Datawhale X 魔搭 AI夏令营 Task03

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任务概述

在上一个任务中,我们对基准模型进行了逐行精读,并学习了如何使用AI工具来提高我们的学习效率。此外,我们还制作了一个话剧连环画,并对零代码文生图平台Secpter WebUI有了初步的理解。今天,我们将深入了解微调的基本原理,了解微调的各种参数,并介绍一个高度定制化的文生图工作流平台工具——ComfyUI。

Part 1: 初探ComfyUI及其应用场景

1.1 什么是ComfyUI?

ComfyUI是一个基于节点的图形用户界面,主要用于图像生成技术。它的特别之处在于采用了模块化的设计,将图像生成的过程分解为多个小步骤,每个步骤都是一个节点。这些节点可以连接起来形成一个完整的工作流程,用户可以根据自己的需求定制这个流程。

1.2 ComfyUI的核心模块

  • 模型加载器:加载AI模型。
  • 提示词管理器:管理用于引导图像生成的文本提示。
  • 采样器:处理图像生成过程中的采样。
  • 解码器:将生成的数据转换回图像格式。

1.3 Stable Diffusion的采样参数

在Stable Diffusion中,采样过程可以通过KSampler中的参数来配置:

  • seed:控制噪声产生的随机种子。
  • control_after_generate:控制每次生成后seed的变化。
  • steps:降噪的迭代步数,更多的步数意味着更精确的结果,但也意味着更长的生成时间。
  • cfg (Classifier-Free Guidance):决定了文本提示对最终生成图像的影响程度。更高的值代表更多地遵循提示中的描述。
  • denoise:表示有多少内容会被噪声覆盖。
  • sampler_namescheduler:这些参数控制降噪的具体方法。

1.4 ComfyUI的优势

  • 模块化和灵活性:用户可以通过拖放不同的模块来构建复杂的工作流程。
  • 可视化界面:使得用户能够更清晰地理解和操作复杂的AI模型和数据流。
  • 多模型支持:支持多个不同的生成模型。
  • 调试和优化:使得调试生成过程变得更加简单。
  • 开放性和可扩展性:作为一个开源项目,具有高度的可扩展性。
  • 用户友好性:即使对于复杂任务,也能以相对简单的方式完成。

2. 快速安装ComfyUI

为了安装ComfyUI,首先需要下载安装脚本和之前微调完成的LoRA文件:

git lfs install
git clone https://www.modelscope.cn/datasets/maochase/kolors_test_comfyui.git
mv kolors_test_comfyui/* ./
rm -rf kolors_test_comfyui/
mkdir -p /mnt/workspace/models/lightning_logs/version_0/checkpoints/
mv epoch=0-step=500.ckpt /mnt/workspace/models/lightning_logs/version_0/checkpoints/

