M系列CPU的Mac电脑中，使用 nvm 安装 低版本的 node 会报错，因为node15以前的版本不提供mac arm64架构的二进制预编译包，解决版本是安装时使用-s 选项强制从源码安装，例如 nvm install -s 14.17 , 但是源码安装也会报错，你可能会遇到以下问题：
一. CPlease use python3.9 or python3.8 or python3.7 or python3.6 or python3.5 or python2.7.
> nvm install -s 14.17.0
Clang v3.5+ detected! CC or CXX not specified, will use Clang as C/C++ compiler!
Local cache found: ${NVM_DIR}/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/node-v14.17.0.tar.xz
Checksums match! Using existing downloaded archive ${NVM_DIR}/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/node-v14.17.0.tar.xz
$>./configure --prefix=/Users/shitian/.nvm/versions/node/v14.17.0 <
Node.js configure: Found Python 3.12.5...
Please use python3.9 or python3.8 or python3.7 or python3.6 or python3.5 or python2.7.
/Users/shitian/.nvm/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/files/./configure:31: DeprecationWarning: Use shutil.which instead of find_executable
python_cmd_path = find_executable(python_cmd)
nvm: install v14.17.0 failed!
这个问题是因为需要在系统中安装python3.9或以下版本
解决方法：
- 安装 Python 3.9 （使用 Homebrew）：
brew install python@3.9
- 如果你原来安装过其他版本，或者安装完后运行python3命令提示错误：
你需要将 python3.9的安装目录加入环境变量， 例如上方使用的 brew 安装的 python3.9 ， 可以使用命令which python3.9找到程序路径，将其加入环境变量，例如：export PATH="/opt/homebrew/bin:$PATH",一般情况下/opt/homebrew/bin早被加入了环境变量了，如果是你以前安装过别的版本，你可以把可执行文件 /opt/homebrew/bin/python3先备份，然后再将 python3.9 的可执行文件链接到 /usr/local/bin/python3 ：
sudo mv /usr/local/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3.bak
sudo ln -s /opt/homebrew/bin/python3.9 /usr/local/bin/python3
二、ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'distutils'...
> nvm install -s 14.17.0
Clang v3.5+ detected! CC or CXX not specified, will use Clang as C/C++ compiler!
Local cache found: ${NVM_DIR}/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/node-v14.17.0.tar.xz
Checksums match! Using existing downloaded archive ${NVM_DIR}/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/node-v14.17.0.tar.xz
$>./configure --prefix=/Users/shitian/.nvm/versions/node/v14.17.0 <
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/shitian/.nvm/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/files/./configure", line 21, in <module>
from distutils.spawn import find_executable
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'distutils'
nvm: install v14.17.0 failed!
这个是缺少 distutils 模块导致的，该模块是 Python 标准库的一部分，用于构建和安装 Python 包，一般会自动安装，如果你没有，可以使用以下命令安装
python3 -m ensurepip --upgrade
python3 -m pip install --upgrade setuptools
三、integer value 31 is outside the valid range of values [0, 15] for this enumeration type ....
../deps/v8/src/base/bit-field.h:43:29: error: integer value 31 is outside the valid range of values [0, 15] for this enumeration type [-Wenum-constexpr-conversion]
static constexpr T kMax = static_cast<T>(kNumValues - 1);
^
In file included from ../deps/v8/src/compiler/backend/gap-resolver.cc:5:
In file included from ../deps/v8/src/compiler/backend/gap-resolver.h:8:
In file included from ../deps/v8/src/compiler/backend/instruction.h:14:
In file included from ../deps/v8/src/codegen/external-reference.h:9:
In file included from ../deps/v8/src/runtime/runtime.h:11:
../deps/v8/src/base/bit-field.h:43:29: error: integer value 31 is outside the valid range of values [0, 15] for this enumeration type [-Wenum-constexpr-conversion]
static constexpr T kMax = static_cast<T>(kNumValues - 1);
^
../deps/v8/src/base/bit-field.h:43:29: error: integer value 3 is outside the valid range of values [0, 1] for this enumeration type [-Wenum-constexpr-conversion]
../deps/v8/src/base/bit-field.h:43:29: error: integer value 31 is outside the valid range of values [0, 15] for this enumeration type [-Wenum-constexpr-conversion]
1 error generated.
