将递归的 Python 列表生成器转换为 C++

有这样一个 Python 代码，用来生成满足特定条件的列表：

def recurse(r,n):
    if r == 1:
        yield [n]
        return
    for i in range(n+1):
        for j in recurse(r-1,n-i):
            yield [i]+j

这个代码可以生成所有满足以下条件的列表：

• 列表的元素和等于 n
• 列表的长度等于 r
• 列表的元素取值范围为 [0,1,2,...,n]

现在需要将这个 Python 代码转换为 C++，以便提高速度。

2、解决方案

方法一：迭代法

在 C++ 中，生成器模式并不常见。通常情况下，人们更倾向于在开始时为所有输出分配内存，然后计算数据，最后返回完整的矩阵。其次，不能像 Python 那样递归，因为这样很容易耗尽堆栈。因此，我们需要一个迭代版本的算法。

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <boost/math/special_functions/binomial.hpp>
#include <boost/numeric/conversion/cast.hpp>

using namespace std;

vector<vector<size_t>> gen_matrix(unsigned int n, unsigned int r)
{
    vector<vector<size_t>> res;
    if(r < 1) return res;
    // reserve memory space
    // this will throw positive_overflow if size is too big to be represented as size_t
    // this can also throw out_of_memory if this is size_t-representable but memory is too small.
    double result_size = boost::math::binomial_coefficient<double>(n + r - 1, r - 1);
    res.reserve(boost::numeric_cast<size_t>(result_size));
    vector<size_t> current(r, 0);
    current.front() = n;
    res.push_back(current);
    vector<size_t>::iterator inc = next(current.begin()); // what we increment
    while(inc != current.end())
    {
        while(current.front() != 0)
        {
            (*inc)++;
            current.front()--;
            res.push_back(current);
            while(prev(inc) != current.begin())
                inc--;
        }
        swap(current.front(), *inc++);
    }
    return move(res);
}

int main()
{
    auto r = gen_matrix(6, 4);
    for(auto v : r)
    {
        copy(v.begin(), v.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, ", "));
        cout << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

方法二：生成器法

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <boost/math/special_functions/binomial.hpp>
#include <boost/numeric/conversion/cast.hpp>


struct sum_list_generator
{
    typedef vector<unsigned int> result_type;

    sum_list_generator(unsigned int n, unsigned int r):
        current(r, 0),
        inc(current.begin())
    {
        if(inc != current.end()) *inc++ = n;
    }

    result_type operator()()
    {
        if(inc == current.end())
            throw out_of_range("end of iteration");
        result_type res = current;
        if(current.front() == 0)
            swap(current.front(), *inc++);
        if(inc != current.end())
        {
            (*inc)++;
            current.front()--;
            if(current.front() != 0)
                while(prev(inc) != current.begin())
                    inc--;
        }
        return move(res);
    }

    // helper function : number of outputed vectors
    static size_t count(unsigned int n, unsigned int r)
    {
        return boost::numeric_cast<size_t>(
            boost::math::binomial_coefficient<double>(n + r - 1, r - 1)
            );
    }

    private:
        result_type current;
        result_type::iterator inc;
};

int main()
{
    sum_list_generator g(6, 4);
    try
    {
        while(true)
        {
            auto v = g();
            copy(v.begin(), v.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, ", "));
            cout << endl;
        }
    }
    catch(out_of_range const&) {}
    return 0;
}