接着进入安装文件目录,运行安装程序。最后,访问安装程序输出的链接以预览界面。

3. 浅尝ComfyUI工作流

3.1 不带LoRA的工作流样例

第一步是下载工作流脚本,并将其加载到ComfyUI上。

{
  "last_node_id": 15,
  "last_link_id": 18,
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": 11,
      "type": "VAELoader",
      "pos": [
        1323,
        240
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 315,
        "1": 58
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 0,
      "mode": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "VAE",
          "type": "VAE",
          "links": [
            12
          ],
          "shape": 3
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "VAELoader"
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        "sdxl.vae.safetensors"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 10,
      "type": "VAEDecode",
      "pos": [
        1368,
        369
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 210,
        "1": 46
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 6,
      "mode": 0,
      "inputs": [
        {
          "name": "samples",
          "type": "LATENT",
          "link": 18
        },
        {
          "name": "vae",
          "type": "VAE",
          "link": 12,
          "slot_index": 1
        }
      ],
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "IMAGE",
          "type": "IMAGE",
          "links": [
            13
          ],
          "shape": 3,
          "slot_index": 0
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "VAEDecode"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 14,
      "type": "KolorsSampler",
      "pos": [
        1011,
        371
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 315,
        "1": 222
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 5,
      "mode": 0,
      "inputs": [
        {
          "name": "kolors_model",
          "type": "KOLORSMODEL",
          "link": 16
        },
        {
          "name": "kolors_embeds",
          "type": "KOLORS_EMBEDS",
          "link": 17
        }
      ],
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "latent",
          "type": "LATENT",
          "links": [
            18
          ],
          "shape": 3,
          "slot_index": 0
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "KolorsSampler"
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        1024,
        1024,
        1000102404233412,
        "fixed",
        25,
        5,
        "EulerDiscreteScheduler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 6,
      "type": "DownloadAndLoadKolorsModel",
      "pos": [
        201,
        368
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 315,
        "1": 82
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 1,
      "mode": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "kolors_model",
          "type": "KOLORSMODEL",
          "links": [
            16
          ],
          "shape": 3,
          "slot_index": 0
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "DownloadAndLoadKolorsModel"
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        "Kwai-Kolors/Kolors",
        "fp16"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 3,
      "type": "PreviewImage",
      "pos": [
        1366,
        468
      ],
      "size": [
        535.4001724243165,
        562.2001106262207
      ],
      "flags": {},
      "order": 7,
      "mode": 0,
      "inputs": [
        {
          "name": "images",
          "type": "IMAGE",
          "link": 13
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "PreviewImage"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 12,
      "type": "KolorsTextEncode",
      "pos": [
        519,
        529
      ],
      "size": [
        457.2893696934723,
        225.28656056301645
      ],
      "flags": {},
      "order": 4,
      "mode": 0,
      "inputs": [
        {
          "name": "chatglm3_model",
          "type": "CHATGLM3MODEL",
          "link": 14,
          "slot_index": 0
        }
      ],
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "kolors_embeds",
          "type": "KOLORS_EMBEDS",
          "links": [
            17
          ],
          "shape": 3,
          "slot_index": 0
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "KolorsTextEncode"
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        "cinematic photograph of an astronaut riding a horse in space |\nillustration of a cat wearing a top hat and a scarf  |\nphotograph of a goldfish in a bowl |\nanime screencap of a red haired girl",
        "",
        1
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 15,
      "type": "Note",
      "pos": [
        200,
        636
      ],
      "size": [
        273.5273818969726,
        149.55464588512064
      ],
      "flags": {},
      "order": 2,
      "mode": 0,
      "properties": {
        "text": ""
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        "Text encoding takes the most VRAM, quantization can reduce that a lot.\n\nApproximate values I have observed:\nfp16 - 12 GB\nquant8 - 8-9 GB\nquant4 - 4-5 GB\n\nquant4 reduces the quality quite a bit, 8 seems fine"
      ],
      "color": "#432",
      "bgcolor": "#653"
    },
    {
      "id": 13,
      "type": "DownloadAndLoadChatGLM3",
      "pos": [
        206,
        522
      ],
      "size": [
        274.5334274291992,
        58
      ],
      "flags": {},
      "order": 3,
      "mode": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "chatglm3_model",
          "type": "CHATGLM3MODEL",
          "links": [
            14
          ],
          "shape": 3
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "DownloadAndLoadChatGLM3"
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        "fp16"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      12,
      11,
      0,
      10,
      1,
      "VAE"
    ],
    [
      13,
      10,
      0,
      3,
      0,
      "IMAGE"
    ],
    [
      14,
      13,
      0,
      12,
      0,
      "CHATGLM3MODEL"
    ],
    [
      16,
      6,
      0,
      14,
      0,
      "KOLORSMODEL"
    ],
    [
      17,
      12,
      0,
      14,
      1,
      "KOLORS_EMBEDS"
    ],
    [
      18,
      14,
      0,
      10,
      0,
      "LATENT"
    ]
  ],
  "groups": [],
  "config": {},
  "extra": {
    "ds": {
      "scale": 1.1,
      "offset": {
        "0": -114.73954010009766,
        "1": -139.79705810546875
      }
    }
  },
  "version": 0.4
}

第二步是加载模型并完成第一次图像生成。首次生成图片可能会加载资源,耗时较长。

3.2 带LoRA的工作流样例

LoRA文件是我们在Task1中微调得到的。可以将其他LoRA文件替换到指定位置:

