使用 Spring Boot 实现动态加载 jar 包,动态配置功能

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动态加载 jar 包的原理与优势

动态加载 jar 包的实现基于 Java 的类加载机制。在 Java 中,类加载器负责将类的字节码加载到 JVM 中,并创建对应的类对象。通常,Java 应用使用默认的类加载器层次结构,包括启动类加载器、扩展类加载器和应用类加载器。然而,为了实现动态加载 jar 包,我们需要创建自定义的类加载器。

自定义类加载器继承自 java.lang.ClassLoader 类,并覆盖其 findClass 或 loadClass 方法来实现自定义的类查找和加载逻辑。当需要动态加载 jar 包时,自定义类加载器首先获取 jar 包的文件路径,然后读取 jar 包中的字节码数据。

通过解析字节码数据,找到其中定义的类信息,并将其加载到 JVM 中。在这个过程中,还需要处理类的依赖关系,确保所有相关的类都能正确加载。

动态加载 jar 包带来了诸多显著的优势。

首先,它极大地提高了系统的灵活性。在传统的应用部署中,如果需要添加新的功能或修复缺陷,往往需要重新编译、打包和部署整个应用。而通过动态加载 jar 包,可以在应用运行时直接加载新的功能模块,无需中断服务,实现了无缝的功能扩展和更新。

其次,它有助于降低系统的维护成本。对于一些频繁变化的业务需求,不必因为小的功能调整而进行大规模的应用部署,减少了部署过程中的风险和人力投入。

再者,动态加载 jar 包能够提高开发效率。开发人员可以独立开发和测试新的功能模块,然后在需要时将其动态加载到生产环境中,避免了与现有代码的频繁集成和冲突。

此外,它还为系统的模块化设计提供了有力支持。不同的功能模块可以封装在独立的 jar 包中,根据实际需求动态加载,使系统的架构更加清晰和易于管理。

项目依赖配置(pom.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.10</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.icoderoad</groupId>
    <artifactId>dynamic-loading-demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>dynamic-loading-demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for dynamic loading with Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
      	<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>
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YAML 属性文件配置(application.yml)

# 动态配置相关属性
dynamic:
  enabled: true
  # 其他动态配置项
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后端代码示例

DynamicConfig 类:

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.io.UrlResource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.DumperOptions;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "dynamic")
public class DynamicConfig {

    private String configProperty;

    @Autowired
    private String filePath;

    public String getConfigProperty() {
        return configProperty;
    }

    public void setConfigProperty(String configProperty) {
        this.configProperty = configProperty;
        // 同步修改 YAML 文件中的配置信息
        modifyYaml(filePath, "configProperty", configProperty);
    }

    public void modifyYaml(String filePath, String key, String value) {
        try (FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(new File(filePath))) {
            Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
            Map<String, Object> config = yaml.load(inputStream);

            config.put(key, value);

            DumperOptions options = new DumperOptions();
            options.setDefaultFlowStyle(DumperOptions.FlowStyle.BLOCK);

            try (FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(new File(filePath))) {
                yaml.dump(config, writer, options);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
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工具类 JarLoadingUtils:

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class JarLoadingUtils {

    private Map<String, ClassLoader> loadedJars = new HashMap<>();

    public void loadJars(List<String> jarPaths) throws IOException {
        for (String jarPath : jarPaths) {
            URL url = new URL(jarPath);
            CustomClassLoader classLoader = new CustomClassLoader();
            classLoader.loadJar(url.getFile());
            loadedJars.put(jarPath, classLoader);
            System.out.println("正在加载 JAR 包: " + jarPath);
        }
    }

    public void unloadJar(String jarPath) {
        ClassLoader classLoader = loadedJars.remove(jarPath);
        if (classLoader!= null) {
            // 执行卸载相关的逻辑
            System.out.println("正在卸载 JAR 包: " + jarPath);
        }
    }

    class CustomClassLoader extends URLClassLoader {

        public CustomClassLoader() {
            super(new URL[0], getParentClassLoader());
        }

        public void loadJar(String jarPath) {
            try {
                URL url = new File(jarPath).toURI().toURL();
                addURL(url);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
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DynamicLoadingController 类:

