r.raise_for_status:失败请求（非200响应）抛出异常。
1.4举例说明
payload={'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}
r=requests.get("httpbin.org/get",params…)
r.status_code
200
r.json()
{u'origin': u'113.98.252.236', u'headers': {u'Host': u'httpbin.org', u'Accept-Encoding': u'gzip, deflate', u'Accept': u'*/*', u'User-Agent': u'python-requests/2.7.0 CPython/2.7.11 Windows/7'}, u'args': {u'key2': u'value2', u'key1': u'value1'}, u'url': u'httpbin.org/get?key2=va…
r.url #url：params数据会以键/值对的形式置于 URL 中，跟在一个问号的后面。
u'httpbin.org/get?key2=va…'
r.headers
{'content-length': '334', 'server': 'nginx', 'connection': 'keep-alive', 'access-control-allow-credentials': 'true', 'date': 'Fri, 09 Dec 2016 09:04:40 GMT', 'access-control-allow-origin': '*', 'content-type': 'application/json'}
r.headers['content-type']
'application/json'
r.raw
<requests.packages.urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x0000000002E64E10>
r.cookies
<RequestsCookieJar[]>
r.text
u'{\n "args": {\n "key1": "value1", \n "key2": "value2"\n }, \n "headers": {\n "Accept": "*/*", \n "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", \n "Host": "httpbin.org", \n "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.7.0 CPython/2.7.11 Windows/7"\n }, \n "origin": "113.98.252.236", \n "url": "httpbin.org/get?key2=va…'
r.content
'{\n "args": {\n "key1": "value1", \n "key2": "value2"\n }, \n "headers": {\n "Accept": "*/*", \n "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", \n "Host": "httpbin.org", \n "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.7.0 CPython/2.7.11 Windows/7"\n }, \n "origin": "113.98.252.236", \n "url": "httpbin.org/get?key2=va…'
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.get("httpbin.org/get", params=payload,stream=True)
r.raw
<requests.packages.urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x0000000003105940>
r.raw.read()
'{\n "args": {\n "key1": "value1", \n "key2": "value2"\n }, \n "headers": {\n "Accept": "*/*", \n "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", \n "Host": "httpbin.org", \n "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.7.0 CPython/2.7.11 Windows/7"\n }, \n "origin": "113.98.252.236", \n "url": "httpbin.org/get?key2=va…'
1.5用fiddler查看抓包情况
r.json()：json数据，可以看出与1.4中的r.json()值一致。
r.headers：响应头数据，可以看出与1.4中r.headers值一致。
r.raw：响应****原始数据
1.6 get请求总结
综上所述，通过requests.get("某url",params={字典类型参数键值对})模拟浏览器发送一个http的请求（其中请求的方法是get，请求的url地址如下形式
2.POST请求****
2.1查看post函数的使用
**>>> help(requests.post) #**查看requests库的属性post请求函数的使用
post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs)
Sends a POST request.
:param url: URL for the new :class:Request object.
:param data: (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:Request.
:param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:Request.
:param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that request takes.
:return: :class:Response <Response> object
:rtype: requests.Response
2.2 requests的post****函数的入参说明
url：调用接口的URL地址。
data:为可选参数，该参数是一个字典类型。
json：为可选参数，该参数是一个json类型。
**kwargs:其他可选参数，例如headers等。
2.3 requests****函数的返回值（http响应）
同1.3
json():生成json数据对象的方法。如果 JSON 解码失败， r.json 就会抛出一个异常。例如，响应内容是 401 (Unauthorized)，尝试访问 r.json 将会抛出 ValueError: No JSON object could be decoded 异常。
status_code：响应状态码。
encoding：编码，如utf-8。
url：目标url。
headers：响应头。类型为字典类型，若键不存在则返回None。
text：响应内容。字符串方式，会自动根据响应头部的字符编码进行解码。如果你改变了编码r.encoding，每当你访问 r.text ，Request 都将会使用 r.encoding 的新值。
content：二进制响应内容。字节方式，会自动为你解码gzip和deflate压缩。
raw：原始响应内容，也就是 urllib 的 response 对象，请求中要加stream=True，再使用 r.raw.read() 读取。
r.raise_for_status:失败请求（非200响应）抛出异常。
2.4举例说明
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.post("httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
r.status_code
200
r.json()
{u'files': {}, u'origin': u'113.98.252.236', u'form': {u'key2': u'value2', u'key1': u'value1'}, u'url': u'httpbin.org/post', u'args': {}, u'headers': {u'Content-Length': u'23', u'Accept-Encoding': u'gzip,deflate', u'Accept': u'*/*', u'User-Agent': u'python-requests/2.7.0 CPython/2.7.11 Windows/7', u'Host': u'httpbin.org', u'Content-Type': u'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}, u'json': None, u'data': u''}
r.url
r.headers