/mnt/workspace/models/lightning_logs/version_0/checkpoints/epoch=0-step=500.ckpt
{
  "last_node_id": 16,
  "last_link_id": 20,
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": 11,
      "type": "VAELoader",
      "pos": [
        1323,
        240
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 315,
        "1": 58
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 0,
      "mode": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "VAE",
          "type": "VAE",
          "links": [
            12
          ],
          "shape": 3
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "VAELoader"
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        "sdxl.vae.safetensors"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 10,
      "type": "VAEDecode",
      "pos": [
        1368,
        369
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 210,
        "1": 46
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 7,
      "mode": 0,
      "inputs": [
        {
          "name": "samples",
          "type": "LATENT",
          "link": 18
        },
        {
          "name": "vae",
          "type": "VAE",
          "link": 12,
          "slot_index": 1
        }
      ],
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "IMAGE",
          "type": "IMAGE",
          "links": [
            13
          ],
          "shape": 3,
          "slot_index": 0
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "VAEDecode"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 15,
      "type": "Note",
      "pos": [
        200,
        636
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 273.5273742675781,
        "1": 149.5546417236328
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 1,
      "mode": 0,
      "properties": {
        "text": ""
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        "Text encoding takes the most VRAM, quantization can reduce that a lot.\n\nApproximate values I have observed:\nfp16 - 12 GB\nquant8 - 8-9 GB\nquant4 - 4-5 GB\n\nquant4 reduces the quality quite a bit, 8 seems fine"
      ],
      "color": "#432",
      "bgcolor": "#653"
    },
    {
      "id": 13,
      "type": "DownloadAndLoadChatGLM3",
      "pos": [
        206,
        522
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 274.5334167480469,
        "1": 58
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 2,
      "mode": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "chatglm3_model",
          "type": "CHATGLM3MODEL",
          "links": [
            14
          ],
          "shape": 3
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "DownloadAndLoadChatGLM3"
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        "fp16"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 6,
      "type": "DownloadAndLoadKolorsModel",
      "pos": [
        201,
        368
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 315,
        "1": 82
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 3,
      "mode": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "kolors_model",
          "type": "KOLORSMODEL",
          "links": [
            19
          ],
          "shape": 3,
          "slot_index": 0
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "DownloadAndLoadKolorsModel"
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        "Kwai-Kolors/Kolors",
        "fp16"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 12,
      "type": "KolorsTextEncode",
      "pos": [
        519,
        529
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 457.28936767578125,
        "1": 225.28656005859375
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 4,
      "mode": 0,
      "inputs": [
        {
          "name": "chatglm3_model",
          "type": "CHATGLM3MODEL",
          "link": 14,
          "slot_index": 0
        }
      ],
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "kolors_embeds",
          "type": "KOLORS_EMBEDS",
          "links": [
            17
          ],
          "shape": 3,
          "slot_index": 0
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "KolorsTextEncode"
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        "鐜板疄锛岄暱鍙戯紝灏戝コ锛岄槼鍏変笅鑳屾櫙",
        "",
        1
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 3,
      "type": "PreviewImage",
      "pos": [
        1366,
        469
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 535.400146484375,
        "1": 562.2001342773438
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 8,
      "mode": 0,
      "inputs": [
        {
          "name": "images",
          "type": "IMAGE",
          "link": 13
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "PreviewImage"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 16,
      "type": "LoadKolorsLoRA",
      "pos": [
        606,
        368
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 317.4000244140625,
        "1": 82
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 5,
      "mode": 0,
      "inputs": [
        {
          "name": "kolors_model",
          "type": "KOLORSMODEL",
          "link": 19
        }
      ],
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "kolors_model",
          "type": "KOLORSMODEL",
          "links": [
            20
          ],
          "shape": 3,
          "slot_index": 0
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "LoadKolorsLoRA"
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        "/mnt/workspace/models/lightning_logs/version_0/checkpoints/epoch=0-step=500.ckpt",
        2
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": 14,
      "type": "KolorsSampler",
      "pos": [
        1011,
        371
      ],
      "size": {
        "0": 315,
        "1": 266
      },
      "flags": {},
      "order": 6,
      "mode": 0,
      "inputs": [
        {
          "name": "kolors_model",
          "type": "KOLORSMODEL",
          "link": 20
        },
        {
          "name": "kolors_embeds",
          "type": "KOLORS_EMBEDS",
          "link": 17
        },
        {
          "name": "latent",
          "type": "LATENT",
          "link": null
        }
      ],
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "latent",
          "type": "LATENT",
          "links": [
            18
          ],
          "shape": 3,
          "slot_index": 0
        }
      ],
      "properties": {
        "Node name for S&R": "KolorsSampler"
      },
      "widgets_values": [
        1024,
        1024,
        0,
        "fixed",
        25,
        5,
        "EulerDiscreteScheduler",
        1
      ]
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      12,
      11,
      0,
      10,
      1,
      "VAE"
    ],
    [
      13,
      10,
      0,
      3,
      0,
      "IMAGE"
    ],
    [
      14,
      13,
      0,
      12,
      0,
      "CHATGLM3MODEL"
    ],
    [
      17,
      12,
      0,
      14,
      1,
      "KOLORS_EMBEDS"
    ],
    [
      18,
      14,
      0,
      10,
      0,
      "LATENT"
    ],
    [
      19,
      6,
      0,
      16,
      0,
      "KOLORSMODEL"
    ],
    [
      20,
      16,
      0,
      14,
      0,
      "KOLORSMODEL"
    ]
  ],
  "groups": [],
  "config": {},
  "extra": {
    "ds": {
      "scale": 1.2100000000000002,
      "offset": {
        "0": -183.91309381910426,
        "1": -202.11110769225016
      }
    }
  },
  "version": 0.4
}