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class DynamicLoadingController {

    private JarLoadingUtils jarLoadingUtils;
    private DynamicConfig dynamicConfig;

    public DynamicLoadingController(JarLoadingUtils jarLoadingUtils, DynamicConfig dynamicConfig) {
        this.jarLoadingUtils = jarLoadingUtils;
        this.dynamicConfig = dynamicConfig;
    }

    @PostMapping("/dynamic/load")
    public ResponseEntity<String> loadJars(@RequestBody List<String> jarPaths) {
        try {
            jarLoadingUtils.loadJars(jarPaths);
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.OK).body("JAR 包加载成功");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body("加载 JAR 包时出错: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    @PostMapping("/dynamic/unload")
    public ResponseEntity<String> unloadJar(@RequestBody String jarPath) {
        jarLoadingUtils.unloadJar(jarPath);
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.OK).body("JAR 包卸载成功");
    }

    @PostMapping("/dynamic/config/update")
    public ResponseEntity<String> updateConfig(@RequestBody Map<String, String> configData) {
        String key = configData.get("key");
        String value = configData.get("value");
        dynamicConfig.setConfigProperty(value);
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.OK).body("配置更新成功");
    }
}
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核心的后端代码实现如下:

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DynamicLoadingApplication implements ApplicationRunner {

    @Autowired
    private DynamicConfig dynamicConfig;

    @Autowired
    private JarLoadingUtils jarLoadingUtils;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DynamicLoadingApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        // 模拟动态加载 jar 包的逻辑
        List<String> jarPaths = new ArrayList<>();
        jarPaths.add("path/to/your/jar/file1.jar");
        jarPaths.add("path/to/your/jar/file2.jar");
        jarLoadingUtils.loadJars(jarPaths);
    }
}
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使用 Thymeleaf 的前端页面:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <title>动态加载配置页面</title>
    <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        $(document).ready(function() {
            $("#loadButton").click(function() {
                $.ajax({
                    url: "/dynamic/load",
                    type: "POST",
                    success: function(response) {
                        $("#loadResult").text(response);
                    },
                    error: function(xhr, status, error) {
                        $("#loadResult").text("加载出错: " + error);
                    }
                });
            });

            $("#unloadButton").click(function() {
                var jarPath = $("#unloadPath").val();
                $.ajax({
                    url: "/dynamic/unload",
                    type: "POST",
                    data: JSON.stringify({ "jarPath": jarPath }),
                    contentType: "application/json",
                    success: function(response) {
                        $("#unloadResult").text(response);
                    },
                    error: function(xhr, status, error) {
                        $("#unloadResult").text("卸载出错: " + error);
                    }
                });
            });

            $("#updateButton").click(function() {
                var key = $("#updateKey").val();
                var value = $("#updateValue").val();
                $.ajax({
                    url: "/dynamic/config/update",
                    type: "POST",
                    data: JSON.stringify({ "key": key, "value": value }),
                    contentType: "application/json",
                    success: function(response) {
                        $("#updateResult").text(response);
                    },
                    error: function(xhr, status, error) {
                        $("#updateResult").text("更新出错: " + error);
                    }
                });
            });
        });
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>动态操作</h2>
    <button id="loadButton">触发动态加载</button>
    <p id="loadResult"></p>
    <form>
        <input type="text" id="unloadPath" placeholder="输入要卸载的 JAR 路径" />
        <button id="unloadButton">触发动态卸载</button>
    </form>
    <p id="unloadResult"></p>
    <form>
        <input type="text" id="updateKey" placeholder="输入配置键" />
        <input type="text" id="updateValue" placeholder="输入配置值" />
        <button id="updateButton">触发动态配置更新</button>
    </form>
    <p id="updateResult"></p>
</body>
</html>
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总结

本文展示了一个使用 Spring Boot 实现动态加载、卸载 JAR 包和动态修改 YAML 配置信息的完整示例,包括项目配置的更新、相关类的实现以及使用 Thymeleaf 实现的前端页面,为开发者提供了一个可参考的实现方案。