: '48lpx', right: '48lpx' })

Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) { Column() { Text('124') .fontSize('40lpx') .margin({ bottom: '24lpx' }) Text('积分') .fontSize('22lpx') .opacity(0.4) } .flexGrow(1)

Column() { Text('0') .fontSize('40lpx') .margin({ bottom: '24lpx' }) Text('优惠劵') .fontSize('22lpx') .opacity(0.4) } .flexGrow(1)

Column() { Image($r("app.media.icon_member")) .width('48lpx') .height('48lpx') .margin({ bottom: '24lpx' }) Text('会员码') .fontSize('22lpx') .fontColor('#000000') .opacity(0.4) } .flexGrow(1) } .layoutWeight(1) } .width('93%') .height('25%') .borderRadius('16lpx') .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF') .margin({ top: '24lpx', bottom: '32lpx' }) } }

2.2列表展示

1): 主要用到 Flex 容器 和 Scroll 容器 Image 和 Tex 组件;

2): 从首页点击列表进入菜品详细页面,点菜成功后会自动返回首页,此时列表需要动态更新菜品的数量;

@Component struct MenuHome { private specialty: any[] private winterNew: any[] private classic: any[] private soup: any[] private menuItems: MenuData[] private titleList = ['招牌菜', '冬季新品', '下饭菜', '汤品'] @State name: string = '招牌菜'

build() { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, alignItems: ItemAlign.Start }) { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, justifyContent: FlexAlign.SpaceAround }) { ForEach(this.titleList, item => { Flex({ alignItems: ItemAlign.Center, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Start }) { Text(item) .fontSize('24lpx') } .padding({ left: '24lpx' }) .backgroundColor(this.name == item ? '#1A006A3A' : '#FFFFFF') .height('160lpx') .onClick(() => { this.name = item if (this.name == '招牌菜') { this.menuItems = initializeOnStartup(this.specialty); } else if (this.name == '冬季新品') { this.menuItems = initializeOnStartup(this.winterNew); } else if (this.name == '下饭菜') { this.menuItems = initializeOnStartup(this.classic); } else if (this.name == '汤品') { this.menuItems = initializeOnStartup(this.soup); } }) }, item => item) } .width('20%') .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')

Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column }) { Text(this.name) .fontSize('32lpx') .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold) .opacity(0.4) .height('8%') Scroll() { Column() { List() { ForEach(this.menuItems, item => { ListItem() { MenuListItem({ menuItem: item }) } }, item => item.id.toString()) } } } .height('92%') } .margin({ left: '10lpx' }) .width('75%')

} .height('50%') } }

2.3底部总额

1): 主要用到 Flex 容器 和 Stack 容器ImageText组件;

2): 从首页点击列表进入菜品详细页面,点菜成功后会自动返回首页,更新订单数量和总额;

3): 点击底部总额框,将订单列表加入分布式数据库,@entry模拟监听数据库变化,拉起订单列表详情页面;

@Component struct TotalInfo { @Consume TotalMenu: any[]; private total: number = 0; private amount: number = 0; private remoteData: MenuListData

aboutToAppear() { for (var index = 0; index < this.TotalMenu.length; index++) { this.total = this.total + this.TotalMenu[index].price * this.TotalMenu[index].quantity this.amount = this.amount + this.TotalMenu[index].quantity } }

build() { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) { Stack({ alignContent: Alignment.Center }) { Image($r("app.media.icon_cart")) .width('96lpx') .height('96lpx') .margin({ left: '22lpx' }) Text(this.amount.toString()) .backgroundColor('#F84747') .borderRadius('30plx') .fontSize('24plx') .textAlign(TextAlign.Center) .fontColor('#FFFFFF') .width('50lpx') .height('50lpx') .margin({ left: '100lpx', bottom: '85lpx' }) } .width('150lpx') .height('150lpx')

Text('¥') .fontSize('22lpx') .fontColor('#006A3A') .margin({ left: '22lpx' }) Text(this.total.toString()) .fontSize('40lpx') .fontColor('#006A3A') .flexGrow(1) Text('点好了') .height('100%') .width('35%') .fontColor('#FFFFFF') .backgroundColor('#F84747') .textAlign(TextAlign.Center) } // 将总的订单数据,加入分布式数据库 .onClick(() => { this.remoteData.putData("menu_list", this.TotalMenu) }) .width('100%') .height('10%') .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF') } }