4. 自我学习资源

Part 2: LoRA微调

1. LoRA简介

LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) 是一种高效的微调技术,通过在预训练模型的关键层中添加低秩矩阵来实现。这些低秩矩阵具有较低维度的参数空间,在不改变模型整体结构的情况下进行微调。在训练过程中,只有这些新增的低秩矩阵被更新,而原始模型的大部分权重保持不变。

2. LoRA详解

2.1 Task2中的微调代码
import os
cmd = """
python DiffSynth-Studio/examples/train/kolors/train_kolors_lora.py \
  --pretrained_unet_path models/kolors/Kolors/unet/diffusion_pytorch_model.safetensors \
  --pretrained_text_encoder_path models/kolors/Kolors/text_encoder \
  --pretrained_fp16_vae_path models/sdxl-vae-fp16-fix/diffusion_pytorch_model.safetensors \
  --lora_rank 16 \
  --lora_alpha 4.0 \
  --dataset_path data/lora_dataset_processed \
  --output_path ./models \
  --max_epochs 1 \
  --center_crop \
  --use_gradient_checkpointing \
  --precision "16-mixed"
"""
os.system(cmd.strip())
2.2 参数详情
  • pretrained_unet_path: 指定预训练UNet模型的路径。
  • pretrained_text_encoder_path: 指定预训练文本编码器的路径。
  • pretrained_fp16_vae_path: 指定预训练VAE模型的路径。
  • lora_rank: 设置LoRA的秩(rank),影响模型的复杂度和性能。
  • lora_alpha: 设置LoRA的alpha值,控制微调的强度。
  • dataset_path: 指定用于训练的数据集路径。
  • output_path: 指定训练完成后保存模型的路径。
  • max_epochs: 设置最大训练轮数。
  • center_crop: 启用中心裁剪,用于图像预处理。
  • use_gradient_checkpointing: 启用梯度检查点技术,节省显存。
  • precision: 设置训练时的精度为混合16位精度(half precision)。
2.3 UNet、VAE和文本编码器的协作关系
  • UNet:根据输入的噪声和文本条件生成图像。
  • VAE:将输入数据映射到潜在空间,并从中采样以生成新图像。
  • 文本编码器:将文本输入转换为模型可以理解的向量表示。

Part 3: 如何准备一个高质量的数据集

选择合适的数据集非常重要。以下是一些关键的参考维度:

  1. 明确你的需求和目标

    • 关注应用场景:确定模型的应用场景。
    • 关注数据类型:需要什么类型的图片?
    • 关注数据量:考虑所需的数据量。
  2. 数据集来源整理

    • 公开的数据平台:例如魔搭社区、ImageNet、Open Images、Flickr等。
    • 使用API或爬虫获取:从图库网站抓取图片。
    • 数据合成:利用图形引擎或特定软件生成合成数据。
    • 数据增强:对于较小的数据集,可以通过旋转、翻转、缩放等方式进行数据增强。
    • 购买或定制:对于特定领域的应用,可以从可靠渠道购买数据集。

恭喜你完成了全部知识教程!希望这些内容对你有所帮助。