MapView是可以在iOS应用程序中显示可嵌入地图界面的对象。它与Maps应用程序提供的类似。它是MKMapView类的实例，该类继承了UIView类。
class MKMapView : UIView
要在iOS应用程序中显示MapView，无涯教程需要在对象库中搜索MKMapView并将结果拖到Storyboard，如下图所示。
但是，如果无涯教程将地图视图添加到界面，为地图视图定义自动布局规则并运行应用程序，模拟器将显示下图所示的输出。
要在iOS应用程序中使用MapView，无涯教程必须导入MapKit，因为iOS MapKit中存在MKMapView。 MapKit是适用于iOS设备的强大API，通过它无涯教程可以显示位置，显示路线，形状以及更多地理内容。通过使用MapKit中提供的属性和方法，无涯教程可以放大到特定位置，将地图中心放在指定的坐标上，指定无涯教程要显示的区域的大小，并使用自定义位置注释地图。无涯教程可以使用region属性初始化地图视图，以指定地图的特定区域。
MapView示例1:在地图中设置初始区域
在此示例中，无涯教程将设置地图视图的初始区域。为此，无涯教程需要通过实例化CLLocation类来创建位置对象。可以使用以下语法创建位置对象。
let location = CLLocation(latitude: CLLocationDegrees, longitude: CLLocationDegrees#)
此方法接受两个参数，即特定位置的纬度和经度。在MapKit中，纬度和经度是CLLocationDegrees类的实例。
ViewController.swift
import UIKit
import MapKit
class ViewController: UIViewController {
</span><span class="lit">@IBOutlet</span><span class="pln"> weak </span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pln"> mapView</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">MKMapView</span><span class="pun">!</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">let</span><span class="pln"> location </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CLLocation</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">latitude</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">28.613939</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> longitude</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">77.209023</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">let</span><span class="pln"> region_radious </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit">10000</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">override</span><span class="pln"> func viewDidLoad</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">super</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">viewDidLoad</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="com">//加载视图后进行任何其他设置。</span><span class="pln">
centreMap</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">location</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> location</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
func centreMap</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">location</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CLLocation</span><span class="pun">){</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">let</span><span class="pln"> region </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">MKCoordinateRegion</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">center</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> location</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">coordinate</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">latitudinalMeters</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CLLocationDistance</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">region_radious</span><span class="pun">),</span><span class="pln"> longitudinalMeters</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CLLocationDistance</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">region_radious</span><span class="pun">))</span><span class="pln">
mapView</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">setRegion</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">region</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> animated</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd">true</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
}
输出
地图显示插图
MapKit有助于无涯教程显示地图中心位置的插图。为了在地图视图上显示此内容，无涯教程必须创建一个地图注释。地图注释定义为针对特定位置显示的一小部分信息。苹果地图上的注释用小别针表示。
在此示例中，无涯教程将为地图的中心位置创建注释。要创建注释，无涯教程必须创建一个符合MKAnnotation协议的类。 ArtWork.swift类符合MKAnnotation协议，然后将其添加到ViewController.swift类中的Map。
ArtWork.swift
import Foundation
import MapKit
class ArtWork : NSObject, MKAnnotation {
var coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D
</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pln"> title </span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pun">?</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pln"> subtitle</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pun">?</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> init </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">coordinate</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CLLocationCoordinate2D</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> title</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> subtitle</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pun">){</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">coordinate </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> coordinate
</span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">title </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> title
</span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">subtitle </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> subtitle
</span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
}
ViewController.swift
import Foundation
import MapKit
class ArtWork : NSObject, MKAnnotation {
var coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D
</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pln"> title </span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pun">?</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pln"> subtitle</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pun">?</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> init </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">coordinate</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">CLLocationCoordinate2D</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> title</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> subtitle</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ">String</span><span class="pun">){</span><span class="pln">
</span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">coordinate </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> coordinate
</span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">title </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> title
</span><span class="kwd">self</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">subtitle </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln"> subtitle
</span><span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">
}
输出
MKMapView属性
下表中给出了MKMapView类中定义的属性。
| SN | Property | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | var delegate: MKMapViewDelegate? | 它是MKMapViewDelegate类型的接收委托。 |
| 2 | var mapType: MKMapType | 它是MapView显示的数据类型。 |
| 3 | var isZoomEnabled: Bool | 这是一个布尔类型值，指示是否为MapView启用了缩放函数。 |
| 4 | var isScrollEnabled: Bool | 这是一个布尔类型值，指示是否为MapView启用了滚动。 |
| 5 | var isPitchEnabled: Bool | 布尔类型值，指示是否使用地图相机的俯仰信息。 |
| 6 | var isRotateEnabled: Bool | 这是一个布尔类型值，指示是否使用地图相机的航向信息。 |
| 7 | var region: MKCoordinateRegion | 它是地图显示的初始区域。 |
| 8 | var centerCoordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D | 地图中心显示的坐标。 |
| 9 | var visibleMapRect: MKMapRect | 这是MapView当前显示的区域。 |
| 10 | var cameraBoundary: MKMapView.CameraBoundary? | 它代表MapView中心必须保留的区域边界。 |
| 11 | var cameraZoomRange: MKMapView.CameraZoomRange! | 它代表地图相机的变焦范围。 |
| 12 | var camera: MKMapCamera | 它代表用于确定地图相机。 |
| 13 | var pointOfInterestFilter: MKPointOfInterestFilter? | 它代表用于确定地图上显示的兴趣点的过滤器。 |
| 14 | var showsBuildings: Bool | 它是一个布尔值，表示是否显示建筑物的信息。 |
| 15 | var showsCompass: Bool | 布尔值，指示地图是否显示指南针控件。 |
| 16 | var showsZoomControls: Bool | 这是一个布尔值，指示地图是否显示缩放控件。 |
| 17 | var showsScale: Bool | 这是一个布尔值，指示地图是否显示比例尺信息。 |
| 18 | var showsTraffic: Bool | 它是一个布尔值，指示是否显示交通信息。 |
| 19 | var showsUserLocation: Bool | 它是一个布尔值，指示地图是否应尝试显示用户的位置。 |
| 20 | var isUserLocationVisible: Bool | 这是一个布尔值，指示是否在地图视图上显示用户的当前位置。 |
| 21 | var userLocation: MKUserLocation | 它代表用户的当前位置。 |
| 22 | var userTrackingMode: MKUserTrackingMode | 它代表用于跟踪用户当前位置的模式。 |
| 23 | var annotations: [MKAnnotation] | 它是不同地图中心位置的注释的数组。 |
| 24 | var annotationVisibleRect: CGRect | 它代表当前正在显示注释视图的可见矩形。 |
| 25 | var selectedAnnotations: [MKAnnotation] | 它表示当前正在选择的注释。 |
| 28 | var overlays: [MKOverlay] | 它表示当前与MapView关联的叠加层对象。 |