3. 编写菜单详细页面

3.1 菜单详情

1): 主要用到 FlexText 组件 Button 组件;

2): 辣度可以选择;

3):点击选好了,需要判断该菜品是否已经在总订单里面,并判断是哪一个用户添加,根据判断,做出相应的增加;

@Component struct detailInfo { private menuItem private spicyList = ['正常辣', '加辣', '少辣'] @State spicy: string = '正常辣' private TotalMenu: any[] private index = 0 private userName: string

build() { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, alignItems: ItemAlign.Start, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Start }) { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row }) { Flex() { Image(this.menuItem.imgSrc) .objectFit(ImageFit.Contain) }

Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column }) { Text(this.menuItem.name) .fontSize('32lpx') .flexGrow(1) Text(this.menuItem.remarks) .fontSize('22lpx') .fontColor('#000000') .opacity(0.6) .flexGrow(1) Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) { Text('¥') .fontSize('22lpx') Text(this.menuItem.price.toString()) .fontSize('40lpx') Text('/份') .fontSize('22lpx') .flexGrow(1) Image(r("app.media.iconreduce")).width(44lpx).height(44lpx).onClick(()=>prompt.showToast(message:"Reducefunctiontobecompleted",duration:5000))Text(this.menuItem.quantity.toString()).margin(left:15lpx,right:15lpx)Image(r("app.media.icon_reduce")) .width('44lpx') .height('44lpx') .onClick(() => { prompt.showToast({ message: "Reduce function to be completed", duration: 5000 }) }) Text(this.menuItem.quantity.toString()) .margin({ left: '15lpx', right: '15lpx' }) Image(r("app.media.icon_add")) .width('44lpx') .height('44lpx') .margin({ right: '15lpx' }) .onClick(() => { prompt.showToast({ message: "Increase function to be completed", duration: 5000 }) }) } .flexGrow(2) } } .height('40%') .margin({ top: '40lpx', bottom: '24lpx' })

Button() .backgroundColor('#000000') .opacity(0.1) .height('2lpx') .margin({ left: '24lpx' }) .width('92%')

Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row }) { Button() .backgroundColor('#006A3A ') .width('8lpx') .height('48lpx') .margin({ right: '12lpx' }) Text('辣度') } .margin({ left: '44lpx', top: '48lpx', bottom: '32lpx' })

Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, justifyContent: FlexAlign.SpaceEvenly }) { ForEach(this.spicyList, item => {

Button(item) .fontSize('28lpx') .height('60lpx') .width('156lpx') .borderRadius('12lpx') .backgroundColor(this.spicy == item ? '#006A3A' : '#0D000000') .fontColor(this.spicy == item ? '#FFFFFF' : '#000000')

.onClick(() => { this.spicy = item }) }, item => item) } } .margin({ top: '56lpx' }) .width('92%') .height('50%') .borderRadius('16lpx') .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF')

Button('选好了') .fontSize('36lpx') .width('80%') .height('7%') .backgroundColor('#F84747') .onClick(() => { for (this.index = 0; this.index < this.TotalMenu.length; this.index++) { if (this.TotalMenu[this.index].name == this.menuItem.name && this.TotalMenu[this.index].spicy == this.spicy) { this.TotalMenu[this.index].quantity = this.TotalMenu[this.index].quantity + 1; if (this.userName == 'Sunny') { this.TotalMenu[this.index].userNumber = this.TotalMenu[this.index].userNumber + 1; } else if (this.userName == 'Jenny') { this.TotalMenu[this.index].anotherUserNumber = this.TotalMenu[this.index].anotherUserNumber + 1; } break; } } // 菜名不一样,辣度不一样,都需要重新push到列表里面 if (this.index == this.TotalMenu.length) { this.menuItem.spicy = this.spicy; this.menuItem.quantity = 1; //根据不用的用户名称, if (this.userName == 'Sunny') { this.menuItem.userNumber = 1; } else if (this.userName == 'Jenny') { this.menuItem.anotherUserNumber = 1; } this.TotalMenu.push(this.menuItem); } router.push({ uri: 'pages/index', params: { menuItem: this.menuItem, TotalMenu: this.TotalMenu } }) }) .margin({ top: '10%' }) } } }

4. 编写订单详情页面

4.1 订单列表

1): 主要用到 Flex 容器ImageText 组件Button 组件;

2): 点击下单,将"submitOk" 加入分布式数据库,监听数据库变化后,弹出自定义对话框;