{'content-length': '461', 'server': 'nginx', 'connection': 'keep-alive', 'access-control-allow-credentials': 'true', 'date': 'Mon, 12 Dec 2016 02:46:14 GMT', 'access-control-allow-origin': '*', 'content-type': 'application/json'}
r.headers['content-type']
'application/json'
r.raw
<requests.packages.urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x0000000002EE4A58>
r.text
u'{\n "args": {}, \n "data": "", \n "files": {}, \n "form": {\n "key1": "value1", \n "key2": "value2"\n }, \n "headers": {\n "Accept": "*/*", \n "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", \n "Content-Length": "23", \n "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", \n "Host": "httpbin.org", \n "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.7.0 CPython/2.7.11 Windows/7"\n }, \n "json": null, \n "origin": "113.98.252.236", \n "url": "httpbin.org/post"\n}\n'
r.content
'{\n "args": {}, \n "data": "", \n "files": {}, \n "form": {\n "key1": "value1", \n "key2": "value2"\n }, \n "headers": {\n "Accept": "*/*", \n "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", \n "Content-Length": "23", \n "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", \n "Host": "httpbin.org", \n "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.7.0 CPython/2.7.11 Windows/7"\n }, \n "json": null, \n "origin": "113.98.252.236", \n "url": "httpbin.org/post"\n}\n'
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
#获取原始响应内容
r = requests.post("httpbin.org/post", data=payload,stream=True)
r.raw
<requests.packages.urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x0000000003105208>
r.raw.read()
'{\n "args": {}, \n "data": "", \n "files": {}, \n "form": {\n "key1": "value1", \n "key2": "value2"\n }, \n "headers": {\n "Accept": "*/*", \n "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", \n "Content-Length": "23", \n "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", \n "Host": "httpbin.org", \n "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.7.0 CPython/2.7.11 Windows/7"\n }, \n "json": null, \n "origin": "113.98.252.236", \n "url": "httpbin.org/post"\n}\n'
#使用 json 参数直接传递
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.post("httpbin.org/post", json=payload)
r.text
u'{\n "args": {}, \n "data": "{\"key2\": \"value2\", \"key1\": \"value1\"}", \n "files": {}, \n "form": {}, \n "headers": {\n "Accept": "*/*", \n "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", \n "Content-Length": "36", \n "Content-Type": "application/json", \n "Host": "httpbin.org", \n "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.7.0 CPython/2.7.11 Windows/7"\n }, \n "json": {\n "key1": "value1", \n "key2": "value2"\n }, \n "origin": "113.98.252.236", \n "url": "httpbin.org/post"\n}\n'
2.5用fiddler查看抓包情况
r.json()：json数据，可以看出与2.4中的r.json()值一致。
注：通过json进行传参的json数据
r.headers：响应头数据，可以看出与2.4中r.headers值一致。
r.raw：响应****原始数据
2.6 post请求总结
综上所述，通过requests.post("某url",data={字典类型参数键值对})模拟浏览器发送一个http的请求（其中请求的方法是post，请求的url地址如下形式
3.其他用法
3.1 定制请求头
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
r = requests.post("httpbin.org/post", data=payload,headers=headers)
用fiddler抓包，可以看到，发送请求的请求头中的user-agent的值为设置的值。
注意: 所有的 header 值必须是 string、bytestring 或者 unicode。
3.2上传文件
import os
os.getcwd()
'D:\pythontest'
f=open('1.txt','w+')
f.write('test')
os.listdir('D:\pythontest')
['1.txt',]
import requests
url = 'httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': open('1.txt', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
r.text
u'{\n "args": {}, \n "data": "", \n "files": {\n "file": ""\n }, \n "form": {}, \n "headers": {\n "Accept": "*/*", \n "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", \n "Content-Length": "141", \n "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=37de3eb22a754f34849771891b77bd23", \n "Host": "httpbin.org", \n "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.7.0 CPython/2.7.11 Windows/7"\n }, \n "json": null, \n "origin": "113.98.252.236", \n "url": "httpbin.org/post"\n}\n'
用fiddler抓包，可以看到，响应的JSON数据中有file。
3.3 cookies的发送
url = 'httpbin.org/cookies'
cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
r.text
u'{\n "cookies": {\n "cookies_are": "working"\n }\n}\n'
4.知识拓展
4.1关于GET和POST的区别