make[1]: *** [/Users/shitian/.nvm/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/files/out/Release/obj.target/v8_compiler/deps/v8/src/compiler/all-nodes.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
../deps/v8/src/base/bit-field.h:43:29: error: integer value 3 is outside the valid range of values [0, 1] for this enumeration type [-Wenum-constexpr-conversion]
../deps/v8/src/base/bit-field.h:43:29: error: integer value 3 is outside the valid range of values [0, 1] for this enumeration type [-Wenum-constexpr-conversion]
../deps/v8/src/base/bit-field.h:43:29: error: integer value 31 is outside the valid range of values [0, 15] for this enumeration type [-Wenum-constexpr-conversion]
../deps/v8/src/base/bit-field.h:43:29: error: integer value 31 is outside the valid range of values [0, 15] for this enumeration type [-Wenum-constexpr-conversion]
1 error generated.
3 errors generated.
make[1]: *** [/Users/shitian/.nvm/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/files/out/Release/obj.target/v8_compiler/deps/v8/src/compiler/add-type-assertions-reducer.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [/Users/shitian/.nvm/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/files/out/Release/obj.target/v8_compiler/deps/v8/src/compiler/backend/frame-elider.o] Error 1
3 errors generated.
make[1]: *** [/Users/shitian/.nvm/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/files/out/Release/obj.target/v8_compiler/deps/v8/src/compiler/backend/gap-resolver.o] Error 1
../deps/v8/src/base/bit-field.h:43:29: error: integer value 7 is outside the valid range of values [0, 3] for this enumeration type [-Wenum-constexpr-conversion]
../deps/v8/src/base/bit-field.h:43:29: error: integer value 7 is outside the valid range of values [0, 3] for this enumeration type [-Wenum-constexpr-conversion]
../deps/v8/src/base/bit-field.h:43:29: error: integer value 7 is outside the valid range of values [0, 3] for this enumeration type [-Wenum-constexpr-conversion]
2 errors generated.
make[1]: *** [/Users/shitian/.nvm/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/files/out/Release/obj.target/v8_compiler/deps/v8/src/compiler/access-builder.o] Error 1
2 errors generated.
make[1]: *** [/Users/shitian/.nvm/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/files/out/Release/obj.target/v8_compiler/deps/v8/src/compiler/access-info.o] Error 1
4 errors generated.
make[1]: *** [/Users/shitian/.nvm/.cache/src/node-v14.17.0/files/out/Release/obj.target/v8_compiler/deps/v8/src/compiler/backend/code-generator.o] Error 1
rm 7d9d660a4dc0a75877e8a27a109d71e27cdc4a38.intermediate ac23c7831300b3870a23938574be0a717576496a.intermediate 64df151a6b58d28f4cdb482feb0ca8561d570b9c.intermediate
make: *** [node] Error 2
nvm: install v14.17.0 failed!
解决方法
这个问题是因为编译器版本太高了，你可以先安装12版本，brew install llvm@12,然后设置一下环境变量即可解决
export CC=/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm@12/bin/clang
export CXX=/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm@12/bin/clang++
愉快的安装
解决这些问题后，就可以顺利使用 nvm install -s 14.17.0 or nvm install -s 12.17.0 从源码安装低版本的node了，安装过程需要编译 node，我的MacBook Air M3 编译一次大概是 15 分钟左右，耐心等待吧...
> nvm list
-> v12.17.0
v14.17.0
v16.20.2
v18.17.1
v18.19.0
v20.14.0