@Component struct TotalItem { private totalMenu: MenuData

build() { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column }) { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, alignContent: FlexAlign.Start, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Start }) {

Image(this.totalMenu.imgSrc) .width('210lpx') .height('100%') Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column }) { Text(this.totalMenu.name) .fontSize('32lpx') .flexGrow(1) Text(this.totalMenu.spicy) .fontSize('22lpx') .fontColor('#000000') .opacity(0.6) .flexGrow(1) Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) { Text('¥') .fontSize('22lpx') Text(this.totalMenu.price.toString()) .fontSize('40lpx') Text('/份') .fontSize('22lpx') .flexGrow(1) Text(this.totalMenu.quantity.toString()) .fontColor("#F84747") .fontSize('40lpx') } .flexGrow(2) } .padding({ left: '5%', top: '6%' }) .width('70%') } .height('180lpx')

Button() .backgroundColor('#000000') .opacity(0.1) .height('2lpx') .margin({ top: '20lpx' }) .width('100%')

if (this.totalMenu.userNumber > 0) { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) { Image(this.totalMenu.userImg) .width('96lpx') .height('96lpx') Text(this.totalMenu.userName) .fontSize('36lpx') .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold) .margin({ left: '12lpx' }) .flexGrow(1) Text(this.totalMenu.userNumber.toString()) .fontSize('32lpx') .margin({ right: '11plx' })

} .height('150lpx') } if (this.totalMenu.anotherUserNumber > 0) { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Row, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) { Image(this.totalMenu.anotherUserImg) .width('96lpx') .height('96lpx') Text(this.totalMenu.anotherUserName) .fontSize('36lpx') .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold) .margin({ left: '12lpx' }) .flexGrow(1) Text(this.totalMenu.anotherUserNumber.toString()) .fontSize('32lpx') .margin({ right: '11plx' })

} .height('150lpx') } } .margin({ top: '12lpx' }) .borderRadius('16lpx') .padding({ left: '3%', right: '3%', top: '2%' }) .backgroundColor('#FFFFFF') } }

4.2自定义弹框

1)通过**@CustomDialog**装饰器来创建自定义弹窗,使用方式可参考 自定义弹窗

2)规则弹窗效果如下,弹窗组成由一个Image和两个Text竖向排列组成;

所有我们可以在build()下使用 Flex 容器来包裹,组件代码如下:

@CustomDialog struct SubmitDialog { private controller: CustomDialogController

build() { Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) { Flex({ justifyContent: FlexAlign.Center }) { Image($r("app.media.icon_success")) .width('100lpx') .height('80lpx') } .flexGrow(1)

Text('下单成功') .fontSize('36lpx') .fontColor('#000000') .flexGrow(1) Text('*温馨提示:菜品具体售卖情况请以店面实际情况为准哦~') .fontSize('22lpx') .opacity(0.6) .fontColor('#000000') .padding({ left: '10lpx', right: '10lpx' }) } .height('300lpx') .width('100%') .padding({ top: '50lpx', bottom: '20lpx' })

} }

​ 3)在@entry创建CustomDialogController对象并传入弹窗所需参数,设置点击允许点击遮障层退出,通过open()方法,显示弹窗;

SubmitDialog: CustomDialogController = new CustomDialogController({ builder: SubmitDialog(), autoCancel: true }) aboutToAppear() {

this.remoteData.createManager(() => { let self = this; var data; if (JSON.stringify(self.remoteData.dataItem).length > 0) { data = self.remoteData.dataItem; CommonLog.info("======submit==" + data[0].submit); if (data[0].submit == "submitOk") { this.SubmitDialog.open() } } }, "com.distributed.order", "submit") }

5. 添加分布式流转

分布式流转需要在同一网络下通过 DeviceManager组件进行设备间发现和认证,获取到可信设备的deviceId调用 featureAbility.startAbility ,即可把应用程序流转到另一设备。

1)创建DeviceManager实例;

2)调用实例的startDeviceDiscovery(),开始设备发现未信任设备;

3)设置设备状态监听on(‘deviceFound’,callback),获取到未信任设备,并用discoverList变量进行维护;

4)传入未信任设备参数,调用实例authenticateDevice方法,对设备进行PIN码认证;

5)若是已信任设备,可通过实例的getTrustedDeviceListSync()方法来获取设备信息;

6)将设备信息中的deviceId传入featureAbility .startAbility方法,实现流转;

7)流转接收方可通过 featureAbility .getWant()获取到发送方携带的数据;

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