语法-特殊句式-虚拟14

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虚拟 (基本不考,不重要)

虚拟就是通过谓语动词的变态表示非真实。虚拟分时态还分主/从句虚拟可以用于很多句式中,常用的是下面两种句式:

1. if 条件句的虚拟

变态方式: 从句往前推,主句4+1,将来同现在

  • 假设现在

if 从句要从现在时往前推一个时态变成一般过去时 did,如果是 be 动词要用 were,主句要用 4 种情态动词 cound/would/should/might + do

If I had a billion dollars, I would donate all the money to the charity.
  • 假设过去

if 从句要从过去时往前推一个时态变成过去完成时 had done,如果是 be 动词要用 were,主句要用 4 种情态动词 cound/would/should/might + have done

If he had played last season, we would have won the match.
  • 假设将来 (用的最少)

if 从句要从现在时往前推一个时态变成一般过去时 did,如果是 be 动词要用 were,或者用 were to do 和 should do (可以不记,那就和假设现在用法一致),主句要用 4 种情态动词 cound/would/should/might + do

If I  were to live  my life over again, I would have you as my life.
If I     lived      my life over again, I would have you as my life.
If I  should live   my life over again, I would have you as my life.

2. 宾语(动宾)从句的虚拟

当主句中的谓语动词表示 "建议、命令、要求" 时,后面的宾语从句才需要使用虚拟。从句的谓语动词用 should + 动词原型, should 可以省略。

建议: suggest / advise / propose / recommend ... 
命令: order ... 
要求: ask / demand / insist / requir / request ...
He ordered they (should) start the attack before dawn.
The workers demended they (should) be given the wages they should get.